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Economy of Mexico vs United Arab Emirates compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Mexico has a GDP of $1.83T compared to $552B for the United Arab Emirates, ranking 14/197 and 31/197 by economy size, respectively.

Mexico has $1.13T in government debt (61.8% of GDP), compared to $193B (34.3% of GDP) in the United Arab Emirates.

Mexico vs United Arab Emirates GDP by year

Mexico
United Arab Emirates
1x
Year GDP, current $
Mexico UAE
2025 $1,832,641,364,776 -
2024 $1,830,489,311,089 $552,324,919,096
2023 $1,794,410,347,718 $522,622,268,401
2022 $1,466,934,724,243 $511,403,404,642
2021 $1,316,569,466,834 $422,441,282,436
2020 $1,121,064,767,169 $357,161,776,271
2019 $1,304,106,204,006 $433,926,218,686
2018 $1,256,300,182,984 $440,560,003,161
2017 $1,190,721,475,853 $403,365,056,079
2016 $1,112,233,497,453 $381,717,208,621
2015 $1,213,294,467,654 $381,973,135,513
2014 $1,364,507,717,689 $424,935,834,104
2013 $1,327,436,290,439 $409,632,574,703
2012 $1,255,110,424,742 $392,793,559,051
2011 $1,229,013,703,417 $368,881,033,963
2010 $1,105,424,238,652 $307,736,348,527
2009 $943,437,414,951 $253,547,358,747
2008 $1,161,553,459,985 $315,474,615,741
2007 $1,102,355,554,880 $257,916,148,767
2006 $1,020,265,057,882 $222,116,532,963
2005 $917,571,853,437 $180,617,467,954
2004 $819,459,227,375 $147,824,249,958
2003 $765,549,967,889 $124,346,476,180
2002 $810,666,116,402 $109,816,091,079
2001 $796,064,590,549 $103,311,631,797
2000 $742,061,329,749 $104,337,463,730
1999 $631,249,359,702 $84,445,399,335
1998 $557,461,102,631 $75,674,384,205
1997 $523,449,530,464 $78,838,886,862
1996 $432,157,945,024 $73,571,217,377
1995 $380,157,469,867 $65,743,604,966
1994 $553,618,247,901 $59,305,111,228
1993 $530,160,763,663 $55,625,269,485
1992 $363,157,832,924 $54,239,188,746
1991 $313,139,656,146 $51,552,058,250
1990 $261,253,675,693 $50,701,374,187
1989 $221,403,098,267 $41,464,966,302
1988 $181,611,150,497 $36,275,613,877
1987 $147,542,558,209 $36,384,802,310
1986 $134,556,034,673 $33,943,568,481
1985 $195,241,069,482 $40,603,631,079
1984 $184,230,754,105 $41,807,931,453
1983 $156,167,000,433 $42,803,373,390
1982 $184,602,611,610 $46,622,715,281
1981 $263,797,827,860 $49,333,471,895
1980 $205,577,055,466 $43,599,134,193
1979 $134,531,900,899 $31,225,557,022
1978 $102,648,570,299 $23,775,718,541
1977 $81,912,018,784 $24,871,660,292
1976 $88,875,923,765 $19,213,212,475
1975 $88,000,000,000 $14,720,729,969
1974 $72,000,000,000 $11,651,505,689
1973 $55,280,000,000 $4,231,243,616
1972 $45,200,000,000 $1,415,086,929
1971 $39,200,000,000 $939,893,600
1970 $35,520,000,000 $685,986,701
1969 $32,480,000,000 -
1968 $29,360,000,000 -
1967 $26,560,000,000 -
1966 $24,320,000,000 -
1965 $21,840,000,000 -
1964 $20,080,000,000 -
1963 $16,960,000,000 -
1962 $15,200,000,000 -
1961 $14,160,000,000 -
1960 $13,040,000,000 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

