Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Malawi

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Malawi by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Malawi

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Malawi
2023	1.31	3.65
2022	1.41	3.72
2021	1.61	3.79
2020	1.58	3.88
2019	1.66	3.95
2018	1.67	4.02
2017	1.59	4.11
2016	1.6	4.22
2015	1.58	4.38
2014	1.54	4.57
2013	1.52	4.76
2012	1.56	4.9
2011	1.61	5.08
2010	1.72	5.26
2009	1.7	5.45
2008	1.72	5.61
2007	1.69	5.72
2006	1.58	5.8
2005	1.52	5.85
2004	1.47	5.86
2003	1.37	5.88
2002	1.36	5.9
2001	1.32	5.94
2000	1.36	6
1999	1.3	6.12
1998	1.28	6.21
1997	1.32	6.23
1996	1.37	6.29
1995	1.38	6.39
1994	1.42	6.49
1993	1.49	6.57
1992	1.71	6.63
1991	1.8	6.68
1990	2.05	6.74
1989	2.22	6.8
1988	2.27	6.88
1987	2.27	6.97
1986	2.18	7.07
1985	2.13	7.17
1984	2.17	7.27
1983	2.16	7.36
1982	2.07	7.45
1981	2.07	7.49
1980	2.02	7.52
1979	2	7.47
1978	2.02	7.43
1977	2.06	7.41
1976	2.07	7.39
1975	2.04	7.36
1974	2.07	7.34
1973	2.06	7.34
1972	2.13	7.33
1971	2.19	7.31
1970	2.17	7.3
1969	2.13	7.27
1968	2.03	7.26
1967	1.9	7.21
1966	1.87	7.17
1965	1.88	7.13
1964	1.94	7.11
1963	1.89	7.13
1962	1.95	7.1
1961	1.98	7.07
1960	1.98	7.04

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.65 in Malawi in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Malawi population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Malawi

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Malawi
2023	-5,070	549,096
2022	-5,665	533,450
2021	-5,324	517,400
2020	-2,659	514,659
2019	-1,327	506,104
2018	-1,322	494,348
2017	-1,713	484,655
2016	-1,316	474,779
2015	-1,315	472,484
2014	-1,972	472,418
2013	-1,713	470,293
2012	-1,455	460,684
2011	-531	454,149
2010	0	444,468
2009	-400	434,811
2008	-668	421,781
2007	-1,608	410,290
2006	-2,559	397,123
2005	-2,981	381,130
2004	-3,679	361,133
2003	-5,072	341,133
2002	-5,380	322,863
2001	-5,830	310,833
2000	-5,309	300,439
1999	-6,117	295,629
1998	-7,208	285,407
1997	-6,018	277,433
1996	-5,662	270,048
1995	-7,327	266,745
1994	-8,044	275,439
1993	-5,976	276,538
1992	-1,993	269,066
1991	-312	260,193
1990	2,825	250,159
1989	5,803	237,967
1988	6,404	226,911
1987	6,829	220,566
1986	6,160	218,519
1985	4,281	216,179
1984	5,163	212,146
1983	5,884	209,422
1982	5,244	205,386
1981	4,612	199,436
1980	3,989	192,746
1979	3,818	182,123
1978	4,088	172,503
1977	4,931	161,930
1976	4,319	153,422
1975	4,717	145,254
1974	5,956	137,819
1973	5,623	131,529
1972	6,267	125,728
1971	7,160	121,015
1970	6,257	116,822
1969	5,515	113,120
1968	5,592	110,329
1967	5,012	106,668
1966	4,842	103,512
1965	5,437	100,040
1964	6,897	97,658
1963	6,043	95,933
1962	6,457	92,463
1961	7,228	89,091
1960	7,511	85,718

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +2.6% in Malawi.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +2.67% in Malawi.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Malawi by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Malawi

