Fertility & birth rates in Mongolia and Zambia

Fertility rate in Mongolia vs Zambia chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Mongolia was 2.7 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.1 in Zambia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Mongolia vs Zambia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Mongolia	Zambia
1960	6.82	6.95
1961	6.96	6.98
1962	7.1	7.01
1963	7.24	7.06
1964	7.33	7.09
1965	7.38	7.12
1966	7.41	7.14
1967	7.39	7.15
1968	7.37	7.18
1969	7.34	7.18
1970	7.31	7.22
1971	7.3	7.26
1972	7.28	7.3
1973	7.24	7.34
1974	7.17	7.36
1975	7.07	7.42
1976	6.93	7.39
1977	6.79	7.35
1978	6.62	7.29
1979	6.42	7.22
1980	6.21	7.14
1981	5.98	7.07
1982	5.8	7.04
1983	5.63	7.01
1984	5.45	6.97
1985	5.26	6.93
1986	5.03	6.87
1987	4.83	6.8
1988	4.65	6.7
1989	4.42	6.64
1990	4.5	6.57
1991	4	6.46
1992	3.5	6.35
1993	2.5	6.3
1994	2.7	6.26
1995	2.77	6.23
1996	2.5	6.18
1997	2.4	6.12
1998	2.3	6.07
1999	2.3	6
2000	2.2	5.92
2001	2.2	5.85
2002	2.1	5.77
2003	2	5.71
2004	2	5.7
2005	2	5.7
2006	2.1	5.68
2007	2.3	5.61
2008	2.6	5.53
2009	2.8	5.45
2010	2.4	5.36
2011	2.6	5.26
2012	2.7	5.14
2013	3	5.01
2014	3.1	4.89
2015	3	4.78
2016	3	4.67
2017	2.8	4.57
2018	2.9	4.49
2019	3	4.42
2020	2.9	4.32
2021	2.8	4.25
2022	2.7	4.18
2023	2.7	4.1
2024	2.65	4.04
2025	2.6	3.97
2026	2.55	3.91
2027	2.51	3.85
2028	2.47	3.77
2029	2.44	3.72
2030	2.4	3.67
2031	2.37	3.61
2032	2.34	3.56
2033	2.31	3.5
2034	2.29	3.45
2035	2.26	3.4
2036	2.23	3.35
2037	2.21	3.3
2038	2.19	3.25
2039	2.17	3.19
2040	2.15	3.15
2041	2.13	3.11
2042	2.11	3.07
2043	2.09	3.03
2044	2.08	3
2045	2.06	2.96
2046	2.05	2.93
2047	2.04	2.9
2048	2.02	2.87
2049	2.01	2.84
2050	2	2.81

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Mongolia	Zambia
1960	38.1%	46%
1961	38.8%	46.2%
1962	39.6%	46.3%
1963	40.4%	46.5%
1964	41.4%	46.7%
1965	42.4%	46.9%
1966	43.3%	46.9%
1967	44.2%	47%
1968	44.9%	47.1%
1969	45.4%	47.2%
1970	45.6%	47.4%
1971	45.8%	47.7%
1972	45.8%	48%
1973	45.8%	48.3%
1974	45.6%	48.6%
1975	45.4%	48.8%
1976	45.2%	49.1%
1977	44.8%	49.2%
1978	44.5%	49.4%
1979	44.1%	49.5%
1980	43.7%	49.5%
1981	43.3%	49.4%
1982	43%	49.3%
1983	42.7%	49.1%
1984	42.5%	49%
1985	42.3%	48.9%
1986	42.1%	48.8%
1987	42%	48.7%
1988	41.8%	48.6%
1989	41.7%	48.5%
1990	41.4%	48.4%
1991	41%	48.3%
1992	40.5%	48.2%
1993	40%	48.2%
1994	39.5%	48.2%
1995	39%	48.2%
1996	38.4%	48.2%
1997	37.8%	48.2%
1998	37%	48.2%
1999	36.2%	48.1%
2000	35.2%	48%
2001	34.1%	47.8%
2002	32.9%	47.6%
2003	31.8%	47.4%
2004	30.8%	47.3%
2005	29.9%	47.1%
2006	29.1%	47%
2007	28.5%	46.8%
2008	28.1%	46.6%
2009	27.9%	46.4%
2010	27.9%	46.3%
2011	28%	46.1%
2012	28.1%	45.9%
2013	28.5%	45.7%
2014	28.9%	45.5%
2015	29.5%	45.2%
2016	30.2%	44.9%
2017	30.9%	44.5%
2018	31.6%	44.1%
2019	32.3%	43.8%
2020	32.8%	43.3%
2021	32.9%	42.9%
2022	32.9%	42.4%
2023	32.6%	42%
2024	32.2%	41.5%
2025	31.6%	41%
2026	30.9%	40.5%
2027	30.1%	40%
2028	29.2%	39.6%
2029	28.2%	39.2%
2030	27.3%	38.8%
2031	26.3%	38.5%
2032	25.6%	38.1%
2033	24.9%	37.8%
2034	24.3%	37.5%
2035	23.8%	37.1%
2036	23.4%	36.8%
2037	23.1%	36.5%
2038	23%	36.1%
2039	22.9%	35.8%
2040	22.8%	35.4%
2041	22.9%	35.1%
2042	22.9%	34.7%
2043	23%	34.4%
2044	23.1%	34%
2045	23.2%	33.7%
2046	23.3%	33.3%
2047	23.4%	33%
2048	23.4%	32.6%
2049	23.4%	32.3%
2050	23.3%	32%

Children aged 0-14 make up 32.2% of the population in Mongolia and 41.5% in Zambia in 2024, compared to 41.4% and 48.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Mongolia and Zambia compared.

