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Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Yemen

Updated on by Georank team

Estonia has an annual birth rate of 8 births per 1,000 people, compared to 35.2 for Yemen. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.31 in Estonia and 4.59 in Yemen — 250.4% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -33.8% in Estonia and by -42.5% in Yemen — in 1960, it was 1.98 and 7.99, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • Estonia is ranked 176/196 by birth rate compared to 11/196 for Yemen.
  • The mean age for first-time mothers is 28.7 years in Estonia, compared to 20.8 years in Yemen.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 31.2 in Estonia — it's 29.7 in Yemen.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 5.03 in Estonia vs 75.3 in Yemen.
  • In Estonia, 21.1% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 24.6% in Yemen.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +3.04% in Yemen.

Birth rate data compared

Estonia Yemen
Fertility rate 1.31 4.59
Birth rate 8 35.2
Birth rate rank 176/196 11/196
Age at first childbirth 28.7 years 20.8 years
Average age at childbearing 31.2 years 29.7 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 4.42 72.6
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 57.3 203.5
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 13.5 80.8
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 21.1% 24.6%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 60.9% 29.2%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 99.6% 44.7%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.005% 0.12%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 0.1% 2.14%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 0.16% 3.47%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 0.21% 3.93%
Population change due to births and deaths -5,070 +1,198,150
Natural population change rank 167/196 14/196
Natural population change rate -0.37% +3.04%
Population growth +0.12% +3.03%
Population growth rank 157/197 14/197
Life expectancy 79.5 years 69.6 years

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Yemen chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.59 in Yemen in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Yemen population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Estonia
Factual

UN forecast
Yemen
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Estonia Yemen
1960 1.98 7.99
1961 1.98 8
1962 1.95 8.01
1963 1.89 8.03
1964 1.94 8.07
1965 1.88 8.1
1966 1.87 8.14
1967 1.9 8.17
1968 2.03 8.19
1969 2.13 8.22
1970 2.17 8.23
1971 2.19 8.26
1972 2.13 8.27
1973 2.06 8.29
1974 2.07 8.33
1975 2.04 8.37
1976 2.07 8.42
1977 2.06 8.47
1978 2.02 8.5
1979 2 8.67
1980 2.02 8.71
1981 2.07 8.75
1982 2.07 8.79
1983 2.16 8.83
1984 2.17 8.85
1985 2.13 8.86
1986 2.18 8.86
1987 2.27 8.83
1988 2.27 8.79
1989 2.22 8.71
1990 2.05 8.61
1991 1.8 8.46
1992 1.71 8.27
1993 1.49 8.05
1994 1.42 7.8
1995 1.38 7.53
1996 1.37 7
1997 1.32 6.82
1998 1.28 6.64
1999 1.3 6.49
2000 1.36 6.32
2001 1.32 6.14
2002 1.36 5.97
2003 1.37 5.84
2004 1.47 5.71
2005 1.52 5.56
2006 1.58 5.41
2007 1.69 5.26
2008 1.72 5.11
2009 1.7 5
2010 1.72 4.81
2011 1.61 4.63
2012 1.56 4.63
2013 1.52 4.62
2014 1.54 4.62
2015 1.58 4.62
2016 1.6 4.61
2017 1.59 4.61
2018 1.67 4.61
2019 1.66 4.6
2020 1.58 4.6
2021 1.61 4.6
2022 1.41 4.59
2023 1.31 4.59
2024 1.32 4.5
2025 1.33 4.41
2026 1.34 4.33
2027 1.35 4.23
2028 1.36 4.14
2029 1.37 4.06
2030 1.38 3.97
2031 1.39 3.87
2032 1.39 3.8
2033 1.4 3.73
2034 1.4 3.66
2035 1.41 3.59
2036 1.41 3.51
2037 1.42 3.44
2038 1.42 3.38
2039 1.42 3.32
2040 1.43 3.26
2041 1.43 3.21
2042 1.44 3.16
2043 1.44 3.12
2044 1.44 3.07
2045 1.45 3.02
2046 1.45 2.97
2047 1.46 2.93
2048 1.46 2.89
2049 1.46 2.85
2050 1.46 2.81

