Skip to content

Economy of New Zealand vs United Arab Emirates compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

New Zealand has a GDP of $260B compared to $552B for the United Arab Emirates, ranking 52/197 and 27/197 by economy size, respectively.

New Zealand has $131B in government debt (50.2% of GDP), compared to $193B (34.9% of GDP) in the United Arab Emirates.

New Zealand vs United Arab Emirates GDP by year

New Zealand
United Arab Emirates
1x
Year GDP, current $
New Zealand UAE
2024 $260,172,385,098 $552,324,846,835
2023 $255,194,972,673 $522,622,191,967
2022 $249,509,991,440 $511,403,403,676
2021 $253,977,931,815 $422,441,388,700
2020 $213,029,554,654 $357,161,878,829
2019 $213,006,341,102 $433,926,208,305
2018 $211,985,631,173 $440,560,108,918
2017 $206,745,969,246 $403,365,010,211
2016 $189,100,085,275 $381,717,086,453
2015 $178,224,167,088 $381,973,042,886
2014 $201,518,402,787 $424,935,874,745
2013 $191,012,364,177 $409,632,675,289
2012 $176,560,711,239 $392,793,464,942
2011 $168,484,908,960 $368,881,143,635
2010 $146,887,902,524 $307,736,419,333
2009 $121,663,439,315 $253,547,358,747
2008 $133,437,126,590 $315,474,615,739
2007 $137,188,946,866 $257,916,133,424
2006 $111,538,810,713 $222,116,541,865
2005 $114,720,129,550 $180,617,467,965
2004 $103,905,210,084 $147,824,370,320
2003 $88,250,885,550 $124,346,358,067
2002 $66,627,729,311 $109,816,201,498
2001 $53,872,425,917 $103,311,640,572
2000 $52,623,281,957 $104,337,372,362
1999 $58,762,260,626 $84,445,473,111
1998 $56,227,169,851 $75,674,336,283
1997 $66,075,143,415 $78,839,008,445
1996 $70,140,835,299 $73,571,233,996
1995 $63,918,703,507 $65,743,666,576
1994 $55,314,732,279 $59,305,093,980
1993 $46,775,620,817 $55,625,170,253
1992 $41,649,829,860 $54,239,171,888
1991 $42,745,329,732 $51,552,165,622
1990 $45,495,129,385 $50,701,443,748
1989 $43,920,222,525 $41,464,995,914
1988 $45,176,811,594 $36,275,674,203
1987 $40,376,354,070 $36,384,908,744
1986 $30,604,668,357 $33,943,612,095
1985 $24,679,795,396 $40,603,650,232
1984 $21,665,975,319 $41,807,954,236
1983 $24,309,279,706 $42,803,323,345
1982 $24,164,603,059 $46,622,718,605
1981 $24,417,617,184 $49,333,424,135
1980 $23,244,547,385 $43,599,160,050
1979 $20,731,243,113 $31,225,659,621
1978 $18,530,518,395 $23,775,764,225
1977 $15,446,825,318 $24,871,775,165
1976 $13,604,832,424 $19,213,158,779
1975 $12,861,983,284 $14,720,728,249
1974 $13,940,981,798 $11,651,505,689
1973 $12,802,281,898 $4,231,243,616
1972 $9,567,331,065 $1,415,086,929
1971 $7,911,136,757 $939,893,600
1970 $6,495,605,331 $685,986,701
1969 $5,814,357,709 -
1968 $5,228,045,415 -
1967 $6,016,017,227 -
1966 $5,917,437,693 -
1965 $5,706,251,400 -
1964 $7,340,766,415 -
1963 $6,699,741,645 -
1962 $6,133,158,532 -
1961 $5,721,994,864 -
1960 $5,536,098,360 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/new-zealand/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

