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Economy of Canada vs United Arab Emirates compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Canada has a GDP of $2.32T compared to $552B for the United Arab Emirates, ranking 10/197 and 31/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.63T in government debt (113.5% of GDP), compared to $193B (34.3% of GDP) in the United Arab Emirates.

Canada vs United Arab Emirates GDP by year

Canada
United Arab Emirates
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada UAE
2025 $2,319,899,772,426 -
2024 $2,270,076,189,683 $552,324,919,096
2023 $2,196,593,836,347 $522,622,268,401
2022 $2,200,562,785,046 $511,403,404,642
2021 $2,022,377,950,897 $422,441,282,436
2020 $1,655,686,966,882 $357,161,776,271
2019 $1,743,728,952,157 $433,926,218,686
2018 $1,725,330,736,238 $440,560,003,161
2017 $1,649,269,496,515 $403,365,056,079
2016 $1,527,996,250,641 $381,717,208,621
2015 $1,556,510,380,200 $381,973,135,513
2014 $1,805,751,688,809 $424,935,834,104
2013 $1,846,583,831,414 $409,632,574,703
2012 $1,828,359,477,072 $392,793,559,051
2011 $1,793,335,727,901 $368,881,033,963
2010 $1,617,349,192,091 $307,736,348,527
2009 $1,374,627,766,600 $253,547,358,747
2008 $1,552,993,439,550 $315,474,615,741
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $257,916,148,767
2006 $1,319,291,255,289 $222,116,532,963
2005 $1,173,118,501,403 $180,617,467,954
2004 $1,026,691,006,918 $147,824,249,958
2003 $895,542,074,085 $124,346,476,180
2002 $760,650,608,552 $109,816,091,079
2001 $738,981,792,355 $103,311,631,797
2000 $744,773,415,932 $104,337,463,730
1999 $678,414,215,521 $84,445,399,335
1998 $633,999,325,918 $75,674,384,205
1997 $654,987,722,086 $78,838,886,862
1996 $630,607,994,133 $73,571,217,377
1995 $605,961,090,061 $65,743,604,966
1994 $579,944,346,807 $59,305,111,228
1993 $579,053,561,739 $55,625,269,485
1992 $594,387,358,319 $54,239,188,746
1991 $612,527,712,316 $51,552,058,250
1990 $596,075,591,361 $50,701,374,187
1989 $567,211,993,243 $41,464,966,302
1988 $509,380,027,627 $36,275,613,877
1987 $433,134,238,311 $36,384,802,310
1986 $379,006,836,992 $33,943,568,481
1985 $366,186,012,450 $40,603,631,079
1984 $356,718,400,124 $41,807,931,453
1983 $341,866,277,183 $42,803,373,390
1982 $314,647,807,409 $46,622,715,281
1981 $307,246,642,756 $49,333,471,895
1980 $274,776,566,028 $43,599,134,193
1979 $243,891,124,296 $31,225,557,022
1978 $219,369,542,386 $23,775,718,541
1977 $212,325,176,305 $24,871,660,292
1976 $207,271,612,576 $19,213,212,475
1975 $174,419,757,177 $14,720,729,969
1974 $160,949,188,139 $11,651,505,689
1973 $131,764,343,566 $4,231,243,616
1972 $113,463,848,874 $1,415,086,929
1971 $99,606,454,744 $939,893,600
1970 $88,192,257,632 $685,986,701
1969 $79,405,011,125 -
1968 $72,048,833,006 -
1967 $65,856,924,424 -
1966 $61,252,415,405 -
1965 $54,649,410,479 -
1964 $49,503,663,836 -
1963 $45,140,337,827 -
1962 $42,336,211,556 -
1961 $41,038,192,838 -
1960 $40,563,768,947 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs United Arab Emirates by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Arab Emirates
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada UAE
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $55,698 - - -