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Estonia
Factual

UN forecast
Yemen
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
Estonia Yemen
1960 23.1% 40.3%
1961 23.3% 40.4%
1962 23.3% 40.4%
1963 23.2% 40.6%
1964 23% 40.9%
1965 22.8% 41.3%
1966 22.6% 41.8%
1967 22.3% 42.3%
1968 22.2% 42.8%
1969 22.1% 43.3%
1970 22.1% 43.8%
1971 22% 44.3%
1972 22% 44.8%
1973 21.9% 45.3%
1974 21.8% 45.7%
1975 21.6% 46.2%
1976 21.6% 46.6%
1977 21.5% 47%
1978 21.5% 47.5%
1979 21.6% 47.9%
1980 21.7% 48.3%
1981 21.8% 48.7%
1982 21.9% 49.1%
1983 22% 49.4%
1984 22.1% 49.7%
1985 22.1% 50%
1986 22.1% 50.3%
1987 22.2% 50.5%
1988 22.2% 50.7%
1989 22.3% 50.9%
1990 22.3% 51.1%
1991 22.1% 51.2%
1992 21.8% 51.2%
1993 21.4% 51.2%
1994 21.1% 51.1%
1995 20.7% 50.9%
1996 20.3% 50.6%
1997 19.8% 50.3%
1998 19.2% 49.9%
1999 18.4% 49.5%
2000 17.6% 49%
2001 17.2% 48.6%
2002 16.6% 48.1%
2003 16.1% 47.6%
2004 15.6% 47.1%
2005 15.2% 46.5%
2006 15% 45.9%
2007 14.9% 45.3%
2008 14.9% 44.7%
2009 15% 44.1%
2010 15.2% 43.5%
2011 15.4% 43%
2012 15.6% 42.7%
2013 15.7% 42.3%
2014 15.9% 42.1%
2015 16% 41.8%
2016 16.2% 41.7%
2017 16.3% 41.6%
2018 16.4% 41.5%
2019 16.4% 41.4%
2020 16.4% 41.4%
2021 16.4% 41.4%
2022 16.2% 41.3%
2023 16% 41.2%
2024 15.6% 41.1%
2025 15.3% 41%
2026 14.9% 40.9%
2027 14.6% 40.8%
2028 14.3% 40.6%
2029 14% 40.3%
2030 13.7% 40%
2031 13.4% 39.6%
2032 13.1% 39.2%
2033 12.8% 38.7%
2034 12.4% 38.2%
2035 12.2% 37.7%
2036 12% 37.1%
2037 11.8% 36.5%
2038 11.8% 36%
2039 11.9% 35.4%
2040 11.9% 34.8%
2041 12% 34.3%
2042 12.1% 33.8%
2043 12.2% 33.4%
2044 12.3% 33%
2045 12.5% 32.6%
2046 12.6% 32.3%
2047 12.8% 32%
2048 12.9% 31.7%
2049 13% 31.4%
2050 13.1% 31.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 41.1% in Yemen in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 51.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Yemen compared.

Natural population change in Estonia vs Yemen by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.21% in Estonia and +3.02% in Yemen. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Estonia
Yemen

