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Economy of India vs Solomon Islands compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

India has a GDP of $3.91T compared to $1.76B for the Solomon Islands, ranking 5/197 and 182/197 by economy size, respectively.

India has $3.18T in government debt (80.4% of GDP), compared to $388M (23.7% of GDP) in the Solomon Islands.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

India
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Solomon Islands
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
India Solomon Islands
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $37,029,883,876 $136,368,119,594 - -
1961 $39,232,435,784 $141,444,753,584 - -
1962 $42,161,481,858 $145,590,679,987 - -
1963 $48,421,923,459 $154,317,899,662 - -
1964 $56,480,289,941 $165,819,135,754 - -
1965 $59,556,105,229 $161,448,524,536 - -
1966 $45,581,230,504 $161,359,197,053 - -
1967 $50,134,942,204 $173,987,108,161 $25,203,524 -
1968 $53,085,455,871 $179,881,668,162 $28,084,253 -
1969 $58,447,995,017 $191,645,390,153 $28,606,411 -
1970 $62,422,483,055 $201,528,983,204 - -
1971 $67,351,404,352 $204,839,964,084 $50,056,883 -
1972 $71,464,700,667 $203,706,581,888 $40,606,712 -
1973 $85,517,673,173 $210,419,775,347 $55,272,109 -
1974 $99,526,597,934 $212,913,957,232 $84,539,332 -
1975 $98,473,832,017 $232,395,396,987 $74,620,320 -
1976 $102,716,451,980 $236,260,373,290 $83,100,834 -
1977 $121,486,641,441 $253,400,507,185 $93,145,283 -
1978 $137,302,319,829 $267,876,092,471 $111,027,427 -
1979 $152,995,442,498 $253,844,253,326 $151,276,496 -
1980 $186,328,579,302 $270,942,749,191 $182,852,107 $526,656,506
1981 $193,491,368,446 $287,216,122,418 $193,750,541 $517,192,386
1982 $200,715,624,831 $297,198,988,654 $192,902,019 $508,557,520
1983 $218,262,146,413 $318,861,504,646 $181,220,399 $528,343,417
1984 $212,157,645,178 $331,044,366,863 $181,570,474 $529,242,659
1985 $232,511,554,840 $348,438,428,459 $165,524,943 $512,665,070
1986 $248,985,994,041 $365,081,813,582 $147,620,048 $511,632,408
1987 $279,033,584,092 $379,558,605,849 $155,128,542 $554,718,560
1988 $296,589,670,896 $416,101,684,459 $176,494,394 $561,653,631
1989 $296,042,052,945 $440,848,680,243 $172,882,411 $585,603,984
1990 $320,979,026,420 $465,242,841,649 $214,877,667 $598,487,271
1991 $270,105,341,879 $470,159,674,248 $227,540,473 $634,396,517
1992 $288,208,070,278 $495,935,689,518 $269,034,596 $714,964,863
1993 $279,295,648,983 $519,496,484,312 $300,746,361 $743,563,455
1994 $327,274,843,459 $554,089,360,750 $402,837,005 $803,792,104
1995 $360,281,909,643 $596,058,814,154 $469,443,202 $884,883,597
1996 $392,896,866,205 $641,058,406,947 $510,586,430 $899,129,406
1997 $415,867,563,593 $667,020,123,972 $526,554,006 $890,910,669
1998 $421,351,317,225 $708,271,422,053 $457,579,840 $902,416,890
1999 $458,821,052,616 $770,923,380,745 $488,024,514 $898,033,573
2000 $468,395,521,654 $800,534,479,624 $419,842,674 $769,821,324
2001 $485,440,139,204 $839,151,992,865 $409,508,553 $708,569,673
2002 $514,939,140,319 $871,073,127,580 $346,406,739 $688,729,844
2003 $607,700,687,237 $939,542,798,342 $417,668,983 $733,658,907
2004 $709,152,728,831 $1,013,982,178,697 $468,005,319 $790,028,121
2005 $820,383,763,511 $1,094,324,353,141 $552,864,570 $848,157,142
2006 $940,259,888,788 $1,182,534,912,714 $617,258,154 $883,256,262
2007 $1,216,736,438,835 $1,273,126,725,480 $695,295,348 $915,403,897
2008 $1,198,895,139,006 $1,312,424,303,406 $776,337,692 $972,396,664
2009 $1,341,888,016,995 $1,415,605,643,156 $805,557,563 $1,000,248,710
2010 $1,675,615,519,485 $1,535,897,931,732 $898,133,685 $1,097,356,737
2011 $1,823,051,829,895 $1,616,399,198,834 $1,063,895,361 $1,178,889,790
2012 $1,827,637,590,410 $1,704,596,203,504 $1,185,215,418 $1,207,961,229
2013 $1,856,721,507,622 $1,813,453,530,767 $1,285,911,586 $1,271,231,099
2014 $2,039,126,479,155 $1,947,834,564,909 $1,335,571,421 $1,286,348,802
2015 $2,103,588,360,045 $2,103,588,360,045 $1,307,909,888 $1,307,909,888
2016 $2,294,796,885,663 $2,277,267,041,550 $1,379,490,304 $1,380,560,771
2017 $2,651,474,262,755 $2,432,016,068,498 $1,469,789,119 $1,423,017,819
2018 $2,702,929,641,649 $2,588,974,770,245 $1,615,478,393 $1,462,093,823
2019 $2,835,606,256,558 $2,689,205,295,885 $1,619,155,017 $1,487,659,507
2020 $2,674,851,578,587 $2,533,830,417,087 $1,536,145,814 $1,437,359,544
2021 $3,167,270,623,260 $2,779,348,258,939 $1,522,794,913 $1,474,218,470
2022 $3,346,107,287,731 $2,990,839,011,962 $1,566,360,686 $1,509,636,295
2023 $3,638,489,096,034 $3,265,719,695,911 $1,660,896,531 $1,549,737,698
2024 $3,912,686,168,582 $3,477,476,264,134 $1,760,767,447 $1,589,090,837

