Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Mongolia

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Mongolia by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Mongolia

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Mongolia
2023	1.31	2.7
2022	1.41	2.7
2021	1.61	2.8
2020	1.58	2.9
2019	1.66	3
2018	1.67	2.9
2017	1.59	2.8
2016	1.6	3
2015	1.58	3
2014	1.54	3.1
2013	1.52	3
2012	1.56	2.7
2011	1.61	2.6
2010	1.72	2.4
2009	1.7	2.8
2008	1.72	2.6
2007	1.69	2.3
2006	1.58	2.1
2005	1.52	2
2004	1.47	2
2003	1.37	2
2002	1.36	2.1
2001	1.32	2.2
2000	1.36	2.2
1999	1.3	2.3
1998	1.28	2.3
1997	1.32	2.4
1996	1.37	2.5
1995	1.38	2.77
1994	1.42	2.7
1993	1.49	2.5
1992	1.71	3.5
1991	1.8	4
1990	2.05	4.5
1989	2.22	4.42
1988	2.27	4.65
1987	2.27	4.83
1986	2.18	5.03
1985	2.13	5.26
1984	2.17	5.45
1983	2.16	5.63
1982	2.07	5.8
1981	2.07	5.98
1980	2.02	6.21
1979	2	6.42
1978	2.02	6.62
1977	2.06	6.79
1976	2.07	6.93
1975	2.04	7.07
1974	2.07	7.17
1973	2.06	7.24
1972	2.13	7.28
1971	2.19	7.3
1970	2.17	7.31
1969	2.13	7.34
1968	2.03	7.37
1967	1.9	7.39
1966	1.87	7.41
1965	1.88	7.38
1964	1.94	7.33
1963	1.89	7.24
1962	1.95	7.1
1961	1.98	6.96
1960	1.98	6.82

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.7 in Mongolia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Mongolia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Mongolia

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Mongolia
2023	-5,070	46,995
2022	-5,665	47,730
2021	-5,324	52,109
2020	-2,659	60,888
2019	-1,327	61,433
2018	-1,322	60,635
2017	-1,713	57,940
2016	-1,316	62,086
2015	-1,315	64,473
2014	-1,972	66,078
2013	-1,713	62,618
2012	-1,455	55,942
2011	-531	50,711
2010	0	44,914
2009	-400	48,876
2008	-668	45,843
2007	-1,608	39,636
2006	-2,559	33,609
2005	-2,981	29,290
2004	-3,679	28,418
2003	-5,072	28,827
2002	-5,380	30,439
2001	-5,830	32,052
2000	-5,309	32,753
1999	-6,117	32,283
1998	-7,208	31,757
1997	-6,018	32,403
1996	-5,662	33,741
1995	-7,327	34,473
1994	-8,044	34,711
1993	-5,976	36,924
1992	-1,993	42,437
1991	-312	47,884
1990	2,825	49,443
1989	5,803	51,420
1988	6,404	51,588
1987	6,829	51,140
1986	6,160	50,329
1985	4,281	49,944
1984	5,163	48,562
1983	5,884	46,919
1982	5,244	45,179
1981	4,612	43,588
1980	3,989	42,343
1979	3,818	41,568
1978	4,088	40,276
1977	4,931	38,995
1976	4,319	37,670
1975	4,717	36,490
1974	5,956	35,297
1973	5,623	33,993
1972	6,267	32,727
1971	7,160	31,536
1970	6,257	30,558
1969	5,515	29,781
1968	5,592	29,017
1967	5,012	28,178
1966	4,842	27,338
1965	5,437	26,364
1964	6,897	25,317
1963	6,043	24,142
1962	6,457	22,960
1961	7,228	21,873
1960	7,511	20,726

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +1.35% in Mongolia.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +1.81% in Mongolia.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Mongolia by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Mongolia