GDP per capita in Mexico vs United Arab Emirates by year

Mexico
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Arab Emirates
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Mexico UAE
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $13,889 - - -
2024 $13,988 $26,185 $50,274 $79,229
2023 $13,831 $25,243 $49,851 $77,955
2022 $11,406 $23,135 $50,760 $75,072
2021 $10,314 $20,783 $44,118 $68,580
2020 $8,841 $19,354 $37,992 $66,791
2019 $10,370 $20,964 $45,939 $79,816
2018 $10,085 $20,921 $47,135 $77,446
2017 $9,649 $20,489 $43,734 $70,282
2016 $9,098 $20,105 $42,721 $69,987
2015 $10,021 $19,071 $44,910 $73,986
2014 $11,391 $18,821 $52,725 $87,478
2013 $11,217 $18,170 $53,247 $87,526
2012 $10,744 $18,005 $53,142 $89,198
2011 $10,664 $17,267 $51,922 $89,665
2010 $9,729 $15,909 $44,795 $85,120
2009 $8,424 $15,191 $37,803 $84,780
2008 $10,524 $15,681 $50,054 $94,628
2007 $10,134 $15,032 $45,855 $100,813
2006 $9,513 $14,540 $44,343 $106,814
2005 $8,672 $13,260 $38,719 $101,301
2004 $7,850 $12,658 $33,377 $98,661
2003 $7,434 $12,066 $29,660 $92,636
2002 $7,983 $11,762 $27,754 $88,467
2001 $7,953 $11,739 $27,745 $90,370
2000 $7,524 $11,705 $29,866 $92,899
1999 $6,500 $11,031 $25,856 $87,658
1998 $5,833 $10,756 $24,889 $90,229
1997 $5,567 $10,182 $27,983 $96,009
1996 $4,674 $9,496 $28,323 $94,620
1995 $4,184 $8,933 $27,003 $93,702
1994 $6,202 $9,466 $25,473 $89,959
1993 $6,048 $9,041 $25,033 $86,330
1992 $4,221 $9,470 $25,648 $87,509
1991 $3,709 $9,079 $25,691 $87,250
1990 $3,154 $8,578 $26,710 $88,455
1989 $2,725 - $23,167 -
1988 $2,279 - $21,570 -
1987 $1,888 - $23,113 -
1986 $1,757 - $23,132 -
1985 $2,602 - $29,468 -
1984 $2,506 - $32,012 -
1983 $2,170 - $34,650 -
1982 $2,621 - $39,972 -
1981 $3,829 - $44,855 -
1980 $3,055 - $42,925 -
1979 $2,049 - $34,238 -
1978 $1,604 - $29,379 -
1977 $1,315 - $35,020 -
1976 $1,465 - $31,197 -
1975 $1,492 - $27,117 -
1974 $1,256 - $23,823 -
1973 $993 - $9,696 -
1972 $837 - $3,675 -
1971 $748 - $2,805 -
1970 $699 - $2,394 -
1969 $660 - - -
1968 $616 - - -
1967 $576 - - -
1966 $545 - - -
1965 $506 - - -
1964 $481 - - -
1963 $420 - - -
1962 $388 - - -
1961 $374 - - -
1960 $355 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

Mexico's GDP per capita is $13,889, ranking 76/197, compared to $50,274 in the United Arab Emirates, ranking 25/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Mexico ranks 80th at $26,185, while the United Arab Emirates ranks 16th at $79,229.

Economic indicators

Mexico UAE
Gross domestic product
$1.83T
2025
$552B
2024
GDP rank
14/197
2025
31/197
2024
GDP growth
0.56%
2024-2025
3.99%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$13,889
2025
$50,274
2024
GDP per capita rank
76/197
2025
25/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$26,185
2024
$79,229
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
80/197
2024
16/197
2024
Government debt
$1.13T
2025
$193B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
61.8%
2025
34.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$8,577
2025
$17,568
2024
Government debt per person rank
66/185
2025
37/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,482
2026
$40,096
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$560B
2025
$1.11T
2025
Number of millionaires
333,000
2026
183,000
2026
Number of billionaires
22
2026
6
2026
Income share by richest 10%
33.4%
2024
20.5%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
2.1%
2024
2.8%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
29.8%
2025
22.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.81%
2024-2025
1.3%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
6.5%
2026
3.65%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.54%
2025
1.88%
2024
Population
133551566
11885001