GDP per capita in New Zealand vs United Arab Emirates by year

New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Arab Emirates
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
New Zealand UAE
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $49,205 $55,551 $50,274 $79,229
2023 $49,076 $54,697 $49,851 $77,955
2022 $49,100 $54,034 $50,760 $75,072
2021 $49,950 $48,249 $44,119 $68,580
2020 $41,998 $45,513 $37,992 $66,791
2019 $42,856 $45,278 $45,939 $79,816
2018 $43,257 $42,527 $47,135 $77,446
2017 $42,950 $42,244 $43,734 $70,282
2016 $40,114 $39,989 $42,721 $69,987
2015 $38,665 $37,513 $44,910 $73,986
2014 $44,618 $37,331 $52,725 $87,478
2013 $43,000 $36,263 $53,247 $87,526
2012 $40,054 $33,055 $53,142 $89,198
2011 $38,432 $32,739 $51,922 $89,665
2010 $33,762 $31,305 $44,795 $85,120
2009 $28,277 $30,746 $37,803 $84,780
2008 $31,325 $29,896 $50,054 $94,628
2007 $32,480 $29,331 $45,855 $100,813
2006 $26,655 $27,732 $44,343 $106,814
2005 $27,751 $25,677 $38,719 $101,301
2004 $25,420 $25,124 $33,377 $98,661
2003 $21,914 $23,996 $29,660 $92,636
2002 $16,874 $23,306 $27,754 $88,467
2001 $13,883 $22,511 $27,745 $90,370
2000 $13,641 $21,500 $29,866 $92,899
1999 $15,322 $20,579 $25,856 $87,658
1998 $14,738 $19,323 $24,889 $90,229
1997 $17,474 $19,100 $27,983 $96,009
1996 $18,794 $18,392 $28,323 $94,620
1995 $17,400 $17,864 $27,003 $93,702
1994 $15,280 $17,108 $25,473 $89,959
1993 $13,094 $15,900 $25,033 $86,330
1992 $11,793 $14,877 $25,648 $87,509
1991 $12,230 $14,501 $25,691 $87,250
1990 $13,663 $14,812 $26,710 $88,455
1989 $13,312 - $23,167 -
1988 $13,759 - $21,570 -
1987 $12,331 - $23,113 -
1986 $9,428 - $23,132 -
1985 $7,601 - $29,468 -
1984 $6,714 - $32,012 -
1983 $7,598 - $34,650 -
1982 $7,656 - $39,972 -
1981 $7,814 - $44,854 -
1980 $7,467 - $42,925 -
1979 $6,668 - $34,238 -
1978 $5,937 - $29,379 -
1977 $4,951 - $35,020 -
1976 $4,374 - $31,197 -
1975 $4,172 - $27,117 -
1974 $4,611 - $23,823 -
1973 $4,323 - $9,696 -
1972 $3,295 - $3,675 -
1971 $2,773 - $2,805 -
1970 $2,311 - $2,394 -
1969 $2,097 - - -
1968 $1,902 - - -
1967 $2,208 - - -
1966 $2,211 - - -
1965 $2,171 - - -
1964 $2,839 - - -
1963 $2,646 - - -
1962 $2,471 - - -
1961 $2,365 - - -
1960 $2,334 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/new-zealand/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

New Zealand's GDP per capita is $49,205, ranking 26/197, compared to $50,274 in the United Arab Emirates, ranking 24/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551, while the United Arab Emirates ranks 16th at $79,229.

Economic indicators

New Zealand UAE
Gross domestic product
$260B
2024
$552B
2024
GDP rank
52/197
2024
27/197
2024
GDP growth
1.29%
2023-2024
3.99%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$49,205
2024
$50,274
2024
GDP per capita rank
26/197
2024
24/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$55,551
2024
$79,229
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
38/197
2024
16/197
2024
Government debt
$131B
2024
$193B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
50.2%
2024
34.9%
2024
Government debt per person
$24,722
2024
$17,568
2024
Government debt per person rank
28/185
2024
36/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,758
2026
$40,522
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$92.9B
2024
$1.05T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
339,000
2025
Number of billionaires
5
2025
6
2025
Income share by richest 10% n/a
20.5%
2018
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
2.8%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
41.9%
2024
21.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.92%
2023-2024
1.7%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
3.65%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.76%
2024
1.88%
2024
Population
5374272
11686438