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Mongolia
2023	8	19
2022	8.6	19.5
2021	10	21.6
2020	9.9	23.4
2019	10.6	24.4
2018	10.9	24.5
2017	10.5	23.9
2016	10.7	25.9
2015	10.6	27.1
2014	10.3	28
2013	10.3	27.5
2012	10.6	26
2011	11.1	25.1
2010	11.9	23.1
2009	11.8	24.8
2008	12	23.9
2007	11.8	21.9
2006	11	20
2005	10.6	18.6
2004	10.3	18.4
2003	9.5	18.6
2002	9.4	19.4
2001	9.1	20.3
2000	9.4	20.8
1999	9	21.1
1998	8.8	21.4
1997	9	22.2
1996	9.4	23.3
1995	9.4	24
1994	9.7	24.5
1993	10.2	25.8
1992	11.8	28.8
1991	12.4	31.9
1990	14.2	34.1
1989	15.5	35.3
1988	16	36.4
1987	16.2	37.2
1986	15.7	37.7
1985	15.5	38.5
1984	16	38.7
1983	16	38.6
1982	15.4	38.5
1981	15.4	38.4
1980	15	38.4
1979	14.9	38.7
1978	15	38.9
1977	15.2	39
1976	15.1	39.1
1975	14.9	39.3
1974	15.1	39.5
1973	15.1	39.6
1972	15.6	39.8
1971	16.1	40
1970	15.8	40.4
1969	15.4	40.9
1968	14.9	41.6
1967	14.2	42.3
1966	14.2	43.1
1965	14.6	43.6
1964	15.4	44
1963	15.3	44.2
1962	16.1	44.1
1961	16.5	44.2
1960	16.7	44.1

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 19 in Mongolia, compared with 16.7 and 44.1, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Mongolia

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Mongolia
2100	11.7%	16.3%
2099	11.7%	16.4%
2098	11.8%	16.4%
2097	11.9%	16.5%
2096	11.9%	16.6%
2095	12%	16.7%
2094	12.1%	16.8%
2093	12.2%	16.9%
2092	12.3%	17%
2091	12.4%	17.2%
2090	12.4%	17.3%
2089	12.5%	17.4%
2088	12.5%	17.6%
2087	12.6%	17.7%
2086	12.6%	17.9%
2085	12.6%	18%
2084	12.5%	18.1%
2083	12.5%	18.2%
2082	12.4%	18.3%
2081	12.3%	18.4%
2080	12.3%	18.5%
2079	12.2%	18.6%
2078	12.1%	18.6%
2077	12%	18.7%
2076	11.9%	18.7%
2075	11.8%	18.7%
2074	11.7%	18.7%
2073	11.7%	18.8%
2072	11.6%	18.8%
2071	11.6%	18.9%
2070	11.6%	18.9%
2069	11.6%	19%
2068	11.7%	19.1%
2067	11.7%	19.3%
2066	11.8%	19.4%
2065	11.9%	19.6%
2064	12.1%	19.8%
2063	12.2%	20.1%
2062	12.4%	20.4%
2061	12.5%	20.7%
2060	12.7%	21%
2059	12.8%	21.3%
2058	12.9%	21.6%
2057	13%	21.9%
2056	13.1%	22.2%
2055	13.2%	22.5%
2054	13.2%	22.7%
2053	13.2%	23%
2052	13.2%	23.1%
2051	13.1%	23.3%
2050	13%	23.3%
2049	12.9%	23.4%
2048	12.8%	23.4%
2047	12.7%	23.3%
2046	12.5%	23.3%
2045	12.4%	23.2%
2044	12.3%	23.1%
2043	12.1%	23%
2042	12%	22.9%
2041	11.9%	22.8%
2040	11.9%	22.8%
2039	11.8%	22.9%
2038	11.8%	23%
2037	11.9%	23.3%
2036	12.1%	23.6%
2035	12.3%	24%
2034	12.6%	24.6%
2033	12.9%	25.2%
2032	13.2%	25.9%
2031	13.6%	26.8%
2030	13.9%	27.8%
2029	14.2%	28.8%
2028	14.4%	29.7%
2027	14.7%	30.5%
2026	15%	31.2%
2025	15.5%	31.9%
2024	15.6%	32.2%
2023	16%	32.6%
2022	16.2%	32.9%
2021	16.4%	32.9%
2020	16.4%	32.8%
2019	16.4%	32.3%
2018	16.4%	31.6%
2017	16.3%	30.9%
2016	16.2%	30.2%
2015	16%	29.5%
2014	15.9%	28.9%
2013	15.7%	28.5%
2012	15.6%	28.1%
2011	15.4%	28%
2010	15.2%	27.9%
2009	15%	27.9%
2008	14.9%	28.1%
2007	14.9%	28.5%
2006	15%	29.1%
2005	15.2%	29.9%
2004	15.6%	30.8%
2003	16.1%	31.8%
2002	16.6%	32.9%
2001	17.2%	34.1%
2000	17.6%	35.2%
1999	18.4%	36.2%
1998	19.2%	37%
1997	19.8%	37.8%
1996	20.3%	38.4%
1995	20.7%	39%
1994	21.1%	39.5%
1993	21.4%	40%
1992	21.8%	40.5%
1991	22.1%	41%
1990	22.3%	41.4%
1989	22.3%	41.7%
1988	22.2%	41.8%
1987	22.2%	42%
1986	22.1%	42.1%
1985	22.1%	42.3%
1984	22.1%	42.5%
1983	22%	42.7%
1982	21.9%	43%
1981	21.8%	43.3%
1980	21.7%	43.7%
1979	21.6%	44.1%
1978	21.5%	44.5%
1977	21.5%	44.8%
1976	21.6%	45.2%
1975	21.6%	45.4%
1974	21.8%	45.6%
1973	21.9%	45.8%
1972	22%	45.8%
1971	22%	45.8%
1970	22.1%	45.6%
1969	22.1%	45.4%
1968	22.2%	44.9%
1967	22.3%	44.2%
1966	22.6%	43.3%
1965	22.8%	42.4%
1964	23%	41.4%
1963	23.2%	40.4%
1962	23.3%	39.6%
1961	23.3%	38.8%
1960	23.1%	38.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 32.2% in Mongolia in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 41.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Mongolia compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Mongolia