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Mexico
Spending

Debt
United Arab Emirates
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Mexico UAE
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 29.8% 61.8% 22.6% 34.3%
2024 30.8% 59.1% 21.4% 34.9%
2023 28.6% 52.8% 22.7% 31.9%
2022 28.5% 53.8% 22.7% 31.5%
2021 26.7% 56.7% 25.9% 35.7%
2020 27.8% 58.5% 30.5% 30.1%
2019 25.3% 51.9% 27.4% 25.8%
2018 25% 52.2% 25.9% 20.7%
2017 25% 52.5% 27.2% 21.2%
2016 26.5% 55% 31.7% 18.6%
2015 26.6% 51% 26.4% 15.6%
2014 26.9% 47.1% 31.4% 13.5%
2013 26.7% 44.1% 28.9% 15.3%
2012 27% 40.8% 27.8% 20.2%
2011 26.6% 41.2% 29.6% 20.4%
2010 26.5% 40.2% 30.4% 18.3%
2009 26.5% 41.7% 35% 21.1%
2008 26.5% 40.6% 22% 8.95%
2007 22.5% 35.5% 17.7% 8.89%
2006 21.6% 35.8% 15.6% 5.05%
2005 21.2% 36.8% 15.7% 4.48%
2004 20.5% 38.9% 17.7% 4.08%
2003 21.5% 42.1% 20% 3.33%
2002 19.8% 39.9% 21.3% 3.43%
2001 19.5% 37.3% 25.2% 2.69%
2000 19.4% 38.5% 21.8% 3.12%
1999 20.1% 41.7% 24.3% 4.73%
1998 19.5% 39.7% 25.8% 4.18%
1997 20.7% 39.1% 22.6% 2.86%
1996 20.8% 42.5% 27.6% 3.48%
1995 18.9% 30.7% 26.1% 5.06%
1994 18.9% 26.8% 30.1% 5.58%
1993 18.2% 19.2% 31.5% 6.01%
1992 19% 21.5% 29.6% 5.31%
1991 20.1% 29.2% 36% 4.97%
1990 22.9% 35.7% - -
1989 19.2% 36% - -
1988 23.6% 36.5% - -
1987 26.7% 52.7% - -
1986 25.1% 47.8% - -
1985 21.4% 30.4% - -
1984 19.8% 25.2% - -
1983 21.6% 25.3% - -
1982 24.7% 29.8% - -
1981 20.1% 41.7% - -
1980 17.5% 31.4% - -
1979 16.5% 35.8% - -
1978 15.7% 39% - -
1977 15.5% 41.5% - -
1976 15.5% 31.3% - -
1975 14.7% 24.4% - -
1974 13.8% 21.7% - -
1973 12.7% 20% - -
1972 11.9% 17.9% - -
1971 10.6% 17% - -
1970 10.9% 17.1% - -
1969 11.8% 10.7% - -
1968 10.9% 7.85% - -
1967 10.4% 8.22% - -
1966 11.6% 5.14% - -
1965 10.7% 9.99% - -
1964 9.21% 6.22% - -
1963 8.51% 4.13% - -
1962 8.26% 4.2% - -
1961 8.01% 4.38% - -
1960 9.5% 4.58% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

In 2025, Mexico's government spending was $547B, accounting for 29.8% of its GDP, while the United Arab Emirates spent $118B, or 22.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 61.8% in Mexico and 34.3% in the United Arab Emirates, ranking 73/185 and 146/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Mexico

