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Economy of India vs Seychelles compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

India has a GDP of $3.96T compared to $2.39B for the Seychelles, ranking 6/197 and 177/197 by economy size, respectively.

India has $3.33T in government debt (84.1% of GDP), compared to $1.23B (51.5% of GDP) in the Seychelles.

India vs Seychelles GDP by year

India
Seychelles
1x
Year GDP, current $
India Seychelles
2025 $3,956,067,115,772 $2,387,022,853
2024 $3,760,813,470,501 $2,228,608,684
2023 $3,500,906,030,645 $2,171,547,935
2022 $3,249,938,492,013 $1,999,888,599
2021 $3,167,270,623,260 $1,487,173,795
2020 $2,674,851,578,587 $1,382,551,752
2019 $2,835,606,256,558 $1,868,690,097
2018 $2,702,929,641,649 $1,784,313,927
2017 $2,651,474,262,755 $1,675,370,641
2016 $2,294,796,885,663 $1,568,513,348
2015 $2,103,588,360,045 $1,432,403,352
2014 $2,039,126,479,155 $1,387,577,870
2013 $1,856,721,507,622 $1,333,160,407
2012 $1,827,637,590,410 $1,089,407,839
2011 $1,823,051,829,895 $1,058,918,707
2010 $1,675,615,519,485 $981,616,542
2009 $1,341,888,016,995 $850,901,620
2008 $1,198,895,139,006 $979,597,394
2007 $1,216,736,438,835 $1,077,308,814
2006 $940,259,888,788 $1,081,441,283
2005 $820,383,763,511 $977,899,382
2004 $709,152,728,831 $893,012,218
2003 $607,700,687,237 $750,847,230
2002 $514,939,140,319 $742,134,838
2001 $485,440,139,204 $662,064,156
2000 $468,395,521,654 $654,212,394
1999 $458,821,052,616 $662,838,615
1998 $421,351,317,225 $647,287,376
1997 $415,867,563,593 $598,966,982
1996 $392,896,866,205 $535,250,347
1995 $360,281,909,643 $540,733,048
1994 $327,274,843,459 $517,570,058
1993 $279,295,648,983 $504,230,621
1992 $288,208,070,278 $461,409,399
1991 $270,105,341,879 $398,307,170
1990 $320,979,026,420 $392,163,561
1989 $296,042,052,945 $324,333,367
1988 $296,589,670,896 $301,985,618
1987 $279,033,584,092 $265,212,957
1986 $248,985,994,041 $221,147,061
1985 $232,511,554,840 $179,691,483
1984 $212,157,645,178 $160,992,921
1983 $218,262,146,413 $156,098,237
1982 $200,715,624,831 $157,211,790
1981 $193,491,368,446 $163,750,728
1980 $186,328,579,302 $156,783,830
1979 $152,995,442,498 $127,261,099
1978 $137,302,319,829 $85,552,366
1977 $121,486,641,441 $64,526,401
1976 $102,716,451,980 $49,278,982
1975 $98,473,832,017 $47,803,146
1974 $99,526,597,934 $43,134,496
1973 $85,517,673,173 $36,896,280
1972 $71,464,700,667 $30,645,123
1971 $67,351,404,352 $21,965,951
1970 $62,422,483,055 $18,432,032
1969 $58,447,995,017 $16,452,028
1968 $53,085,455,871 $16,074,028
1967 $50,134,942,204 $16,632,032
1966 $45,581,230,504 $16,443,034
1965 $59,556,105,229 $15,603,032
1964 $56,480,289,941 $15,393,032
1963 $48,421,923,459 $13,923,029
1962 $42,161,481,858 $12,642,026
1961 $39,232,435,784 $11,592,024
1960 $37,029,883,876 $12,012,025