Chart Table

Estonia

Mongolia

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Mongolia
2023	5	41
2022	7	41
2021	8	63
2020	6	47
2019	6	45
2018	5	45
2017	5	45
2016	7	48
2015	6	52
2014	7	56
2013	6	59
2012	8	63
2011	9	67
2010	8	71
2009	10	75
2008	11	77
2007	13	81
2006	13	90
2005	15	99
2004	15	108
2003	18	114
2002	22	120
2001	25	130
2000	27	144
1999	28	162
1998	32	174
1997	31	180
1996	36	178
1995	45	176
1994	60	178
1993	46	181
1992	40	199
1991	42	227
1990	44	276
1989	48	311
1988	43	335
1987	42	341
1986	46	346
1985	56	352

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 41 deaths in Mongolia.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Mongolia

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Mongolia
2023	0.21%	1.36%
2022	0.22%	1.39%
2021	0.23%	1.43%
2020	0.24%	1.48%
2019	0.25%	1.56%
2018	0.27%	1.64%
2017	0.28%	1.74%
2016	0.3%	1.84%
2015	0.32%	1.94%
2014	0.34%	2.04%
2013	0.36%	2.15%
2012	0.39%	2.28%
2011	0.42%	2.44%
2010	0.46%	2.63%
2009	0.5%	2.85%
2008	0.54%	3.11%
2007	0.59%	3.39%
2006	0.65%	3.71%
2005	0.71%	4.07%
2004	0.78%	4.45%
2003	0.85%	4.87%
2002	0.93%	5.32%
2001	1.01%	5.8%
2000	1.1%	6.29%
1999	1.2%	6.78%
1998	1.29%	7.27%
1997	1.39%	7.74%
1996	1.48%	8.19%
1995	1.57%	8.6%
1994	1.64%	9%
1993	1.69%	9.39%
1992	1.73%	9.78%
1991	1.75%	10.2%
1990	1.77%	10.7%
1989	1.79%	11.1%
1988	1.81%	11.7%
1987	1.83%	12.2%
1986	1.86%	12.8%
1985	1.91%	13.4%
1984	1.96%	13.9%
1983	2.02%	14.4%
1982	2.09%	15%
1981	2.16%	15.5%
1980	2.24%	16.1%
1979	-	16.7%
1978	-	17.3%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 1.36% in Mongolia. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.