United Arab Emirates
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Mexico UAE
2025 -4.86% 5.15%
2024 -5.78% 6.41%
2023 -4.3% 5.82%
2022 -4.32% 9.8%
2021 -3.75% 3.96%
2020 -4.29% -2.42%
2019 -2.27% 2.5%
2018 -2.14% 3.65%
2017 -1.03% -0.16%
2016 -2.68% -2.95%
2015 -3.86% -6.35%
2014 -4.37% 1.74%
2013 -3.56% 7.99%
2012 -3.57% 8.59%
2011 -3.2% 5.05%
2010 -3.8% 0.52%
2009 -3.94% -6.13%
2008 -0.68% 17.6%
2007 -1.46% 17.1%
2006 -1.23% 20.2%
2005 -1.43% 16%
2004 -1.35% 6.4%
2003 -2.24% 2.35%
2002 -2.18% -1.24%
2001 -2.57% 1.21%
2000 -2.69% 10.7%
1999 -4.49% 1.31%
1998 -4.49% 1%
1997 -3.48% 6.71%
1996 -3.66% 0.92%
1995 -2.28% 3.58%
1994 -2.25% -1.78%
1993 -1.51% -2.89%
1992 2.26% 3.34%
1991 1.49% 3.89%
1990 -3.11% -
1989 -4.75% -
1988 -8.76% -
1987 -11.6% -
1986 -11.2% -
1985 -7.2% -
1984 -5.79% -
1983 -6.03% -
1982 -11.4% -
1981 -4.9% -
1980 -1.75% -
1979 -2.15% -
1978 -1.88% -
1977 -2.43% -
1976 -3.14% -
1975 -2.64% -
1974 -3.33% -
1973 -2.75% -
1972 -2.3% -
1971 -1.43% -
1970 -1.71% -
1969 -2.74% -
1968 -2.06% -
1967 -2.12% -
1966 -3.2% -
1965 -2.51% -
1964 -1.44% -
1963 -0.92% -
1962 -0.79% -
1961 -0.88% -
1960 -1.36% -
1959 -0.73% -
1958 0.24% -
1957 -0.03% -
1956 0.52% -
1955 0.6% -
1954 -0.94% -
1953 -0.58% -
1952 0.42% -
1951 -0.26% -
1950 -0.2% -
1949 0.44% -
1948 -1.55% -
1947 -0.93% -
1946 0.66% -
1945 -1.11% -
1944 -1.12% -
1943 0.05% -
1942 -0.93% -
1941 -0.26% -
1940 -0.4% -
1939 -0.06% -
1938 -0.91% -
1937 -0.41% -
1936 -0.39% -
1935 0.26% -
1934 0.72% -
1933 -0.58% -
1932 0% -
1931 0.71% -
1930 0.21% -
1929 0.95% -
1928 0.24% -
1927 -0.3% -
1926 -0.29% -
1925 0.46% -
1924 1.34% -
1923 1.02% -
1922 1.13% -
1921 0.64% -
1920 0.91% -
1919 0.41% -
1918 -0.19% -
1917 0.63% -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.28% -
1912 -0.79% -
1911 -0.31% -
1910 0.1% -
1909 0.15% -
1908 -0.08% -
1907 0.43% -
1906 0.72% -
1905 0.35% -
1904 1.09% -
1903 3.82% -
1902 0.42% -
1901 0.62% -
1900 0.76% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1900–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

In 2024, Mexico's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $106B, equivalent to 5.78% of GDP. This compares to the United Arab Emirates' surplus of $35.4B, or 6.41% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Mexico recorded a fiscal deficit in 32 of those years, while the United Arab Emirates ran a deficit in 8 years. On average, Mexico posted an annual deficit equal to 2.68% of GDP, compared to surplus of 4.25% of GDP for the United Arab Emirates.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Mexico