2024 $55,016 $64,610 $50,274 $79,229
2023 $54,848 $64,219 $49,851 $77,955
2022 $56,497 $63,944 $50,760 $75,072
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $44,118 $68,580
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $37,992 $66,791
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $45,939 $79,816
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $47,135 $77,446
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $43,734 $70,282
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $42,721 $69,987
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $44,910 $73,986
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $52,725 $87,478
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $53,247 $87,526
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $53,142 $89,198
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $51,922 $89,665
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $44,795 $85,120
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $37,803 $84,780
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $50,054 $94,628
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $45,855 $100,813
2006 $40,505 $38,123 $44,343 $106,814
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $38,719 $101,301
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $33,377 $98,661
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $29,660 $92,636
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $27,754 $88,467
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $27,745 $90,370
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $29,866 $92,899
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $25,856 $87,658
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $24,889 $90,229
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $27,983 $96,009
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $28,323 $94,620
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $27,003 $93,702
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $25,473 $89,959
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $25,033 $86,330
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $25,648 $87,509
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $25,691 $87,250
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $26,710 $88,455
1989 $20,795 - $23,167 -
1988 $19,013 - $21,570 -
1987 $16,378 - $23,113 -
1986 $14,521 - $23,132 -
1985 $14,170 - $29,468 -
1984 $13,930 - $32,012 -
1983 $13,477 - $34,650 -
1982 $12,527 - $39,972 -
1981 $12,379 - $44,855 -
1980 $11,208 - $42,925 -
1979 $10,078 - $34,238 -
1978 $9,154 - $29,379 -
1977 $8,949 - $35,020 -
1976 $8,839 - $31,197 -
1975 $7,537 - $27,117 -
1974 $7,057 - $23,823 -
1973 $5,858 - $9,696 -
1972 $5,107 - $3,675 -
1971 $4,535 - $2,805 -
1970 $4,136 - $2,394 -
1969 $3,776 - - -
1968 $3,473 - - -
1967 $3,226 - - -
1966 $3,055 - - -
1965 $2,777 - - -
1964 $2,562 - - -
1963 $2,380 - - -
1962 $2,274 - - -
1961 $2,246 - - -
1960 $2,265 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $55,698, ranking 23/197, compared to $50,274 in the United Arab Emirates, ranking 25/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while the United Arab Emirates ranks 16th at $79,229.