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Malawi
2023	8	31.4
2022	8.6	31.7
2021	10	32.1
2020	9.9	32.5
2019	10.6	32.9
2018	10.9	33.2
2017	10.5	33.7
2016	10.7	34.2
2015	10.6	35.3
2014	10.3	36.5
2013	10.3	37.7
2012	10.6	38.6
2011	11.1	39.7
2010	11.9	40.7
2009	11.8	41.7
2008	12	42.6
2007	11.8	43.3
2006	11	43.8
2005	10.6	44
2004	10.3	44
2003	9.5	43.9
2002	9.4	44
2001	9.1	44.2
2000	9.4	44.6
1999	9	45.4
1998	8.8	45.9
1997	9	46
1996	9.4	46.2
1995	9.4	46.8
1994	9.7	48.4
1993	10.2	48.4
1992	11.8	48.1
1991	12.4	48.4
1990	14.2	48.4
1989	15.5	48.5
1988	16	48.8
1987	16.2	48.6
1986	15.7	49.8
1985	15.5	50.4
1984	16	50.8
1983	16	51.4
1982	15.4	52
1981	15.4	52.4
1980	15	52.7
1979	14.9	52.4
1978	15	52.4
1977	15.2	52.4
1976	15.1	52.6
1975	14.9	52.7
1974	15.1	52.9
1973	15.1	53.2
1972	15.6	53.5
1971	16.1	53.7
1970	15.8	54
1969	15.4	54.1
1968	14.9	54.4
1967	14.2	54.3
1966	14.2	54.3
1965	14.6	54.1
1964	15.4	54.2
1963	15.3	54.4
1962	16.1	54.2
1961	16.5	54
1960	16.7	53.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 31.4 in Malawi, compared with 16.7 and 53.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Malawi

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Malawi
2100	11.7%	19.9%
2099	11.7%	20%
2098	11.8%	20.2%
2097	11.9%	20.3%
2096	11.9%	20.4%
2095	12%	20.6%
2094	12.1%	20.7%
2093	12.2%	20.9%
2092	12.3%	21%
2091	12.4%	21.2%
2090	12.4%	21.3%
2089	12.5%	21.5%
2088	12.5%	21.6%
2087	12.6%	21.8%
2086	12.6%	22%
2085	12.6%	22.1%
2084	12.5%	22.3%
2083	12.5%	22.5%
2082	12.4%	22.7%
2081	12.3%	22.9%
2080	12.3%	23.1%
2079	12.2%	23.2%
2078	12.1%	23.4%
2077	12%	23.6%
2076	11.9%	23.8%
2075	11.8%	24.1%
2074	11.7%	24.3%
2073	11.7%	24.5%
2072	11.6%	24.7%
2071	11.6%	24.9%
2070	11.6%	25.2%
2069	11.6%	25.4%
2068	11.7%	25.6%
2067	11.7%	25.9%
2066	11.8%	26.1%
2065	11.9%	26.3%
2064	12.1%	26.6%
2063	12.2%	26.8%
2062	12.4%	27.1%
2061	12.5%	27.3%
2060	12.7%	27.6%
2059	12.8%	27.9%
2058	12.9%	28.1%
2057	13%	28.4%
2056	13.1%	28.7%
2055	13.2%	29%
2054	13.2%	29.3%
2053	13.2%	29.6%
2052	13.2%	29.9%
2051	13.1%	30.3%
2050	13%	30.6%
2049	12.9%	31%
2048	12.8%	31.4%
2047	12.7%	31.7%
2046	12.5%	32.1%
2045	12.4%	32.5%
2044	12.3%	32.9%
2043	12.1%	33.3%
2042	12%	33.7%
2041	11.9%	34%
2040	11.9%	34.4%
2039	11.8%	34.8%
2038	11.8%	35.1%
2037	11.9%	35.5%
2036	12.1%	35.9%
2035	12.3%	36.2%
2034	12.6%	36.5%
2033	12.9%	36.9%
2032	13.2%	37.2%
2031	13.6%	37.5%
2030	13.9%	37.9%
2029	14.2%	38.3%
2028	14.4%	38.8%
2027	14.7%	39.3%
2026	15%	39.9%
2025	15.5%	40.4%
2024	15.6%	40.7%
2023	16%	41.3%
2022	16.2%	41.9%
2021	16.4%	42.5%
2020	16.4%	43.1%
2019	16.4%	43.7%
2018	16.4%	44.2%
2017	16.3%	44.6%
2016	16.2%	45.1%
2015	16%	45.4%
2014	15.9%	45.7%
2013	15.7%	46%
2012	15.6%	46.1%
2011	15.4%	46.2%
2010	15.2%	46.2%
2009	15%	46.2%
2008	14.9%	46.1%
2007	14.9%	46.1%
2006	15%	46.1%
2005	15.2%	46%
2004	15.6%	46%
2003	16.1%	46.1%
2002	16.6%	46.1%
2001	17.2%	46.1%
2000	17.6%	46.2%
1999	18.4%	46.2%
1998	19.2%	46.2%
1997	19.8%	46.2%
1996	20.3%	46.2%
1995	20.7%	46.1%
1994	21.1%	46.1%
1993	21.4%	46%
1992	21.8%	45.8%
1991	22.1%	45.6%
1990	22.3%	45.4%
1989	22.3%	45.2%
1988	22.2%	45%
1987	22.2%	45.1%
1986	22.1%	45.4%
1985	22.1%	45.4%
1984	22.1%	45.5%
1983	22%	45.5%
1982	21.9%	45.4%
1981	21.8%	45.4%
1980	21.7%	45.4%
1979	21.6%	45.3%
1978	21.5%	45.3%
1977	21.5%	45.3%
1976	21.6%	45.2%
1975	21.6%	45.2%
1974	21.8%	45.1%
1973	21.9%	44.9%
1972	22%	44.8%
1971	22%	44.6%
1970	22.1%	44.4%
1969	22.1%	44.2%
1968	22.2%	43.9%
1967	22.3%	43.7%
1966	22.6%	43.4%
1965	22.8%	43.2%
1964	23%	43%
1963	23.2%	42.9%
1962	23.3%	42.8%
1961	23.3%	42.9%
1960	23.1%	43.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 40.7% in Malawi in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 45.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Malawi compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Malawi

