Fertility & birth rates in East Timor and Mongolia

Fertility rate in East Timor vs Mongolia chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in East Timor was 2.71 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.7 in Mongolia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check East Timor vs Mongolia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	East Timor	Mongolia
1960	6.32	6.82
1961	6.27	6.96
1962	6.22	7.1
1963	6.16	7.24
1964	6.08	7.33
1965	6.01	7.38
1966	5.93	7.41
1967	5.86	7.39
1968	5.79	7.37
1969	5.72	7.34
1970	5.66	7.31
1971	5.58	7.3
1972	5.49	7.28
1973	5.39	7.24
1974	5.29	7.17
1975	5.19	7.07
1976	5.12	6.93
1977	5.09	6.79
1978	5.09	6.62
1979	5.14	6.42
1980	5.22	6.21
1981	5.53	5.98
1982	5.56	5.8
1983	5.59	5.63
1984	5.61	5.45
1985	5.65	5.26
1986	5.67	5.03
1987	5.68	4.83
1988	5.72	4.65
1989	5.76	4.42
1990	5.81	4.5
1991	5.84	4
1992	5.87	3.5
1993	5.88	2.5
1994	5.91	2.7
1995	5.94	2.77
1996	5.94	2.5
1997	5.96	2.4
1998	5.96	2.3
1999	5.97	2.3
2000	5.93	2.2
2001	5.92	2.2
2002	5.9	2.1
2003	5.85	2
2004	5.74	2
2005	5.61	2
2006	5.47	2.1
2007	5.33	2.3
2008	5.17	2.6
2009	4.99	2.8
2010	4.82	2.4
2011	4.61	2.6
2012	4.4	2.7
2013	4.21	3
2014	4	3.1
2015	3.78	3
2016	3.58	3
2017	3.4	2.8
2018	3.24	2.9
2019	3.12	3
2020	3.01	2.9
2021	2.89	2.8
2022	2.8	2.7
2023	2.71	2.7
2024	2.63	2.65
2025	2.56	2.6
2026	2.5	2.55
2027	2.45	2.51
2028	2.4	2.47
2029	2.36	2.44
2030	2.32	2.4
2031	2.29	2.37
2032	2.25	2.34
2033	2.22	2.31
2034	2.19	2.29
2035	2.17	2.26
2036	2.14	2.23
2037	2.12	2.21
2038	2.09	2.19
2039	2.07	2.17
2040	2.05	2.15
2041	2.03	2.13
2042	2.02	2.11
2043	2	2.09
2044	1.99	2.08
2045	1.97	2.06
2046	1.96	2.05
2047	1.95	2.04
2048	1.94	2.02
2049	1.93	2.01
2050	1.92	2

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	East Timor	Mongolia
1960	40.1%	38.1%
1961	39.7%	38.8%
1962	39.3%	39.6%
1963	39%	40.4%
1964	38.8%	41.4%
1965	38.7%	42.4%
1966	38.9%	43.3%
1967	39.1%	44.2%
1968	39.3%	44.9%
1969	39.5%	45.4%
1970	39.6%	45.6%
1971	39.7%	45.8%
1972	39.7%	45.8%
1973	39.8%	45.8%
1974	39.7%	45.6%
1975	39.4%	45.4%
1976	39%	45.2%
1977	38.5%	44.8%
1978	38%	44.5%
1979	37.5%	44.1%
1980	37.4%	43.7%
1981	37.8%	43.3%
1982	38.4%	43%
1983	38.8%	42.7%
1984	39.3%	42.5%
1985	39.7%	42.3%
1986	40.2%	42.1%
1987	40.7%	42%
1988	41.3%	41.8%
1989	41.9%	41.7%
1990	42.2%	41.4%
1991	42.4%	41%
1992	42.6%	40.5%
1993	42.7%	40%
1994	42.9%	39.5%
1995	43%	39%
1996	43%	38.4%
1997	43%	37.8%
1998	42.9%	37%
1999	42.7%	36.2%
2000	42.6%	35.2%
2001	42.5%	34.1%
2002	42.4%	32.9%
2003	42.2%	31.8%
2004	42%	30.8%
2005	42.1%	29.9%
2006	42.2%	29.1%
2007	42.3%	28.5%
2008	42.1%	28.1%
2009	41.9%	27.9%
2010	41.6%	27.9%
2011	41.3%	28%
2012	40.9%	28.1%
2013	40.4%	28.5%
2014	39.8%	28.9%
2015	39.1%	29.5%
2016	38.4%	30.2%
2017	37.8%	30.9%
2018	37.2%	31.6%
2019	36.6%	32.3%
2020	36%	32.8%
2021	35.4%	32.9%
2022	34.8%	32.9%
2023	34.2%	32.6%
2024	33.7%	32.2%
2025	33.1%	31.6%
2026	32.6%	30.9%
2027	32.1%	30.1%
2028	31.6%	29.2%
2029	31%	28.2%
2030	30.4%	27.3%
2031	29.8%	26.3%
2032	29.2%	25.6%
2033	28.7%	24.9%
2034	28.1%	24.3%
2035	27.6%	23.8%
2036	27.2%	23.4%
2037	26.9%	23.1%
2038	26.7%	23%
2039	26.4%	22.9%
2040	26.2%	22.8%
2041	25.9%	22.9%
2042	25.6%	22.9%
2043	25.4%	23%
2044	25.1%	23.1%
2045	24.8%	23.2%
2046	24.5%	23.3%
2047	24.1%	23.4%
2048	23.8%	23.4%
2049	23.5%	23.4%
2050	23.1%	23.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 33.7% of the population in East Timor and 32.2% in Mongolia in 2024, compared to 42.2% and 41.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of East Timor and Mongolia compared.