Economic indicators

Canada UAE
Gross domestic product
$2.32T
2025
$552B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2025
31/197
2024
GDP growth
1.74%
2024-2025
3.99%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$55,698
2025
$50,274
2024
GDP per capita rank
23/197
2025
25/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$79,229
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
16/197
2024
Government debt
$2.63T
2025
$193B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.5%
2025
34.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$63,220
2025
$17,568
2024
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2025
37/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$36,531
2026
$40,096
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$4.62T
2025
$1.11T
2025
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2026
183,000
2026
Number of billionaires
82
2026
6
2026
Income share by richest 10%
24.6%
2022
20.5%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2022
2.8%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44%
2025
22.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.07%
2024-2025
1.3%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
3.65%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.82%
2025
1.88%
2024
Population
42199836
11885001

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
United Arab Emirates
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada UAE
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 44% 113.5% 22.6% 34.3%
2024 44.3% 110% 21.4% 34.9%
2023 41.8% 105.1% 22.7% 31.9%
2022 40.4% 103.5% 22.7% 31.5%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 25.9% 35.7%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 30.5% 30.1%
2019 40.6% 90.1% 27.4% 25.8%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 25.9% 20.7%
2017 40.5% 91% 27.2% 21.2%
2016 40.8% 92.5% 31.7% 18.6%
2015 40% 92.3% 26.4% 15.6%
2014 38.4% 85.8% 31.4% 13.5%
2013 40% 87.7% 28.9% 15.3%
2012 40.9% 87% 27.8% 20.2%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 29.6% 20.4%
2010 43.1% 84% 30.4% 18.3%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 35% 21.1%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 22% 8.95%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 17.7% 8.89%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 15.6% 5.05%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 15.7% 4.48%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 17.7% 4.08%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 20% 3.33%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 21.3% 3.43%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 25.2% 2.69%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 21.8% 3.12%
1999 41.8% 89% 24.3% 4.73%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 25.8% 4.18%
1997 43.5% 95.3% 22.6% 2.86%
1996 45.9% 100.2% 27.6% 3.48%
1995 47.7% 100.1% 26.1% 5.06%
1994 49% 97.5% 30.1% 5.58%
1993 51.5% 94.7% 31.5% 6.01%
1992 52.5% 88.2% 29.6% 5.31%
1991 51.4% 81.7% 36% 4.97%
1990 48.1% 73.7% - -
1989 45.8% 72.2% - -
1988 45.4% 71.1% - -
1987 46.1% 71.4% - -
1986 47.6% 71% - -
1985 48.3% 66.9% - -
1984 47.5% 61.7% - -
1983 47.9% 58.4% - -
1982 47.3% 52.7% - -
1981 42.5% 46.9% - -
1980 41.6% 45.6% - -
1979 40% 45.3% - -
1978 41.6% 48% - -
1977 41.4% 45.1% - -
1976 40.2% 43.6% - -
1975 41.1% 45.2% - -
1974 37.6% 45.8% - -
1973 36% 48% - -
1972 37.5% 53.5% - -
1971 37.3% 55.3% - -
1970 36% 54.3% - -
1969 33.9% 53% - -
1968 33.8% 55.9% - -
1967 32.9% 56.9% - -
1966 30.8% 56.6% - -
1965 29.8% 60.1% - -
1964 29.7% 63.7% - -
1963 30.3% 67% - -
1962 30.6% 67.2% - -
1961 30.6% 68.2% - -
1960 14.9% 66.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

In 2025, Canada's government spending was $1.02T, accounting for 44% of its GDP, while the United Arab Emirates spent $118B, or 22.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.5% in Canada and 34.3% in the United Arab Emirates, ranking 14/185 and 146/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

United Arab Emirates
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada UAE
2025 -1.77% 5.15%
2024 -2.12% 6.41%
2023 -0.16% 5.82%
2022 0.62% 9.8%
2021 -3.06% 3.96%
2020 -10.9% -2.42%
2019 -0.02% 2.5%
2018 0.36% 3.65%
2017 -0.11% -0.16%
2016 -0.45% -2.95%
2015 -0.06% -6.35%
2014 0.17% 1.74%
2013 -1.49% 7.99%
2012 -2.52% 8.59%
2011 -3.31% 5.05%
2010 -4.74% 0.52%
2009 -3.88% -6.13%
2008 0.18% 17.6%
2007 1.82% 17.1%
2006 1.83% 20.2%
2005 1.55% 16%
2004 0.77% 6.4%
2003 -0.13% 2.35%
2002 -0.23% -1.24%
2001 0.53% 1.21%
2000 2.64% 10.7%
1999 1.66% 1.31%
1998 0.14% 1%
1997 0.04% 6.71%
1996 -3.05% 0.92%
1995 -5.49% 3.58%
1994 -6.94% -1.78%
1993 -8.93% -2.89%
1992 -9.2% 3.34%
1991 -8.36% 3.89%
1990 -5.91% -
1989 -4.6% -
1988 -4.33% -
1987 -5.42% -
1986 -7.14% -
1985 -8.59% -
1984 -7.78% -
1983 -8.17% -
1982 -7.03% -
1981 -2.83% -
1980 -4.07% -
1979 -3.41% -
1978 -4.77% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -2.78% -
1975 -3.54% -
1974 1.1% -
1973 0.6% -
1972 -0.97% -
1971 -1.02% -
1970 -0.36% -
1969 1.2% -
1968 -0.45% -
1967 -0.82% -
1966 -0.07% -
1965 -0.25% -
1964 -0.68% -
1963 -2.31% -
1962 -2.6% -
1961 -2.75% -
1960 -0.85% -
1959 -1.08% -
1958 -1.69% -
1957 -0.11% -
1956 0.77% -
1955 -0.11% -
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $48.2B, equivalent to 2.12% of GDP. This compares to the United Arab Emirates' surplus of $35.4B, or 6.41% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 21 of those years, while the United Arab Emirates ran a deficit in 8 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 1.85% of GDP, compared to surplus of 4.25% of GDP for the United Arab Emirates.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