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/seychelles | CC BY

GDP per capita in India vs Seychelles by year

India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Seychelles
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
India Seychelles
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $2,702 - $19,449 -
2024 $2,592 $11,160 $18,365 $33,239
2023 $2,434 $10,323 $18,131 $31,781
2022 $2,280 $9,207 $16,683 $29,973
2021 $2,240 $8,050 $14,983 $29,980
2020 $1,907 $6,966 $14,041 $31,056
2019 $2,041 $7,151 $19,142 $34,219
2018 $1,966 $6,715 $18,440 $32,091
2017 $1,950 $6,145 $17,480 $30,675
2016 $1,708 $5,800 $16,567 $28,811
2015 $1,584 $5,425 $15,333 $25,435
2014 $1,554 $5,192 $15,188 $24,985
2013 $1,433 $5,014 $14,821 $22,487
2012 $1,429 $4,820 $12,337 $22,264
2011 $1,445 $4,455 $12,110 $21,781
2010 $1,348 $4,206 $10,935 $18,982
2009 $1,095 $3,887 $9,747 $18,453
2008 $993 $3,633 $11,265 $18,881
2007 $1,022 $3,508 $12,669 $19,473
2006 $802 $3,221 $12,783 $17,503
2005 $710 $2,937 $11,802 $15,846
2004 $624 $2,682 $10,828 $14,160
2003 $544 $2,461 $9,070 $14,142
2002 $469 $2,277 $8,864 $14,570
2001 $450 $2,200 $8,153 $14,615
2000 $443 $2,091 $8,064 $14,638
1999 $442 $2,006 $8,243 $13,853
1998 $414 $1,852 $8,210 $13,675
1997 $416 $1,759 $7,747 $13,458
1996 $401 $1,695 $7,004 $11,931
1995 $375 $1,579 $7,181 $10,809
1994 $348 $1,467 $6,975 $10,692
1993 $303 $1,374 $6,979 $11,020
1992 $319 $1,309 $6,520 $10,243
1991 $306 $1,239 $5,655 $9,387
1990 $371 $1,212 $5,642 $8,955
1989 $350 - $4,689 -
1988 $358 - $4,392 -
1987 $345 - $3,872 -
1986 $315 - $3,368 -
1985 $301 - $2,754 -
1984 $281 - $2,488 -
1983 $296 - $2,426 -
1982 $278.7 - $2,441 -
1981 $275 - $2,557 -
1980 $271.1 - $2,478 -
1979 $228 - $2,030 -
1978 $209.4 - $1,377 -
1977 $189.6 - $1,044 -
1976 $164.1 - $814 -
1975 $161.1 - $806 -
1974 $166.7 - $745 -
1973 $146.6 - $649 -
1972 $125.3 - $547 -
1971 $120.7 - $402 -
1970 $114.4 - $344 -
1969 $109.5 - $314 -
1968 $101.6 - $314 -
1967 $98 - $333 -
1966 $91 - $338 -
1965 $121.5 - $328 -
1964 $117.9 - $332 -
1963 $103.4 - $308 -
1962 $92.2 - $287 -
1961 $87.9 - $270.3 -
1960 $84.9 - $288.1 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/seychelles | CC BY

India's GDP per capita is $2,702, ranking 149/197, compared to $19,449 in the Seychelles, ranking 64/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), India ranks 130th at $11,160, while the Seychelles ranks 67th at $33,239.

Economic indicators

India Seychelles
Gross domestic product
$3.96T
2025
$2.39B
2025
GDP rank
6/197
2025
177/197
2025
GDP growth
7.57%
2024-2025
5.8%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$2,702
2025
$19,449
2025
GDP per capita rank
149/197
2025
64/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,160
2024
$33,239
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
130/197
2024
67/197
2024
Government debt
$3.33T
2025
$1.23B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
84.1%
2025
51.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$2,272
2025
$10,019
2025
Government debt per person rank
116/185
2025
59/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,974
2026
$11,537
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$10.6T
2025
$646M
2025
Number of millionaires
944,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
229
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.1%
2022
23.9%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
4.5%
2022
2.6%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
28.5%
2025
32.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.4%
2024-2025
0.3%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
5.25%
2025
1.75%
2024
Unemployment rate
4.51%
2025
2.59%
2024
Population
1483314140
125859

