Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Eswatini

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Eswatini by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Eswatini

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Eswatini
2023	1.31	2.75
2022	1.41	2.8
2021	1.61	2.84
2020	1.58	2.89
2019	1.66	2.93
2018	1.67	2.97
2017	1.59	3.02
2016	1.6	3.07
2015	1.58	3.12
2014	1.54	3.18
2013	1.52	3.24
2012	1.56	3.27
2011	1.61	3.32
2010	1.72	3.38
2009	1.7	3.5
2008	1.72	3.57
2007	1.69	3.58
2006	1.58	3.63
2005	1.52	3.7
2004	1.47	3.76
2003	1.37	3.8
2002	1.36	3.85
2001	1.32	3.94
2000	1.36	4.03
1999	1.3	4.09
1998	1.28	4.13
1997	1.32	4.24
1996	1.37	4.38
1995	1.38	4.52
1994	1.42	4.66
1993	1.49	4.82
1992	1.71	4.98
1991	1.8	5.13
1990	2.05	5.3
1989	2.22	5.48
1988	2.27	5.69
1987	2.27	5.9
1986	2.18	6.11
1985	2.13	6.28
1984	2.17	6.36
1983	2.16	6.43
1982	2.07	6.49
1981	2.07	6.54
1980	2.02	6.57
1979	2	6.61
1978	2.02	6.65
1977	2.06	6.68
1976	2.07	6.7
1975	2.04	6.71
1974	2.07	6.71
1973	2.06	6.72
1972	2.13	6.72
1971	2.19	6.74
1970	2.17	6.75
1969	2.13	6.76
1968	2.03	6.76
1967	1.9	6.77
1966	1.87	6.8
1965	1.88	6.79
1964	1.94	6.79
1963	1.89	6.8
1962	1.95	6.79
1961	1.98	6.77
1960	1.98	6.75

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.75 in Eswatini in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Eswatini population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Eswatini

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Eswatini
2023	-5,070	20,147
2022	-5,665	20,125
2021	-5,324	17,314
2020	-2,659	18,899
2019	-1,327	19,488
2018	-1,322	19,392
2017	-1,713	19,278
2016	-1,316	19,233
2015	-1,315	19,223
2014	-1,972	19,107
2013	-1,713	18,903
2012	-1,455	18,308
2011	-531	17,645
2010	0	17,652
2009	-400	17,656
2008	-668	17,275
2007	-1,608	16,595
2006	-2,559	16,133
2005	-2,981	15,945
2004	-3,679	15,979
2003	-5,072	16,396
2002	-5,380	16,924
2001	-5,830	17,824
2000	-5,309	18,830
1999	-6,117	19,420
1998	-7,208	19,762
1997	-6,018	20,686
1996	-5,662	21,858
1995	-7,327	23,029
1994	-8,044	26,703
1993	-5,976	28,046
1992	-1,993	28,446
1991	-312	28,497
1990	2,825	28,349
1989	5,803	28,257
1988	6,404	27,396
1987	6,829	27,285
1986	6,160	27,096
1985	4,281	26,835
1984	5,163	26,149
1983	5,884	24,883
1982	5,244	24,742
1981	4,612	23,973
1980	3,989	23,153
1979	3,818	22,299
1978	4,088	21,466
1977	4,931	20,609
1976	4,319	19,734
1975	4,717	18,849
1974	5,956	17,971
1973	5,623	17,145
1972	6,267	16,353
1971	7,160	15,615
1970	6,257	14,873
1969	5,515	14,164
1968	5,592	13,449
1967	5,012	12,773
1966	4,842	12,282
1965	5,437	11,719
1964	6,897	11,266
1963	6,043	10,929
1962	6,457	10,601
1961	7,228	10,262
1960	7,511	9,947

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +1.64% in Eswatini.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +1.63% in Eswatini.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Eswatini by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Eswatini