Natural population change in East Timor vs Mongolia by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.7% in East Timor and +1.81% in Mongolia. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	East Timor	Mongolia
1960	7,012	20,726
1961	7,330	21,873
1962	7,639	22,960
1963	7,938	24,142
1964	8,235	25,317
1965	8,526	26,364
1966	8,810	27,338
1967	9,089	28,178
1968	9,356	29,017
1969	9,611	29,781
1970	9,824	30,558
1971	9,964	31,536
1972	10,030	32,727
1973	10,033	33,993
1974	8,405	35,297
1975	-1,062	36,490
1976	783	37,670
1977	296	38,995
1978	-1,000	40,276
1979	987	41,568
1980	6,940	42,343
1981	9,336	43,588
1982	9,579	45,179
1983	9,686	46,919
1984	10,922	48,562
1985	10,788	49,944
1986	11,062	50,329
1987	11,945	51,140
1988	12,118	51,588
1989	17,758	51,420
1990	18,343	49,443
1991	18,605	47,884
1992	19,880	42,437
1993	20,770	36,924
1994	21,746	34,711
1995	21,962	34,473
1996	22,703	33,741
1997	23,501	32,403
1998	23,590	31,757
1999	21,871	32,283
2000	21,579	32,753
2001	23,314	32,052
2002	25,410	30,439
2003	26,900	28,827
2004	26,751	28,418
2005	26,412	29,290
2006	26,221	33,609
2007	26,074	39,636
2008	25,888	45,843
2009	25,696	48,876
2010	25,515	44,914
2011	25,237	50,711
2012	24,890	55,942
2013	24,538	62,618
2014	24,040	66,078
2015	23,391	64,473
2016	22,778	62,086
2017	22,145	57,940
2018	21,650	60,635
2019	21,307	61,433
2020	21,166	60,888
2021	20,101	52,109
2022	20,625	47,730
2023	20,495	46,995

Maternal mortality chart: East Timor vs Mongolia

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 192 deaths per 100,000 live births in East Timor, compared to 41 deaths in Mongolia.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	East Timor	Mongolia
1985	1,916	352
1986	1,860	346
1987	1,763	341
1988	1,743	335
1989	1,511	311
1990	1,477	276
1991	1,439	227
1992	1,368	199
1993	1,308	181
1994	1,254	178
1995	1,239	176
1996	1,193	178
1997	1,166	180
1998	1,157	174
1999	1,488	162
2000	796	144
2001	761	130
2002	724	120
2003	714	114
2004	683	108
2005	648	99
2006	600	90
2007	559	81
2008	518	77
2009	477	75
2010	439	71
2011	404	67
2012	374	63
2013	349	59
2014	327	56
2015	305	52
2016	287	48
2017	269	45
2018	251	45
2019	237	45
2020	257	47
2021	263	63
2022	235	41
2023	192	41

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 5% in East Timor and 1.36% in Mongolia. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	East Timor	Mongolia
1978	-	17.3%
1979	-	16.7%
1980	-	16.1%
1981	-	15.5%
1982	-	15%
1983	-	14.4%
1984	-	13.9%
1985	27.1%	13.4%
1986	26.3%	12.8%
1987	24.4%	12.2%
1988	24.1%	11.7%
1989	23%	11.1%
1990	22.5%	10.7%
1991	22.2%	10.2%
1992	21.1%	9.78%
1993	20%	9.39%
1994	19.2%	9%
1995	19.3%	8.6%
1996	18.5%	8.19%
1997	17.7%	7.74%
1998	18%	7.27%
1999	19.4%	6.78%
2000	11.1%	6.29%
2001	10.6%	5.8%
2002	10.1%	5.32%
2003	9.61%	4.87%
2004	9.17%	4.45%
2005	8.75%	4.07%
2006	8.36%	3.71%
2007	8.01%	3.39%
2008	7.68%	3.11%
2009	7.38%	2.85%
2010	7.11%	2.63%
2011	6.86%	2.44%
2012	6.63%	2.28%
2013	6.42%	2.15%
2014	6.23%	2.04%
2015	6.06%	1.94%
2016	5.91%	1.84%
2017	5.78%	1.74%
2018	5.66%	1.64%
2019	5.55%	1.56%
2020	5.42%	1.48%
2021	5.28%	1.43%
2022	5.14%	1.39%
2023	5%	1.36%