Spending and national debt comparison by year

New Zealand
Spending

Debt
United Arab Emirates
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
New Zealand UAE
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 41.9% 50.2% 21.4% 34.9%
2023 41.2% 46.9% 22.7% 31.9%
2022 41.8% 46.9% 22.7% 31.5%
2021 41.9% 47.5% 25.9% 35.7%
2020 42% 43.2% 30.5% 30.1%
2019 38.8% 31.8% 27.4% 25.8%
2018 36.1% 28.1% 25.9% 20.7%
2017 35.6% 31.1% 27.2% 21.2%
2016 36.4% 33.3% 31.7% 18.6%
2015 37.2% 34.2% 26.4% 15.6%
2014 37.7% 34.2% 31.4% 13.5%
2013 38.6% 34.5% 28.9% 15.3%
2012 39.7% 35.7% 27.8% 20.2%
2011 42.4% 34.7% 29.6% 20.4%
2010 42.9% 29.6% 30.4% 18.3%
2009 40.3% 24.3% 35% 21.1%
2008 38.5% 19% 22% 8.95%
2007 37.1% 16.3% 17.7% 8.89%
2006 37.9% 18.4% 15.6% 5.05%
2005 37.1% 20.8% 15.7% 4.48%
2004 36.2% 22.5% 17.7% 4.08%
2003 36.7% 24.7% 20% 3.33%
2002 36.8% 26.4% 21.3% 3.43%
2001 37.2% 28.2% 25.2% 2.69%
2000 38.3% 30% 21.8% 3.12%
1999 39.3% 32% 24.3% 4.73%
1998 40.1% 34.5% 25.8% 4.18%
1997 39.3% 34.6% 22.6% 2.86%
1996 39.9% 37.3% 27.6% 3.48%
1995 41.6% 43.5% 26.1% 5.06%
1994 42.8% 48.9% 30.1% 5.58%
1993 46.8% 54.6% 31.5% 6.01%
1992 52.5% 58.7% 29.6% 5.31%
1991 53% 58% 36% 4.97%
1990 49.6% 55.5% - -
1989 47.8% 54.9% - -
1988 46.1% 54.7% - -
1987 46.1% 62.9% - -
1986 46.9% 68.5% - -
1985 46.2% 64.1% - -
1984 40.7% 62.8% - -
1983 41.4% 59.6% - -
1982 39.9% 51.5% - -
1981 39.1% 50.5% - -
1980 38% 52.2% - -
1979 38.4% 52% - -
1978 36.6% 50% - -
1977 30% 44.6% - -
1976 31.6% 47.6% - -
1975 30.1% 41.4% - -
1974 27.3% 39.6% - -
1973 27.1% 44% - -
1972 26.4% 46% - -
1971 26.8% 71.3% - -
1970 24.8% 76.5% - -
1969 25.9% 85.8% - -
1968 26.2% 86.5% - -
1967 26% 59.7% - -
1966 25% 58.2% - -
1965 24.9% 59.6% - -
1964 19.4% 61.8% - -
1963 19.4% 64.5% - -
1962 21.6% 65% - -
1961 21.1% 64.6% - -
1960 25.3% 68.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/new-zealand/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

In 2024, New Zealand's government spending was $109B, accounting for 41.9% of its GDP, while the United Arab Emirates spent $118B, or 21.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 50.2% in New Zealand and 34.9% in the United Arab Emirates, ranking 107/185 and 146/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
New Zealand