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Eswatini
2023	8	24.1
2022	8.6	24.6
2021	10	25
2020	9.9	25.4
2019	10.6	25.9
2018	10.9	26.4
2017	10.5	26.9
2016	10.7	27.6
2015	10.6	28.3
2014	10.3	29
2013	10.3	29.6
2012	10.6	30
2011	11.1	30.4
2010	11.9	30.9
2009	11.8	31.9
2008	12	32.3
2007	11.8	32.2
2006	11	32.2
2005	10.6	32.5
2004	10.3	32.6
2003	9.5	32.3
2002	9.4	32.2
2001	9.1	32.4
2000	9.4	32.6
1999	9	32.5
1998	8.8	32.2
1997	9	32.4
1996	9.4	33.1
1995	9.4	34
1994	9.7	37.3
1993	10.2	37.9
1992	11.8	38.7
1991	12.4	39.5
1990	14.2	40.4
1989	15.5	41.6
1988	16	42.2
1987	16.2	43.9
1986	15.7	45.4
1985	15.5	46.9
1984	16	47.8
1983	16	48.4
1982	15.4	48.9
1981	15.4	49.5
1980	15	49.8
1979	14.9	50.1
1978	15	50.4
1977	15.2	50.6
1976	15.1	50.7
1975	14.9	50.6
1974	15.1	50.3
1973	15.1	50.1
1972	15.6	49.8
1971	16.1	49.5
1970	15.8	49.1
1969	15.4	48.6
1968	14.9	48.1
1967	14.2	47.5
1966	14.2	47.4
1965	14.6	47.2
1964	15.4	47.1
1963	15.3	47.3
1962	16.1	47.3
1961	16.5	47.4
1960	16.7	47.4

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 24.1 in Eswatini, compared with 16.7 and 47.4, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Eswatini

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Eswatini
2100	11.7%	17.1%
2099	11.7%	17.2%
2098	11.8%	17.3%
2097	11.9%	17.4%
2096	11.9%	17.4%
2095	12%	17.5%
2094	12.1%	17.6%
2093	12.2%	17.7%
2092	12.3%	17.8%
2091	12.4%	17.9%
2090	12.4%	18%
2089	12.5%	18.1%
2088	12.5%	18.2%
2087	12.6%	18.3%
2086	12.6%	18.4%
2085	12.6%	18.5%
2084	12.5%	18.6%
2083	12.5%	18.7%
2082	12.4%	18.8%
2081	12.3%	19%
2080	12.3%	19.1%
2079	12.2%	19.2%
2078	12.1%	19.3%
2077	12%	19.4%
2076	11.9%	19.6%
2075	11.8%	19.7%
2074	11.7%	19.8%
2073	11.7%	20%
2072	11.6%	20.1%
2071	11.6%	20.3%
2070	11.6%	20.4%
2069	11.6%	20.6%
2068	11.7%	20.7%
2067	11.7%	20.9%
2066	11.8%	21.1%
2065	11.9%	21.2%
2064	12.1%	21.4%
2063	12.2%	21.6%
2062	12.4%	21.8%
2061	12.5%	22%
2060	12.7%	22.3%
2059	12.8%	22.5%
2058	12.9%	22.7%
2057	13%	23%
2056	13.1%	23.2%
2055	13.2%	23.5%
2054	13.2%	23.7%
2053	13.2%	24%
2052	13.2%	24.2%
2051	13.1%	24.5%
2050	13%	24.7%
2049	12.9%	25%
2048	12.8%	25.3%
2047	12.7%	25.5%
2046	12.5%	25.8%
2045	12.4%	26.1%
2044	12.3%	26.4%
2043	12.1%	26.7%
2042	12%	27%
2041	11.9%	27.3%
2040	11.9%	27.6%
2039	11.8%	27.9%
2038	11.8%	28.2%
2037	11.9%	28.6%
2036	12.1%	28.9%
2035	12.3%	29.3%
2034	12.6%	29.7%
2033	12.9%	30.1%
2032	13.2%	30.5%
2031	13.6%	30.8%
2030	13.9%	31.2%
2029	14.2%	31.6%
2028	14.4%	32%
2027	14.7%	32.4%
2026	15%	32.8%
2025	15.5%	33.2%
2024	15.6%	33.4%
2023	16%	33.7%
2022	16.2%	34%
2021	16.4%	34.3%
2020	16.4%	34.7%
2019	16.4%	35.1%
2018	16.4%	35.6%
2017	16.3%	36%
2016	16.2%	36.4%
2015	16%	36.8%
2014	15.9%	37.2%
2013	15.7%	37.6%
2012	15.6%	38%
2011	15.4%	38.4%
2010	15.2%	38.8%
2009	15%	39.3%
2008	14.9%	39.9%
2007	14.9%	40.4%
2006	15%	40.8%
2005	15.2%	41.1%
2004	15.6%	41.4%
2003	16.1%	41.8%
2002	16.6%	42.3%
2001	17.2%	42.9%
2000	17.6%	43.6%
1999	18.4%	44.4%
1998	19.2%	45.3%
1997	19.8%	46.2%
1996	20.3%	46.9%
1995	20.7%	47.4%
1994	21.1%	47%
1993	21.4%	46.4%
1992	21.8%	46.6%
1991	22.1%	47.1%
1990	22.3%	47.6%
1989	22.3%	48.1%
1988	22.2%	48.7%
1987	22.2%	49.3%
1986	22.1%	49.4%
1985	22.1%	49.5%
1984	22.1%	49.4%
1983	22%	49.3%
1982	21.9%	49.2%
1981	21.8%	48.9%
1980	21.7%	48.7%
1979	21.6%	48.5%
1978	21.5%	48.3%
1977	21.5%	48.1%
1976	21.6%	47.9%
1975	21.6%	47.7%
1974	21.8%	47.5%
1973	21.9%	47.4%
1972	22%	47.3%
1971	22%	47.2%
1970	22.1%	47.2%
1969	22.1%	47.2%
1968	22.2%	47.3%
1967	22.3%	47.5%
1966	22.6%	47.7%
1965	22.8%	47.7%
1964	23%	47.8%
1963	23.2%	47.7%
1962	23.3%	47.4%
1961	23.3%	47.2%
1960	23.1%	46.9%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 33.4% in Eswatini in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 47.6% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Eswatini compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Eswatini