Spending and national debt comparison by year

India
Spending

Debt
Seychelles
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
India Seychelles
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 28.5% 84.1% 32.7% 51.5%
2024 29.3% 84.8% 33% 56.1%
2023 29.7% 85% 33.1% 55.1%
2022 30% 84.6% 31.6% 60.6%
2021 30.7% 85.7% 38.8% 71%
2020 31.8% 90.6% 46.7% 77.4%
2019 27.4% 76.7% 31.7% 48.9%
2018 26.8% 71.7% 33% 51.3%
2017 26.6% 70.8% 34.3% 56.7%
2016 27.6% 69.8% 34.5% 64.3%
2015 27.3% 69.8% 31.5% 75.4%
2014 26.2% 67.6% 33.4% 70.4%
2013 26.5% 68% 37.8% 68.2%
2012 27.2% 68.1% 38.6% 80.1%
2011 27.3% 68.7% 36.4% 82.5%
2010 27.7% 67.7% 34.6% 82.2%
2009 28.1% 72.7% 32.1% 106.1%
2008 28.3% 74.3% 27% 192.1%
2007 26.1% 75.4% 41.9% 144%
2006 25.6% 77.9% 43.6% 135.1%
2005 26% 82.4% 39% 144.1%
2004 28.4% 84.9% 39.9% 163.2%
2003 29.9% 85.9% 44.6% 177%
2002 29.1% 84.3% 56.3% 195.9%
2001 28.3% 80.1% 46.8% 199.8%
2000 26.1% 74.9% 55.4% 177.8%
1999 25.8% 71.3% 56.1% 159.8%
1998 26% 69.3% 60.7% 161.2%
1997 25.2% 69% 54.7% 143%
1996 24.4% 67.1% 59.1% 146.7%
1995 25% 70.9% 53.1% 133.5%
1994 26.2% 74.8% 63.6% 123.5%
1993 26.2% 78.3% 60.4% 82.2%
1992 26.7% 78.8% 50.7% 79.9%
1991 26.8% 76.7% 52.1% 89.2%
1990 25.4% 50.8% 46.1% 80.4%
1989 25.7% 50.5% 51.7% 39.9%
1988 24.9% 48.9% 46.7% 41.3%
1987 22.5% 48.9% 49.7% 37%
1986 23.2% 47.9% 58% 31.5%
1985 21.6% 44.3% 53% 26.5%
1984 19.8% 41.6% 50.5% 15.3%
1983 17.8% 39.6% 47.9% 12.4%
1982 17.8% 41.7% - -
1981 16.6% 37.2% - -
1980 17.5% 38% - -
1979 15.6% 32.2% - -
1978 15% 30.8% - -
1977 13.9% 29.9% - -
1976 14.4% 31.3% - -
1975 12.7% 29.5% - -
1974 11.3% 29% - -
1973 12.9% 34.1% - -
1972 13.5% 37.2% - -
1971 12.4% 37.6% - -
1970 11.7% 38.1% - -
1969 11.5% 38.8% - -
1968 12.6% 40.3% - -
1967 13.8% 38.5% - -
1966 13.8% 36.2% - -
1965 13.7% 36.8% - -
1964 13.2% 33.8% - -
1963 12.3% 35.5% - -
1962 11.5% 36.2% - -
1961 11.8% 38.7% - -
1960 11.2% 36.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/seychelles | CC BY

In 2025, India's government spending was $1.13T, accounting for 28.5% of its GDP, while the Seychelles spent $781M, or 32.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 84.1% in India and 51.5% in the Seychelles, ranking 38/185 and 102/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
India