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
Estonia Yemen
1960 7,511 122,994
1961 7,228 129,787
1962 6,457 131,262
1963 6,043 133,781
1964 6,897 147,299
1965 5,437 155,398
1966 4,842 164,091
1967 5,012 173,637
1968 5,592 182,518
1969 5,515 196,305
1970 6,257 207,613
1971 7,160 219,095
1972 6,267 229,322
1973 5,623 240,235
1974 5,956 252,737
1975 4,717 266,815
1976 4,319 281,078
1977 4,931 296,115
1978 4,088 312,439
1979 3,818 336,378
1980 3,989 355,767
1981 4,612 374,482
1982 5,244 392,302
1983 5,884 414,823
1984 5,163 434,674
1985 4,281 455,576
1986 6,160 464,665
1987 6,829 493,337
1988 6,404 513,296
1989 5,803 530,464
1990 2,825 549,654
1991 -312 565,837
1992 -1,993 582,072
1993 -5,976 595,459
1994 -8,044 602,363
1995 -7,327 607,966
1996 -5,662 588,786
1997 -6,018 604,443
1998 -7,208 615,488
1999 -6,117 633,166
2000 -5,309 646,694
2001 -5,830 658,704
2002 -5,380 672,494
2003 -5,072 694,457
2004 -3,679 710,493
2005 -2,981 726,708
2006 -2,559 750,082
2007 -1,608 764,780
2008 -668 779,123
2009 -400 798,911
2010 0 803,246
2011 -531 806,359
2012 -1,455 845,645
2013 -1,713 884,929
2014 -1,972 920,330
2015 -1,315 939,922
2016 -1,316 975,697
2017 -1,713 1,006,725
2018 -1,322 1,020,238
2019 -1,327 1,056,432
2020 -2,659 1,086,322
2021 -5,324 1,103,622
2022 -5,665 1,153,375
2023 -5,070 1,198,150

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Yemen

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 118 deaths in Yemen.

Estonia
Yemen
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Estonia Yemen
1985 56 430
1986 46 430
1987 42 400
1988 43 388
1989 48 371
1990 44 359
1991 42 341
1992 40 330
1993 46 319
1994 60 311
1995 45 296
1996 36 282
1997 31 271
1998 32 260
1999 28 250
2000 27 241
2001 25 231
2002 22 218
2003 18 205
2004 15 194
2005 15 181
2006 13 171
2007 13 161
2008 11 153
2009 10 149
2010 8 144
2011 9 140
2012 8 137
2013 6 135
2014 7 134
2015 6 135
2016 7 134
2017 5 142
2018 5 134
2019 6 131
2020 6 135
2021 8 156
2022 7 125
2023 5 118

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 3.93% in Yemen. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Estonia
Yemen

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Estonia Yemen
1960 - 42.9%
1961 - 42.2%
1962 - 41.5%
1963 - 40.8%
1964 - 40%
1965 - 39%
1966 - 38%
1967 - 36.8%
1968 - 35.6%
1969 - 34.3%
1970 - 33%
1971 - 31.8%
1972 - 30.6%
1973 - 29.5%
1974 - 28.4%
1975 - 27.2%
1976 - 26%
1977 - 24.7%
1978 - 23.4%
1979 - 22.1%
1980 2.24% 20.8%
1981 2.16% 19.6%
1982 2.09% 18.4%
1983 2.02% 17.2%
1984 1.96% 16.2%
1985 1.91% 15.3%
1986 1.86% 14.6%
1987 1.83% 14%
1988 1.81% 13.4%
1989 1.79% 12.9%
1990 1.77% 12.5%
1991 1.75% 12.1%
1992 1.73% 11.8%
1993 1.69% 11.6%
1994 1.64% 11.3%
1995 1.57% 11.1%
1996 1.48% 10.8%
1997 1.39% 10.5%
1998 1.29% 10.2%
1999 1.2% 9.77%
2000 1.1% 9.32%
2001 1.01% 8.84%
2002 0.93% 8.36%
2003 0.85% 7.9%
2004 0.78% 7.47%
2005 0.71% 7.06%
2006 0.65% 6.68%
2007 0.59% 6.33%
2008 0.54% 6.02%
2009 0.5% 5.74%
2010 0.46% 5.49%
2011 0.42% 5.3%
2012 0.39% 5.14%
2013 0.36% 4.95%
2014 0.34% 4.84%
2015 0.32% 4.9%
2016 0.3% 4.77%
2017 0.28% 4.66%
2018 0.27% 4.7%
2019 0.25% 4.59%
2020 0.24% 4.32%
2021 0.23% 4.24%
2022 0.22% 4.08%
2023 0.21% 3.93%

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Birth rate comparisons

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