Chart Table

Estonia

Eswatini

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Eswatini
2023	5	118
2022	7	112
2021	8	219
2020	6	102
2019	6	96
2018	5	133
2017	5	151
2016	7	213
2015	6	283
2014	7	369
2013	6	491
2012	8	613
2011	9	765
2010	8	752
2009	10	855
2008	11	766
2007	13	647
2006	13	511
2005	15	529
2004	15	451
2003	18	392
2002	22	331
2001	25	307
2000	27	361
1999	28	409
1998	32	475
1997	31	550
1996	36	604
1995	45	612
1994	60	645
1993	46	609
1992	40	580
1991	42	545
1990	44	520
1989	48	505
1988	43	494
1987	42	521
1986	46	548
1985	56	580

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 118 deaths in Eswatini.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Eswatini

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Eswatini
2023	0.21%	4.5%
2022	0.22%	4.62%
2021	0.23%	4.76%
2020	0.24%	4.98%
2019	0.25%	5.16%
2018	0.27%	5.1%
2017	0.28%	5.43%
2016	0.3%	5.53%
2015	0.32%	5.86%
2014	0.34%	6.17%
2013	0.36%	6.16%
2012	0.39%	6.38%
2011	0.42%	6.81%
2010	0.46%	8.18%
2009	0.5%	9.25%
2008	0.54%	9.82%
2007	0.59%	10%
2006	0.65%	10.5%
2005	0.71%	11.6%
2004	0.78%	11.6%
2003	0.85%	11.6%
2002	0.93%	11.4%
2001	1.01%	11.3%
2000	1.1%	10.9%
1999	1.2%	10.4%
1998	1.29%	9.87%
1997	1.39%	9.3%
1996	1.48%	8.71%
1995	1.57%	8.12%
1994	1.64%	7.62%
1993	1.69%	7.17%
1992	1.73%	6.85%
1991	1.75%	6.72%
1990	1.77%	6.75%
1989	1.79%	6.93%
1988	1.81%	7.2%
1987	1.83%	7.54%
1986	1.86%	7.93%
1985	1.91%	8.37%
1984	1.96%	8.85%
1983	2.02%	10.4%
1982	2.09%	9.89%
1981	2.16%	10.4%
1980	2.24%	10.9%
1979	-	11.5%
1978	-	12%
1977	-	12.6%
1976	-	13.2%
1975	-	13.7%
1974	-	14.3%
1973	-	14.9%
1972	-	15.4%
1971	-	16%
1970	-	16.5%
1969	-	17%
1968	-	17.4%
1967	-	17.9%
1966	-	18.3%
1965	-	18.8%
1964	-	19.2%
1963	-	19.6%
1962	-	20%
1961	-	20.4%
1960	-	20.7%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 4.5% in Eswatini. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.