Economic indicators

India Solomon Islands
Gross domestic product
$3.91T
2024
$1.76B
2024
GDP rank
5/197
2024
182/197
2024
GDP growth
7.54%
2023-2024
6.01%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,697
2024
$2,149
2024
GDP per capita rank
143/197
2024
153/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,159
2024
$2,872
2024
Government debt
$3.18T
2024
$388M
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.4%
2025
23.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$2,192
2024
$473
2024
Government debt per person rank
116/185
2024
169/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,011
2025
$2,069
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$5.13T
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
868,660
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
205
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.1%
2022
29.2%
2012
Income share by poorest 10%
4.5%
2022
2.8%
2012
Government expenditure, % of GDP
27.7%
2025
35.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.95%
2023-2024
4.32%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
5.5%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
4.17%
2024
0.69%
2013
Population
1474115403
854419

GDP per capita in India vs Solomon Islands

India's GDP per capita is $2,697, ranking 143/197, compared to $2,149 in the Solomon Islands, ranking 153/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), India ranks 130th at $11,159, while the Solomon Islands ranks 183rd at $2,872.

India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Solomon Islands
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
India Solomon Islands
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $84.9 - - -
1961 $87.9 - - -
1962 $92.2 - - -
1963 $103.4 - - -
1964 $117.9 - - -
1965 $121.5 - - -
1966 $91 - - -
1967 $98 - $153.5 -
1968 $101.6 - $166.9 -
1969 $109.5 - $165.9 -
1970 $114.4 - $162 -
1971 $120.7 - $277.1 -
1972 $125.3 - $219.5 -
1973 $146.6 - $291.3 -
1974 $166.7 - $433 -
1975 $161.1 - $372 -
1976 $164.1 - $401 -
1977 $189.6 - $434 -
1978 $209.4 - $500 -
1979 $228 - $658 -
1980 $271.1 - $768 -
1981 $275 - $786 -
1982 $278.7 - $756 -
1983 $296 - $686 -
1984 $281 - $665 -
1985 $301 - $586 -
1986 $315 - $506 -
1987 $345 - $515 -
1988 $358 - $567 -
1989 $350 - $538 -
1990 $371 $1,212 $648 $1,266
1991 $306 $1,239 $666 $1,346
1992 $319 $1,309 $764 $1,505
1993 $303 $1,374 $829 $1,556
1994 $348 $1,467 $1,078 $1,668
1995 $375 $1,579 $1,220 $1,821
1996 $401 $1,695 $1,289 $1,830
1997 $416 $1,759 $1,292 $1,793
1998 $414 $1,852 $1,092 $1,785
1999 $442 $2,006 $1,134 $1,754
2000 $443 $2,091 $953 $1,503
2001 $450 $2,200 $912 $1,387
2002 $469 $2,277 $757 $1,344
2003 $544 $2,461 $896 $1,433
2004 $624 $2,682 $986 $1,556
2005 $710 $2,937 $1,144 $1,693
2006 $802 $3,221 $1,256 $1,786
2007 $1,022 $3,508 $1,390 $1,869
2008 $993 $3,633 $1,526 $1,989
2009 $1,095 $3,887 $1,555 $2,021
2010 $1,348 $4,206 $1,685 $2,182
2011 $1,445 $4,455 $1,924 $2,306
2012 $1,429 $4,820 $2,066 $2,320
2013 $1,433 $5,014 $2,161 $2,394
2014 $1,554 $5,192 $2,165 $2,377
2015 $1,584 $5,425 $2,045 $2,354
2016 $1,708 $5,800 $2,083 $2,421
2017 $1,950 $6,145 $2,144 $2,454
2018 $1,966 $6,715 $2,278 $2,494
2019 $2,041 $7,151 $2,224 $2,512
2020 $1,907 $6,966 $2,063 $2,405
2021 $2,240 $8,050 $1,997 $2,518
2022 $2,347 $9,207 $2,005 $2,697
2023 $2,530 $10,323 $2,076 $2,801
2024 $2,697 $11,159 $2,149 $2,872