United Arab Emirates
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada UAE
2025 2.07% 1.3%
2024 2.38% 1.7%
2023 3.88% 1.6%
2022 6.8% 4.8%
2021 3.4% -0.1%
2020 0.72% -2.1%
2019 1.95% -1.9%
2018 2.27% 3.1%
2017 1.6% 2%
2016 1.43% 1.6%
2015 1.13% 4.1%
2014 1.91% 2.3%
2013 0.94% 1.1%
2012 1.52% 0.7%
2011 2.91% 0.9%
2010 1.78% 0.9%
2009 0.3% -4.7%
2008 2.37% 12.3%
2007 2.14% 11.1%
2006 2% 9.3%
2005 2.21% 6.2%
2004 1.86% 5%
2003 2.76% 3.1%
2002 2.26% 2.9%
2001 2.53% 2.8%
2000 2.72% 1.3%
1999 1.73% 2.1%
1998 1% 2%
1997 1.62% 3%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.14%, compared with 2.7% in the United Arab Emirates. In 2025, inflation was 2.07% in Canada and 1.3% in the United Arab Emirates.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.04B
Raw agricultural goods $508M
Textiles & consumer goods $121M
Precious metals & jewellery $106M
Business & finance services $104M
Chemicals & pharma $88.8M
IT & IP services $62.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $45.4M
Miscellaneous $39.9M
Animal & marine products $29.3M
UAE
Export category Export value
Metals $306M
Precious metals & jewellery $283M
Machinery & equipment $219M
Chemicals & pharma $50.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $29.7M
Raw agricultural goods $27.8M
Raw materials & minerals $24.8M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $16.9M
Wood & paper products $3.18M
Miscellaneous $1.44M

Balance of trade

Canada UAE
Current account balance
-$22B
2025
$80B
2024
Current account balance ranking
184/190
2025
9/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.95%
2025
+14.5%
2024
Goods imports
$577B
2025
$400B
2024
Goods exports
$555B
2025
$467B
2024
Service imports
$169B
2025
$117B
2024
Service exports
$172B
2025
$181B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.2%
2025
92.2%
2023
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.3%
2025
106.8%
2023

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada UAE
Economic freedom 75.6 71.9
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 29/197
Property rights 85.9 62.9
Government integrity 85.5 65.3
Judicial effectiveness 96 34.4
Tax burden 74.7 99.9
Government spending 45.9 85.1
Fiscal health 79.7 97.6
Business freedom 84.2 84.5
Labor freedom 68.3 63.2
Monetary freedom 73.8 81.2
Trade freedom 83.2 78.6
Investment freedom 60 50
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
United Arab Emirates
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada UAE
2026 75.6 71.9
2025 75.5 71.6
2024 72.4 71.1
2023 73.7 70.9
2022 76.6 70.2
2021 77.9 76.9
2020 78.2 76.2
2019 77.7 77.6
2018 77.7 77.6
2017 78.5 76.9
2016 78 72.6
2015 79.1 72.4
2014 80.2 71.4
2013 79.4 71.1
2012 79.9 69.3
2011 80.8 67.8
2010 80.4 67.3
2009 80.5 64.7
2008 80.2 62.6
2007 78 62.6
2006 77.4 62.2
2005 75.8 65.2
2004 75.3 67.2
2003 74.8 73.4
2002 74.6 73.6
2001 71.2 74.9
2000 70.5 74.2
1999 69.3 71.5
1998 68.5 72.2
1997 67.9 71.9
1996 70.3 71.6
1995 69.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 71.9 for the United Arab Emirates, ranking 29/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada UAE
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2022
54.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
27.4%
2022
44.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.93%
2022
0.77%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.35T
2025
$566B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$66,820
2025
$81,640
2024
Total reserves including gold
$126B
2025
$292B
2025
Total reserves ranking
26/177
2025
14/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$11.9B
2025
$31.5B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$45.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
$77.2B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
19.5%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2025
26.6%
2023

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.