Natural population change in Mongolia vs Zambia by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.81% in Mongolia and +2.87% in Zambia. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Mongolia	Zambia
1960	20,726	102,335
1961	21,873	106,318
1962	22,960	110,173
1963	24,142	114,555
1964	25,317	117,197
1965	26,364	122,814
1966	27,338	127,164
1967	28,178	131,938
1968	29,017	137,315
1969	29,781	142,660
1970	30,558	149,380
1971	31,536	155,249
1972	32,727	161,648
1973	33,993	168,258
1974	35,297	174,484
1975	36,490	182,258
1976	37,670	186,762
1977	38,995	191,557
1978	40,276	194,933
1979	41,568	197,578
1980	42,343	198,817
1981	43,588	202,822
1982	45,179	207,621
1983	46,919	212,712
1984	48,562	216,695
1985	49,944	221,351
1986	50,329	224,768
1987	51,140	227,813
1988	51,588	230,118
1989	51,420	233,429
1990	49,443	235,835
1991	47,884	237,957
1992	42,437	239,953
1993	36,924	245,917
1994	34,711	252,023
1995	34,473	257,897
1996	33,741	262,468
1997	32,403	268,198
1998	31,757	275,568
1999	32,283	283,297
2000	32,753	293,186
2001	32,052	302,682
2002	30,439	316,041
2003	28,827	331,189
2004	28,418	349,352
2005	29,290	368,756
2006	33,609	387,891
2007	39,636	403,729
2008	45,843	419,560
2009	48,876	434,458
2010	44,914	448,337
2011	50,711	459,743
2012	55,942	469,406
2013	62,618	476,846
2014	66,078	483,663
2015	64,473	491,021
2016	62,086	497,521
2017	57,940	504,630
2018	60,635	515,644
2019	61,433	528,089
2020	60,888	536,484
2021	52,109	535,629
2022	47,730	563,456
2023	46,995	577,660

Maternal mortality chart: Mongolia vs Zambia

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 41 deaths per 100,000 live births in Mongolia, compared to 85 deaths in Zambia.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Mongolia	Zambia
1985	352	596
1986	346	619
1987	341	630
1988	335	635
1989	311	635
1990	276	625
1991	227	611
1992	199	581
1993	181	532
1994	178	507
1995	176	466
1996	178	433
1997	180	403
1998	174	392
1999	162	378
2000	144	340
2001	130	306
2002	120	274
2003	114	250
2004	108	260
2005	99	264
2006	90	262
2007	81	324
2008	77	394
2009	75	406
2010	71	332
2011	67	291
2012	63	256
2013	59	213
2014	56	174
2015	52	154
2016	48	158
2017	45	141
2018	45	117
2019	45	103
2020	47	99
2021	63	140
2022	41	89
2023	41	85

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.36% in Mongolia and 4.47% in Zambia. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Mongolia	Zambia
1960	-	20.5%
1961	-	20.1%
1962	-	19.8%
1963	-	19.5%
1964	-	19.2%
1965	-	19%
1966	-	18.9%
1967	-	18.7%
1968	-	18.5%
1969	-	18.3%
1970	-	17.9%
1971	-	17.4%
1972	-	16.9%
1973	-	16.3%
1974	-	15.9%
1975	-	15.5%
1976	-	15.4%
1977	-	15.3%
1978	17.3%	15.3%
1979	16.7%	15.4%
1980	16.1%	15.5%
1981	15.5%	15.6%
1982	15%	15.7%
1983	14.4%	15.9%
1984	13.9%	16.2%
1985	13.4%	16.6%
1986	12.8%	17%
1987	12.2%	17.3%
1988	11.7%	17.7%
1989	11.1%	17.9%
1990	10.7%	18.1%
1991	10.2%	18.1%
1992	9.78%	18.1%
1993	9.39%	17.9%
1994	9%	17.7%
1995	8.6%	17.3%
1996	8.19%	17%
1997	7.74%	16.7%
1998	7.27%	16.3%
1999	6.78%	15.9%
2000	6.29%	15.3%
2001	5.8%	14.4%
2002	5.32%	13.4%
2003	4.87%	12.4%
2004	4.45%	11.4%
2005	4.07%	10.5%
2006	3.71%	9.71%
2007	3.39%	9.14%
2008	3.11%	8.62%
2009	2.85%	8%
2010	2.63%	7.57%
2011	2.44%	7.31%
2012	2.28%	7.04%
2013	2.15%	6.72%
2014	2.04%	6.38%
2015	1.94%	6.15%
2016	1.84%	5.9%
2017	1.74%	5.61%
2018	1.64%	5.52%
2019	1.56%	5.41%
2020	1.48%	5.24%
2021	1.43%	4.92%
2022	1.39%	4.67%
2023	1.36%	4.47%