Fertility & birth rates in Cuba and Estonia

Fertility rate in Cuba vs Estonia by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Estonia

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Cuba	Estonia
2023	1.44	1.31
2022	1.41	1.41
2021	1.43	1.61
2020	1.49	1.58
2019	1.54	1.66
2018	1.61	1.67
2017	1.59	1.59
2016	1.6	1.6
2015	1.69	1.58
2014	1.66	1.54
2013	1.68	1.52
2012	1.67	1.56
2011	1.73	1.61
2010	1.67	1.72
2009	1.68	1.7
2008	1.58	1.72
2007	1.44	1.69
2006	1.4	1.58
2005	1.49	1.52
2004	1.55	1.47
2003	1.63	1.37
2002	1.65	1.36
2001	1.6	1.32
2000	1.61	1.36
1999	1.64	1.3
1998	1.62	1.28
1997	1.59	1.32
1996	1.46	1.37
1995	1.48	1.38
1994	1.47	1.42
1993	1.49	1.49
1992	1.56	1.71
1991	1.66	1.8
1990	1.81	2.05
1989	1.83	2.22
1988	1.85	2.27
1987	1.8	2.27
1986	1.78	2.18
1985	1.77	2.13
1984	1.77	2.17
1983	1.8	2.16
1982	1.78	2.07
1981	1.59	2.07
1980	1.64	2.02
1979	1.77	2
1978	1.88	2.02
1977	2.21	2.06
1976	2.51	2.07
1975	2.82	2.04
1974	3.16	2.07
1973	3.4	2.06
1972	3.61	2.13
1971	3.8	2.19
1970	3.98	2.17
1969	4.12	2.13
1968	4.19	2.03
1967	4.29	1.9
1966	4.4	1.87
1965	4.5	1.88
1964	4.53	1.94
1963	4.56	1.89
1962	4.42	1.95
1961	4.26	1.98
1960	4.13	1.98

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Cuba was 1.44 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.31 in Estonia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Cuba vs Estonia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Estonia

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Cuba	Estonia
2023	-15,880	-5,070
2022	-17,961	-5,665
2021	-71,616	-5,324
2020	-12,808	-2,659
2019	-4,245	-1,327
2018	3,436	-1,322
2017	2,306	-1,713
2016	9,677	-1,316
2015	20,464	-1,315
2014	22,448	-1,972
2013	29,827	-1,713
2012	33,864	-1,455
2011	40,753	-531
2010	37,021	0
2009	37,543	-400
2008	32,848	-668
2007	24,617	-1,608
2006	24,508	-2,559
2005	36,660	-2,981
2004	44,258	-3,679
2003	56,170	-5,072
2002	58,212	-5,380
2001	57,325	-5,830
2000	61,133	-5,309
1999	69,069	-6,117
1998	71,284	-7,208
1997	71,828	-6,018
1996	61,837	-5,662
1995	66,809	-7,327
1994	68,604	-8,044
1993	73,221	-5,976
1992	83,461	-1,993
1991	95,398	-312
1990	112,378	2,825
1989	114,865	5,803
1988	116,626	6,404
1987	109,617	6,829
1986	105,997	6,160
1985	103,228	4,281
1984	101,670	5,163
1983	101,858	5,884
1982	95,866	5,244
1981	74,067	4,612
1980	74,271	3,989
1979	81,192	3,818
1978	86,864	4,088
1977	106,875	4,931
1976	125,383	4,319
1975	144,964	4,717
1974	165,099	5,956
1973	177,387	5,623
1972	187,588	6,267
1971	195,106	7,160
1970	201,823	6,257
1969	205,581	5,515
1968	205,487	5,592
1967	207,245	5,012
1966	209,179	4,842
1965	211,322	5,437
1964	209,315	6,897
1963	205,788	6,043
1962	196,423	6,457
1961	183,806	7,228
1960	172,816	7,511

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.14% in Cuba and -0.37% in Estonia.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.06% in Cuba and -0.21% in Estonia.