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, India's government spending was $1.11T, accounting for 27.7% of its GDP, while the Solomon Islands' spent $630M, or 35.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.4% in India and 23.7% in the Solomon Islands, ranking 41/185 and 171/185, respectively.

India
Government spending

Government debt
Solomon Islands
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
India Solomon Islands
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 11.2% 36.5% - -
1961 11.8% 38.7% - -
1962 11.5% 36.2% - -
1963 12.3% 35.5% - -
1964 13.2% 33.8% - -
1965 13.7% 36.8% - -
1966 13.8% 36.2% - -
1967 13.8% 38.5% - -
1968 12.6% 40.3% - -
1969 11.5% 38.8% - -
1970 11.7% 38.1% - -
1971 12.4% 37.6% - -
1972 13.5% 37.2% - -
1973 12.9% 34.1% - -
1974 11.3% 29% - -
1975 12.7% 29.5% - -
1976 14.4% 31.3% - -
1977 13.9% 29.9% - -
1978 15% 30.8% - -
1979 15.6% 32.2% - -
1980 17.5% 38% - -
1981 16.6% 37.2% - -
1982 17.8% 41.7% - -
1983 17.8% 39.6% - -
1984 19.8% 41.6% - -
1985 21.6% 44.3% - -
1986 23.2% 47.9% - -
1987 22.5% 48.9% - -
1988 24.9% 48.9% - -
1989 25.7% 50.5% - -
1990 25.8% 50.8% 30% -
1991 27.3% 76.7% 39.4% -
1992 26.7% 78.8% 35.1% -
1993 26.2% 78.3% 33.2% -
1994 26.2% 74.8% 30.2% -
1995 25% 70.9% 24.7% -
1996 24.4% 67.1% 24.2% -
1997 25.2% 69% 19.3% 25.9%
1998 26% 69.3% 15.5% 39.5%
1999 25.8% 71.3% 18.7% 42%
2000 26.1% 74.9% 18.7% 44.3%
2001 28.3% 80.1% 18.1% 52.8%
2002 29.1% 84.3% 16.7% 65.7%
2003 29.9% 85.9% 14.9% 61.3%
2004 28.4% 84.9% 14.7% 58.2%
2005 26.9% 82.4% 17% 44.7%
2006 26.9% 77.9% 19.9% 42.3%
2007 26.9% 75.5% 23.7% 33%
2008 29.3% 74.4% 27% 28.9%
2009 28.5% 72.8% 24.8% 18.9%
2010 28% 67.7% 23.9% 22.9%
2011 27.6% 68.6% 27% 18.3%
2012 27.4% 68% 29.4% 13.3%
2013 26.6% 67.7% 41.8% 11.6%
2014 26.2% 67.1% 39.8% 10.1%
2015 27.1% 69% 41.5% 7.88%
2016 27.2% 68.9% 39.6% 7.54%
2017 26.2% 69.7% 40.4% 8.77%
2018 26.3% 70.4% 34.8% 7.95%
2019 26.8% 75% 35.6% 7.82%
2020 31% 88.4% 40.4% 12.8%
2021 29.9% 83.5% 37.8% 15.9%
2022 29.1% 82.2% 40.8% 15.5%
2023 28.4% 81.2% 40.1% 20.3%
2024 28.3% 81.3% 35.8% 22%
2025 27.7% 80.4% 35.7% 23.7%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, India's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$289B, equivalent to -7.38% of GDP. This compares to the Solomon Islands' deficit of -$54.3M, or -3.08% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, India recorded a fiscal deficit in 35 of those years, while the Solomon Islands ran a deficit in 12 years. On average, India posted an annual deficit equal to -8.26% of GDP, compared to surplus of +2.66% of GDP for the Solomon Islands.