United Arab Emirates
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
New Zealand UAE
2024 -3.61% 6.41%
2023 -3.54% 5.82%
2022 -4.16% 9.8%
2021 -3.5% 3.96%
2020 -4.35% -2.42%
2019 -2.5% 2.5%
2018 1.27% 3.65%
2017 1.36% -0.16%
2016 0.98% -2.95%
2015 0.36% -6.35%
2014 -0.34% 1.74%
2013 -1.29% 7.99%
2012 -2.19% 8.59%
2011 -4.96% 5.05%
2010 -5.51% 0.52%
2009 -1.81% -6.13%
2008 1.47% 17.6%
2007 3.6% 17.1%
2006 4.62% 20.2%
2005 5.13% 16%
2004 4.49% 6.4%
2003 3.68% 2.35%
2002 2.55% -1.24%
2001 1.29% 1.21%
2000 0.17% 10.7%
1999 -1.11% 1.31%
1998 -0.48% 1%
1997 1.23% 6.71%
1996 2.58% 0.92%
1995 3.7% 3.58%
1994 1.99% -1.78%
1993 -1.53% -2.89%
1992 -6.27% 3.34%
1991 -6.14% 3.89%
1990 -2.74% -
1989 -2.16% -
1988 -1.88% -
1987 -3.43% -
1986 -5.33% -
1985 -6.97% -
1984 -8.68% -
1983 -6.64% -
1982 -6.26% -
1981 -6.02% -
1980 -4.9% -
1979 -6.55% -
1978 -3.41% -
1977 -1.09% -
1976 -2.07% -
1975 0.11% -
1974 0.03% -
1973 -0.07% -
1972 0.12% -
1971 0.09% -
1970 -0.05% -
1969 0.17% -
1968 0.03% -
1967 0.02% -
1966 0.09% -
1965 0.26% -
1964 -0.08% -
1963 -0.26% -
1962 0.02% -
1961 0.03% -
1960 0.05% -
1959 0.03% -
1958 -0.02% -
1957 0.32% -
1956 1.33% -
1955 0.73% -
1954 0.22% -
1953 0.43% -
1952 1.73% -
1951 1.17% -
1950 0.78% -
1949 0.53% -
1948 0.36% -
1947 1.07% -
1946 0.31% -
1945 0.32% -
1944 0.59% -
1943 1.24% -
1942 0.56% -
1941 0.64% -
1940 0.13% -
1939 0.34% -
1938 0.38% -
1937 0.23% -
1936 0.17% -
1935 1.19% -
1934 -0.55% -
1933 0.02% -
1932 -1.77% -
1931 -1.12% -
1930 0.09% -
1929 -0.37% -
1928 0.12% -
1927 0.4% -
1926 0.72% -
1925 0.78% -
1924 1.2% -
1923 0.95% -
1922 -0.2% -
1921 3.55% -
1920 1.51% -
1919 2.9% -
1918 4.35% -
1917 3.89% -
1916 1.46% -
1915 0.06% -
1914 0.45% -
1913 0.79% -
1912 0.89% -
1911 1.24% -
1910 0.36% -
1909 0.31% -
1908 1.26% -
1907 1.13% -
1906 0.97% -
1905 1.41% -
1904 1.42% -
1903 0.55% -
1902 0.63% -
1901 1.11% -
1900 1.59% -
1899 1.15% -
1898 1.38% -
1897 0.86% -
1896 0.65% -
1895 0.32% -
1894 0.76% -
1893 1.14% -
1892 0.09% -
1891 0.46% -
1890 0.05% -
1889 0.59% -
1888 -1.64% -
1887 -1.63% -
1886 -0.53% -
1885 -0.47% -
1884 -0.1% -
1883 0.38% -
1882 0.18% -
1881 -2.33% -
1880 -2.39% -
1879 -0.55% -
1878 -0.85% -
1877 -2.53% -
1876 -5.28% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/new-zealand/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

In 2024, New Zealand's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.38B, equivalent to 3.61% of GDP. This compares to the United Arab Emirates' surplus of $35.4B, or 6.41% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, New Zealand recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while the United Arab Emirates ran a deficit in 8 years. On average, New Zealand posted an annual deficit equal to 0.38% of GDP, compared to surplus of 4.25% of GDP for the United Arab Emirates.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
New Zealand