Birth rate in Cuba vs Estonia by year

Chart Table

Cuba

Estonia

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Cuba	Estonia
2023	8.71	8
2022	8.66	8.6
2021	8.81	10
2020	9.26	9.9
2019	9.67	10.6
2018	10.2	10.9
2017	10.1	10.5
2016	10.3	10.7
2015	10.9	10.6
2014	10.9	10.3
2013	11.2	10.3
2012	11.2	10.6
2011	11.8	11.1
2010	11.4	11.9
2009	11.5	11.8
2008	10.9	12
2007	10	11.8
2006	9.87	11
2005	10.6	10.6
2004	11.3	10.3
2003	12.1	9.5
2002	12.5	9.4
2001	12.4	9.1
2000	12.9	9.4
1999	13.5	9
1998	13.7	8.8
1997	13.8	9
1996	13	9.4
1995	13.5	9.4
1994	13.7	9.7
1993	14.1	10.2
1992	15	11.8
1991	16.1	12.4
1990	17.6	14.2
1989	17.8	15.5
1988	18	16
1987	17.3	16.2
1986	17	15.7
1985	16.7	15.5
1984	16.5	16
1983	16.5	16
1982	15.9	15.4
1981	13.9	15.4
1980	13.9	15
1979	14.6	14.9
1978	15.1	15
1977	17.3	15.2
1976	19.4	15.1
1975	21.6	14.9
1974	24.1	15.1
1973	25.8	15.1
1972	27.2	15.6
1971	28.5	16.1
1970	29.9	15.8
1969	31	15.4
1968	31.6	14.9
1967	32.5	14.2
1966	33.4	14.2
1965	34.4	14.6
1964	34.9	15.4
1963	35.4	15.3
1962	34.6	16.1
1961	33.7	16.5
1960	32.8	16.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8.71 in Cuba and 8 in Estonia, compared with 32.8 and 16.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Cuba