Chart Table

Estonia

Malawi

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Malawi
2023	5	225
2022	7	239
2021	8	286
2020	6	256
2019	6	260
2018	5	267
2017	5	284
2016	7	312
2015	6	354
2014	7	367
2013	6	410
2012	8	447
2011	9	486
2010	8	517
2009	10	512
2008	11	430
2007	13	333
2006	13	286
2005	15	283
2004	15	304
2003	18	346
2002	22	404
2001	25	447
2000	27	506
1999	28	576
1998	32	658
1997	31	672
1996	36	713
1995	45	782
1994	60	912
1993	46	1,000
1992	40	1,042
1991	42	1,080
1990	44	1,112
1989	48	1,136
1988	43	1,154
1987	42	1,123
1986	46	1,118
1985	56	1,115

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 225 deaths in Malawi.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Malawi

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Malawi
2023	0.21%	3.83%
2022	0.22%	3.99%
2021	0.23%	4.15%
2020	0.24%	4.31%
2019	0.25%	4.55%
2018	0.27%	4.75%
2017	0.28%	5.06%
2016	0.3%	5.35%
2015	0.32%	5.67%
2014	0.34%	6.02%
2013	0.36%	6.4%
2012	0.39%	6.98%
2011	0.42%	7.67%
2010	0.46%	8.3%
2009	0.5%	8.81%
2008	0.54%	9.31%
2007	0.59%	9.83%
2006	0.65%	10.3%
2005	0.71%	11%
2004	0.78%	11.9%
2003	0.85%	13.2%
2002	0.93%	14.6%
2001	1.01%	16%
2000	1.1%	17.3%
1999	1.2%	18.4%
1998	1.29%	19.2%
1997	1.39%	19.7%
1996	1.48%	20.2%
1995	1.57%	20.7%
1994	1.64%	21.3%
1993	1.69%	22%
1992	1.73%	22.8%
1991	1.75%	23.6%
1990	1.77%	24.3%
1989	1.79%	24.9%
1988	1.81%	25.3%
1987	1.83%	25.5%
1986	1.86%	25.4%
1985	1.91%	25.1%
1984	1.96%	24.8%
1983	2.02%	24.5%
1982	2.09%	24.5%
1981	2.16%	24.9%
1980	2.24%	25.6%
1979	-	26.5%
1978	-	27.6%
1977	-	28.7%
1976	-	29.7%
1975	-	30.6%
1974	-	31.5%
1973	-	32.4%
1972	-	33.2%
1971	-	33.9%
1970	-	34.4%
1969	-	34.7%
1968	-	35%
1967	-	35.1%
1966	-	35.3%
1965	-	35.4%
1964	-	35.5%
1963	-	35.7%
1962	-	35.8%
1961	-	35.9%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 3.83% in Malawi. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.