Seychelles
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
India Seychelles
2025 -7.44% -0.99%
2024 -7.85% -0.68%
2023 -8.37% -1.15%
2022 -9.23% -0.77%
2021 -9.7% -5.76%
2020 -13.2% -15.7%
2019 -7.86% 0.42%
2018 -6.46% -0.8%
2017 -6.33% -1.67%
2016 -7.21% 0.02%
2015 -7.28% 1.39%
2014 -6.9% 2.87%
2013 -6.78% 0.33%
2012 -7.32% 2.93%
2011 -8.03% 3.36%
2010 -8.53% 0.52%
2009 -9.26% 4.84%
2008 -8.15% 7.88%
2007 -3.73% -9.93%
2006 -5.11% -2.54%
2005 -6.64% 0.42%
2004 -9.22% 0.44%
2003 -11.4% 3.4%
2002 -11.1% -16.3%
2001 -11% -8.93%
2000 -8.41% -14.7%
1999 -8.7% -10.3%
1998 -9.74% -16.7%
1997 -8.28% -5.91%
1996 -6.71% -9.69%
1995 -6.81% -2.58%
1994 -8% -6.95%
1993 -8.57% -3.62%
1992 -7.89% 6.44%
1991 -7.44% 3.15%
1990 -7.63% 11.9%
1989 -7.68% 8.26%
1988 -7.01% 11.8%
1987 -9.53% 2.77%
1986 -10.6% -10.1%
1985 -9.58% -4.86%
1984 -8.54% -6.09%
1983 -7.28% -3.13%
1982 -6.78% -
1981 -6.07% -
1980 -7.27% -
1979 -4.87% -
1978 -4.45% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -4.1% -
1975 -3.11% -
1974 -2.3% -
1973 -3.53% -
1972 -3.14% -
1971 -2.9% -
1970 -2.35% -
1969 -2.66% -
1968 -3.98% -
1967 -4.97% -
1966 -4.18% -
1965 -4.49% -
1964 -4.41% -
1963 -4.16% -
1962 -3.3% -
1961 -4.1% -
1960 -4.05% -
1959 -5.29% -
1958 -5.08% -
1957 -3.35% -
1956 -2.93% -
1955 -2.77% -
1954 -2.61% -
1953 -1.83% -
1952 0.03% -
1951 -0.5% -
1950 -1.01% -
1949 -0.73% -
1948 -0.82% -
1947 -0.86% -
1946 -2.89% -
1945 -4.4% -
1944 -3.32% -
1943 -3.48% -
1942 -3.62% -
1941 -0.37% -
1940 -0.59% -
1939 -0.32% -
1938 -0.16% -
1937 -0.1% -
1936 -0.45% -
1935 -0.4% -
1934 -0.09% -
1933 0% -
1932 0.03% -
1931 -0.68% -
1930 -1.02% -
1929 -0.91% -
1928 -0.87% -
1927 -0.98% -
1926 -0.88% -
1925 -0.67% -
1924 -0.3% -
1923 -0.66% -
1922 -1.05% -
1921 -1.45% -
1920 -1.57% -
1919 -1.04% -
1918 -0.48% -
1917 -5.69% -
1916 0.25% -
1915 -0.51% -
1914 -0.98% -
1913 -0.85% -
1912 -0.58% -
1911 -0.42% -
1910 -0.85% -
1909 -0.7% -
1908 -1.25% -
1907 -1.22% -
1906 -0.8% -
1905 -2% -
1904 -0.53% -
1903 -0.56% -
1902 -0.56% -
1901 -0.27% -
1900 -1.06% -
1899 -0.56% -
1898 -0.49% -
1897 -1.02% -
1896 -1% -
1895 -0.41% -
1894 -0.5% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -0.56% -
1891 -0.64% -
1890 -0.8% -
1889 -0.45% -
1888 -1.94% -
1887 -1.28% -
1886 -0.75% -
1885 -1.48% -
1884 -1.22% -
1883 -0.81% -
1882 -0.77% -
1881 -0.05% -
1880 -0.69% -
1879 -0.39% -
1878 -0.12% -
1877 -0.84% -
1876 -0.8% -
1875 -0.87% -
1874 -0.15% -
1873 -0.28% -
1872 0.31% -
1871 0.42% -
1870 0.19% -
1869 0.01% -
1868 -0.38% -
1867 -0.12% -
1866 -0.31% -
1865 0.21% -
1864 -0.11% -
1863 -0.06% -
1862 0.15% -
1861 -0.16% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/seychelles | CC BY

In 2025, India's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $294B, equivalent to 7.44% of GDP. This compares to the Seychelles' deficit of $23.5M, or 0.99% of GDP.