Deficit/surplus
India

Solomon Islands
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
India Solomon Islands
1861 -0.16% -
1862 0.15% -
1863 -0.06% -
1864 -0.11% -
1865 0.21% -
1866 -0.31% -
1867 -0.12% -
1868 -0.38% -
1869 0.01% -
1870 0.19% -
1871 0.42% -
1872 0.31% -
1873 -0.28% -
1874 -0.15% -
1875 -0.87% -
1876 -0.8% -
1877 -0.84% -
1878 -0.12% -
1879 -0.39% -
1880 -0.69% -
1881 -0.05% -
1882 -0.77% -
1883 -0.81% -
1884 -1.22% -
1885 -1.48% -
1886 -0.75% -
1887 -1.28% -
1888 -1.94% -
1889 -0.45% -
1890 -0.8% -
1891 -0.64% -
1892 -0.56% -
1893 -0.59% -
1894 -0.5% -
1895 -0.41% -
1896 -1% -
1897 -1.02% -
1898 -0.49% -
1899 -0.56% -
1900 -1.06% -
1901 -0.27% -
1902 -0.56% -
1903 -0.56% -
1904 -0.53% -
1905 -2% -
1906 -0.8% -
1907 -1.22% -
1908 -1.25% -
1909 -0.7% -
1910 -0.85% -
1911 -0.42% -
1912 -0.58% -
1913 -0.85% -
1914 -0.98% -
1915 -0.51% -
1916 0.25% -
1917 -5.69% -
1918 -0.48% -
1919 -1.04% -
1920 -1.57% -
1921 -1.45% -
1922 -1.05% -
1923 -0.66% -
1924 -0.3% -
1925 -0.67% -
1926 -0.88% -
1927 -0.98% -
1928 -0.87% -
1929 -0.91% -
1930 -1.02% -
1931 -0.68% -
1932 0.03% -
1933 0% -
1934 -0.09% -
1935 -0.4% -
1936 -0.45% -
1937 -0.1% -
1938 -0.16% -
1939 -0.32% -
1940 -0.59% -
1941 -0.37% -
1942 -3.62% -
1943 -3.48% -
1944 -3.32% -
1945 -4.4% -
1946 -2.89% -
1947 -0.86% -
1948 -0.82% -
1949 -0.73% -
1950 -1.01% -
1951 -0.5% -
1952 0.03% -
1953 -1.83% -
1954 -2.61% -
1955 -2.77% -
1956 -2.93% -
1957 -3.35% -
1958 -5.08% -
1959 -5.29% -
1960 -4.05% -
1961 -4.1% -
1962 -3.3% -
1963 -4.16% -
1964 -4.41% -
1965 -4.49% -
1966 -4.18% -
1967 -4.97% -
1968 -3.98% -
1969 -2.66% -
1970 -2.35% -
1971 -2.9% -
1972 -3.14% -
1973 -3.53% -
1974 -2.3% -
1975 -3.11% -
1976 -4.1% -
1977 -4.1% -
1978 -4.45% -
1979 -4.87% -
1980 -7.27% -
1981 -6.07% -
1982 -6.78% -
1983 -7.28% -
1984 -8.54% -
1985 -9.58% -
1986 -10.6% -
1987 -9.53% -
1988 -7.01% -
1989 -7.68% -
1990 -8.07% 0.58%
1991 -7.9% 0.14%
1992 -7.89% 4.13%
1993 -8.57% 2.45%
1994 -8% 4.33%
1995 -6.81% 3.19%
1996 -6.71% 3.73%
1997 -8.28% 2.14%
1998 -9.74% 5.04%
1999 -8.7% -0.32%
2000 -8.41% -2.93%
2001 -11% -2.4%
2002 -11.1% -4.35%
2003 -11.4% 10.6%
2004 -9.22% 17%
2005 -7.49% 13.4%
2006 -6.38% 13%
2007 -4.59% 15.3%
2008 -9.17% 1.94%
2009 -9.7% 2.35%
2010 -8.79% 6.02%
2011 -8.35% 6.22%
2012 -7.55% 4.63%
2013 -7% 3.57%
2014 -7.07% 2.13%
2015 -7.21% 0.81%
2016 -7.12% -3.56%
2017 -6.23% -2.27%
2018 -6.38% 1.49%
2019 -7.69% -1.52%
2020 -12.9% -2.44%
2021 -9.45% -1.86%
2022 -8.97% -2.51%
2023 -7.92% -3.81%
2024 -7.38% -3.08%
2025 -6.86% -3.15%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, India has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.42%, compared with 6.24% in the Solomon Islands. In 2024, inflation was 4.95% in India and 4.32% in the Solomon Islands.