United Arab Emirates
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
New Zealand UAE
2024 2.92% 1.7%
2023 5.73% 1.6%
2022 7.17% 4.8%
2021 3.94% -0.1%
2020 1.71% -2.1%
2019 1.62% -1.9%
2018 1.6% 3.1%
2017 1.85% 2%
2016 0.65% 1.6%
2015 0.29% 4.1%
2014 1.23% 2.3%
2013 1.13% 1.1%
2012 1.06% 0.7%
2011 4.03% 0.9%
2010 2.3% 0.9%
2009 2.12% -4.7%
2008 3.96% 12.3%
2007 2.38% 11.1%
2006 3.37% 9.3%
2005 3.04% 6.2%
2004 2.29% 5%
2003 1.75% 3.1%
2002 2.68% 2.9%
2001 2.63% 2.8%
2000 2.62% 1.3%
1999 -0.11% 2.1%
1998 1.27% 2%
1997 1.19% 3%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/new-zealand/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, New Zealand has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.37%, compared with 2.75% in the United Arab Emirates. In 2024, inflation was 2.92% in New Zealand and 1.7% in the United Arab Emirates.

Top exports between countries

New Zealand
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $429M
Machinery & equipment $112M
Transport & tourism services $52.7M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $49.6M
Raw agricultural goods $28.2M
Metals $21.1M
Wood & paper products $9.57M
Precious metals & jewellery $8.06M
Chemicals & pharma $6.57M
Business & finance services $4.8M
UAE
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $37.8M
Machinery & equipment $15.4M
Chemicals & pharma $15.3M
Animal & marine products $14.7M
Precious metals & jewellery $12M
Metals $6.94M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4.89M
Raw materials & minerals $2.83M
Raw agricultural goods $1.72M
Wood & paper products $1.15M

Balance of trade

New Zealand UAE
Current account balance
-$12.1B
2024
$80B
2024
Current account balance ranking
178/190
2024
9/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-4.65%
2024
+14.5%
2024
Goods imports
$47.3B
2024
$400B
2024
Goods exports
$43.3B
2024
$467B
2024
Service imports
$19.5B
2024
$117B
2024
Service exports
$18.9B
2024
$181B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
26.4%
2024
92.2%
2023
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
24.8%
2024
106.8%
2023

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

New Zealand UAE
Economic freedom 77.8 71.9
Economic freedom ranking 13/197 29/197
Property rights 85.4 62.9
Government integrity 90 65.3
Judicial effectiveness 95.9 34.4
Tax burden 66.1 99.9
Government spending 48 85.1
Fiscal health 72.2 97.6
Business freedom 89.1 84.5
Labor freedom 68.6 63.2
Monetary freedom 77.4 81.2
Trade freedom 90.6 78.6
Investment freedom 70 50
Financial freedom 80 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

New Zealand
United Arab Emirates
1x
Year Economic freedom index
New Zealand UAE
2026 77.8 71.9
2025 78.1 71.6
2024 77.8 71.1
2023 78.9 70.9
2022 80.6 70.2
2021 83.9 76.9
2020 84.1 76.2
2019 84.4 77.6
2018 84.2 77.6
2017 83.7 76.9
2016 81.6 72.6
2015 82.1 72.4
2014 81.2 71.4
2013 81.4 71.1
2012 82.1 69.3
2011 82.3 67.8
2010 82.1 67.3
2009 82 64.7
2008 80.7 62.6
2007 81.4 62.6
2006 82 62.2
2005 82.3 65.2
2004 81.5 67.2
2003 81.1 73.4
2002 80.7 73.6
2001 81.1 74.9
2000 80.9 74.2
1999 81.7 71.5
1998 79.2 72.2
1997 79 71.9
1996 78.1 71.6

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/new-zealand/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for New Zealand is 77.8, ranking 13/197, compared to 71.9 for the United Arab Emirates, ranking 29/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

New Zealand UAE
Services, % of GDP
67.4%
2022
54.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
19.6%
2022
44.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
4.57%
2022
0.77%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$252B
2024
$566B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$53,600
2024
$81,530
2024
Total reserves including gold
$22.1B
2024
$238B
2024
Total reserves ranking
59/177
2024
14/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$878M
2024
$31.5B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.76B
2024
$45.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$882M
2024
$77.2B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
19.5%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.5%
2024
26.6%
2023

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/new-zealand/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2018–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.