United Arab Emirates
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Mexico UAE
2025 3.81% 1.3%
2024 4.72% 1.7%
2023 5.53% 1.6%
2022 7.9% 4.8%
2021 5.69% -0.1%
2020 3.4% -2.1%
2019 3.64% -1.9%
2018 4.9% 3.1%
2017 6.04% 2%
2016 2.82% 1.6%
2015 2.72% 4.1%
2014 4.02% 2.3%
2013 3.81% 1.1%
2012 4.11% 0.7%
2011 3.41% 0.9%
2010 4.16% 0.9%
2009 5.3% -4.7%
2008 5.12% 12.3%
2007 3.97% 11.1%
2006 3.63% 9.3%
2005 3.99% 6.2%
2004 4.69% 5%
2003 4.55% 3.1%
2002 5.03% 2.9%
2001 6.37% 2.8%
2000 9.49% 1.3%
1999 16.6% 2.1%
1998 15.9% 2%
1997 20.6% 3%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Mexico has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.07%, compared with 2.7% in the United Arab Emirates. In 2025, inflation was 3.81% in Mexico and 1.3% in the United Arab Emirates.

Top exports between countries

Mexico
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $430M
Metals $114M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $31.1M
Raw agricultural goods $23.7M
Chemicals & pharma $14.8M
Raw materials & minerals $6.25M
Miscellaneous $2.99M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.1M
Animal & marine products $600K
Precious metals & jewellery $512K
UAE
Export category Export value
Metals $275M
Machinery & equipment $106M
Chemicals & pharma $28.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $8.76M
Precious metals & jewellery $5.9M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.69M
Raw materials & minerals $1.52M
Raw agricultural goods $1.46M
Miscellaneous $1.25M
Wood & paper products $120K

Balance of trade

Mexico UAE
Current account balance
-$8.2B
2025
$80B
2024
Current account balance ranking
171/190
2025
9/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.45%
2025
+14.5%
2024
Goods imports
$665B
2025
$400B
2024
Goods exports
$666B
2025
$467B
2024
Service imports
$75.4B
2025
$117B
2024
Service exports
$64B
2025
$181B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
40.3%
2025
92.2%
2023
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
39.6%
2025
106.8%
2023

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Mexico UAE
Economic freedom 59.8 71.9
Economic freedom ranking 102/197 29/197
Property rights 37.6 62.9
Government integrity 28.8 65.3
Judicial effectiveness 40.4 34.4
Tax burden 75.4 99.9
Government spending 74.6 85.1
Fiscal health 56.7 97.6
Business freedom 67 84.5
Labor freedom 57.3 63.2
Monetary freedom 70.6 81.2
Trade freedom 74.2 78.6
Investment freedom 75 50
Financial freedom 60 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Mexico
United Arab Emirates
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Mexico UAE
2026 59.8 71.9
2025 61.3 71.6
2024 62 71.1
2023 63.2 70.9
2022 63.7 70.2
2021 65.5 76.9
2020 66 76.2
2019 64.7 77.6
2018 64.8 77.6
2017 63.6 76.9
2016 65.2 72.6
2015 66.4 72.4
2014 66.8 71.4
2013 67 71.1
2012 65.3 69.3
2011 67.8 67.8
2010 68.3 67.3
2009 65.8 64.7
2008 66.2 62.6
2007 66 62.6
2006 64.7 62.2
2005 65.2 65.2
2004 66 67.2
2003 65.3 73.4
2002 63 73.6
2001 60.6 74.9
2000 59.3 74.2
1999 58.5 71.5
1998 57.9 72.2
1997 57.1 71.9
1996 61.2 71.6
1995 63.1 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Mexico is 59.8, ranking 102/197, compared to 71.9 for the United Arab Emirates, ranking 29/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Mexico UAE
Services, % of GDP
58.9%
2025
54.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.6%
2025
44.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.88%
2025
0.77%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.81T
2025
$566B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$25,070
2025
$81,640
2024
Total reserves including gold
$256B
2025
$292B
2025
Total reserves ranking
17/177
2025
14/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$31.8B
2025
$31.5B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$45.5B
2024
$45.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13B
2024
$77.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.77%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
29.6%
2024
19.5%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.6%
2025
26.6%
2023

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1900–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.