Over the past 43 years, India recorded a fiscal deficit in 43 of those years, while the Seychelles ran a deficit in 24 years. On average, India posted an annual deficit equal to 8.2% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.01% of GDP for the Seychelles.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
India

Seychelles
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
India Seychelles
2025 2.4% 0.3%
2024 4.95% 0.31%
2023 5.65% -1.04%
2022 6.7% 2.63%
2021 5.13% 9.77%
2020 6.62% 1.2%
2019 3.73% 1.81%
2018 3.94% 3.7%
2017 3.33% 2.86%
2016 4.95% -1.02%
2015 4.91% 4.04%
2014 6.67% 1.39%
2013 10% 4.34%
2012 9.48% 7.11%
2011 8.91% 2.56%
2010 12% -2.4%
2009 10.9% 31.8%
2008 8.35% 37%
2007 6.37% 5.32%
2006 5.8% -0.35%
2005 4.25% 0.91%
2004 3.77% 3.86%
2003 3.81% 3.3%
2002 4.3% 0.18%
2001 3.78% 5.97%
2000 4.01% 6.27%
1999 4.67% 6.35%
1998 13.2% 2.58%
1997 7.16% 0.62%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/seychelles | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, India has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.2%, compared with 4.87% in the Seychelles. In 2025, inflation was 2.4% in India and 0.3% in the Seychelles.

Top exports between countries

India
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $150M
Metals $10M
Chemicals & pharma $8.78M
Raw agricultural goods $8.26M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.62M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.1M
Raw materials & minerals $4.35M
Animal & marine products $4.34M
Wood & paper products $1.31M
Miscellaneous $113K
Seychelles
Export category Export value
Metals $2.1M
Machinery & equipment $505K
Animal & marine products $285K
Chemicals & pharma $133K
Precious metals & jewellery $109K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $48K
Raw agricultural goods $44K
Raw materials & minerals $26K
Textiles & consumer goods $24K

Balance of trade

India Seychelles
Current account balance
-$16.5B
2025
-$166M
2024
Current account balance ranking
182/190
2025
90/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.42%
2025
-7.46%
2024
Goods imports
$761B
2025
$1.38B
2024
Goods exports
$450B
2025
$595M
2024
Service imports
$203B
2025
$1B
2024
Service exports
$412B
2025
$1.71B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
24%
2025
92.7%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.3%
2025
79.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

India Seychelles
Economic freedom 52.5 66.5
Economic freedom ranking 146/197 60/197
Property rights 48.3 82.6
Government integrity 37.8 71.7
Judicial effectiveness 52.6 61.7
Tax burden 71.2 77.3
Government spending 75.7 68
Fiscal health 6.7 92.2
Business freedom 67.4 71.3
Labor freedom 59 52
Monetary freedom 70.9 79.8
Trade freedom 61 81.2
Investment freedom 40 30
Financial freedom 40 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

India
Seychelles
1x
Year Economic freedom index
India Seychelles
2026 52.5 66.5
2025 53 66.4
2024 52.9 60.4
2023 52.9 59.5
2022 53.9 61.1
2021 56.5 66.3
2020 56.5 64.3
2019 55.2 61.4
2018 54.5 61.6
2017 52.6 61.8
2016 56.2 62.2
2015 54.6 57.5
2014 55.7 56.2
2013 55.2 54.9
2012 54.6 53
2011 54.6 51.2
2010 53.8 47.9
2009 54.4 47.8
2008 54.1 -
2007 53.9 -
2006 52.2 -
2005 54.2 -
2004 51.5 -
2003 51.2 -
2002 51.2 -
2001 49 -
2000 47.4 -
1999 50.2 -
1998 49.7 -
1997 49.7 -
1996 47.4 -
1995 45.1 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/seychelles | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for India is 52.5, ranking 146/197, compared to 66.5 for the Seychelles, ranking 60/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

India Seychelles
Services, % of GDP
49.3%
2025
67.9%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
14.3%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.2%
2025
2.61%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$4.04T
2025
$2.36B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,600
2025
$34,930
2025
Total reserves including gold
$700B
2025
$774M
2024
Total reserves ranking
5/177
2025
146/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$3.41B
2025
-$268M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$27.1B
2024
$226M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$24.2B
2024
-$41.4M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.47%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.9%
2011
25.3%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
18.7%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.