Inflation
India

Solomon Islands
Year Inflation
India Solomon Islands India Solomon Islands
1996 8.98% 11.8%
1997 7.16% 8.08%
1998 13.2% 12.4%
1999 4.67% 8.02%
2000 4.01% 7.89%
2001 3.78% 6.93%
2002 4.3% 10.9%
2003 3.81% 8.27%
2004 3.77% 6.99%
2005 4.25% 7.33%
2006 5.8% 11.2%
2007 6.37% 7.67%
2008 8.35% 17.3%
2009 10.9% 7.09%
2010 12% 1.05%
2011 8.91% 7.34%
2012 9.48% 5.91%
2013 10% 5.39%
2014 6.67% 5.17%
2015 4.91% -0.57%
2016 4.95% 0.51%
2017 3.33% 0.49%
2018 3.94% 3.46%
2019 3.73% 1.63%
2020 6.62% 2.96%
2021 5.13% -0.12%
2022 6.7% 5.52%
2023 5.65% 5.89%
2024 4.95% 4.32%

Top exports between countries

India
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $1.36M
Machinery & equipment $864K
Textiles & consumer goods $406K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $372K
Raw agricultural goods $196K
Raw materials & minerals $174K
Wood & paper products $13K
Weapons & explosives $12K
Metals $9K
Miscellaneous $1K
Solomon Islands
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $28.9M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $81K

Balance of trade

India Solomon Islands
Current account balance
-$32.1B
2024
-$66.2M
2024
Current account balance ranking
185/189
2024
83/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.82%
2024
-3.76%
2024
Goods imports
$727B
2024
$609M
2024
Goods exports
$447B
2024
$510M
2024
Service imports
$197B
2024
$248M
2024
Service exports
$375B
2024
$133M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
23.5%
2024
51.7%
2022
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
21.2%
2024
26.3%
2022

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

India Solomon Islands
Economic freedom 53 56.3
Economic freedom ranking 143/197 121/197
Property rights 51.1 48.2
Government integrity 37.6 42
Judicial effectiveness 53.2 61.9
Tax burden 71.3 70.6
Government spending 74.2 70.2
Fiscal health 6.2 95.3
Business freedom 72.3 50.1
Labor freedom 59 60.5
Monetary freedom 69.9 76.2
Trade freedom 61 55.4
Investment freedom 40 15
Financial freedom 40 30

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for India is 53, ranking 143/197, compared to 56.3 for the Solomon Islands, ranking 121/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

India
Solomon Islands
Year Economic freedom index
India Solomon Islands
1995 45.1 -
1996 47.4 -
1997 49.7 -
1998 49.7 -
1999 50.2 -
2000 47.4 -
2001 49 -
2002 51.2 -
2003 51.2 -
2004 51.5 -
2005 54.2 -
2006 52.2 -
2007 53.9 -
2008 54.1 -
2009 54.4 46
2010 53.8 42.9
2011 54.6 45.9
2012 54.6 46.2
2013 55.2 45
2014 55.7 46.2
2015 54.6 47
2016 56.2 47
2017 52.6 55
2018 54.5 57.5
2019 55.2 54.6
2020 56.5 52.9
2021 56.5 56.5
2022 53.9 56.5
2023 52.9 56.9
2024 52.9 55
2025 53 56.3

More economic indicators

India Solomon Islands
Services, % of GDP
49.9%
2024
47.3%
2022
Industry, % of GDP
24.5%
2024
18.7%
2022
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.4%
2024
33.8%
2022
GNI, Atlas method
$3.84T
2024
$1.71B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,000
2024
$2,880
2024
Total reserves including gold
$643B
2024
$688M
2023
Total reserves ranking
5/177
2024
149/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
-$2.89B
2024
$19.9M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$27.1B
2024
$33M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$24.2B
2024
$52.9M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.29%
2023
1.77%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.9%
2011
12.7%
2012
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
32.6%
2024
23.4%
2022

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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Economy vs India vs Solomon Islands
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.