Factual

UN forecast

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Cuba	Estonia
2100	10.9%	11.7%
2099	10.9%	11.7%
2098	10.9%	11.8%
2097	10.9%	11.9%
2096	10.9%	11.9%
2095	10.9%	12%
2094	10.9%	12.1%
2093	10.9%	12.2%
2092	10.9%	12.3%
2091	10.9%	12.4%
2090	11%	12.4%
2089	11%	12.5%
2088	11%	12.5%
2087	11%	12.6%
2086	11%	12.6%
2085	11%	12.6%
2084	11%	12.5%
2083	11%	12.5%
2082	11.1%	12.4%
2081	11.1%	12.3%
2080	11.1%	12.3%
2079	11.1%	12.2%
2078	11.1%	12.1%
2077	11.1%	12%
2076	11.1%	11.9%
2075	11.1%	11.8%
2074	11.1%	11.7%
2073	11.1%	11.7%
2072	11.1%	11.6%
2071	11.2%	11.6%
2070	11.2%	11.6%
2069	11.2%	11.6%
2068	11.2%	11.7%
2067	11.2%	11.7%
2066	11.2%	11.8%
2065	11.2%	11.9%
2064	11.2%	12.1%
2063	11.3%	12.2%
2062	11.3%	12.4%
2061	11.3%	12.5%
2060	11.3%	12.7%
2059	11.4%	12.8%
2058	11.4%	12.9%
2057	11.5%	13%
2056	11.5%	13.1%
2055	11.5%	13.2%
2054	11.6%	13.2%
2053	11.7%	13.2%
2052	11.7%	13.2%
2051	11.8%	13.1%
2050	11.9%	13%
2049	11.9%	12.9%
2048	12%	12.8%
2047	12%	12.7%
2046	12.1%	12.5%
2045	12.2%	12.4%
2044	12.2%	12.3%
2043	12.3%	12.1%
2042	12.3%	12%
2041	12.4%	11.9%
2040	12.4%	11.9%
2039	12.5%	11.8%
2038	12.5%	11.8%
2037	12.6%	11.9%
2036	12.6%	12.1%
2035	12.7%	12.3%
2034	12.9%	12.6%
2033	13.1%	12.9%
2032	13.3%	13.2%
2031	13.5%	13.6%
2030	13.8%	13.9%
2029	14%	14.2%
2028	14.3%	14.4%
2027	14.6%	14.7%
2026	14.9%	15%
2025	15.2%	15.5%
2024	15.3%	15.6%
2023	15.5%	16%
2022	15.7%	16.2%
2021	15.8%	16.4%
2020	15.8%	16.4%
2019	16%	16.4%
2018	16.1%	16.4%
2017	16.3%	16.3%
2016	16.5%	16.2%
2015	16.7%	16%
2014	16.9%	15.9%
2013	17.1%	15.7%
2012	17.3%	15.6%
2011	17.5%	15.4%
2010	17.7%	15.2%
2009	17.9%	15%
2008	18.2%	14.9%
2007	18.5%	14.9%
2006	18.9%	15%
2005	19.4%	15.2%
2004	19.8%	15.6%
2003	20.2%	16.1%
2002	20.6%	16.6%
2001	20.9%	17.2%
2000	21.3%	17.6%
1999	21.5%	18.4%
1998	21.8%	19.2%
1997	22%	19.8%
1996	22.1%	20.3%
1995	22.1%	20.7%
1994	22.1%	21.1%
1993	22.2%	21.4%
1992	22.4%	21.8%
1991	22.5%	22.1%
1990	22.8%	22.3%
1989	23.1%	22.3%
1988	23.6%	22.2%
1987	24.3%	22.2%
1986	25.2%	22.1%
1985	26.1%	22.1%
1984	27.1%	22.1%
1983	28.1%	22%
1982	29.3%	21.9%
1981	30.5%	21.8%
1980	31.9%	21.7%
1979	33.2%	21.6%
1978	34.3%	21.5%
1977	35.4%	21.5%
1976	36.2%	21.6%
1975	36.8%	21.6%
1974	37.3%	21.8%
1973	37.6%	21.9%
1972	37.8%	22%
1971	37.9%	22%
1970	38%	22.1%
1969	37.9%	22.1%
1968	37.8%	22.2%
1967	37.7%	22.3%
1966	37.5%	22.6%
1965	37.3%	22.8%
1964	37.1%	23%
1963	36.8%	23.2%
1962	36.5%	23.3%
1961	36.2%	23.3%
1960	36%	23.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.3% of the population in Cuba and 15.6% in Estonia in 2024, compared to 22.8% and 22.3% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Cuba and Estonia compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Cuba vs Estonia

Chart Table

Cuba

Estonia

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Cuba	Estonia
2023	35	5
2022	41	7
2021	172	8
2020	40	6
2019	40	6
2018	39	5
2017	39	5
2016	40	7
2015	41	6
2014	42	7
2013	42	6
2012	42	8
2011	44	9
2010	44	8
2009	45	10
2008	44	11
2007	42	13
2006	42	13
2005	43	15
2004	44	15
2003	44	18
2002	45	22
2001	46	25
2000	48	27
1999	51	28
1998	54	32
1997	57	31
1996	59	36
1995	62	45
1994	64	60
1993	65	46
1992	66	40
1991	66	42
1990	66	44
1989	66	48
1988	68	43
1987	69	42
1986	70	46
1985	70	56

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 35 deaths per 100,000 live births in Cuba, compared to 5 deaths in Estonia.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Cuba

Estonia

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Cuba	Estonia
2023	0.83%	0.21%
2022	0.79%	0.22%
2021	0.76%	0.23%
2020	0.72%	0.24%
2019	0.69%	0.25%
2018	0.66%	0.27%
2017	0.64%	0.28%
2016	0.62%	0.3%
2015	0.61%	0.32%
2014	0.6%	0.34%
2013	0.6%	0.36%
2012	0.6%	0.39%
2011	0.61%	0.42%
2010	0.62%	0.46%
2009	0.63%	0.5%
2008	0.65%	0.54%
2007	0.66%	0.59%
2006	0.69%	0.65%
2005	0.71%	0.71%
2004	0.73%	0.78%
2003	0.76%	0.85%
2002	0.79%	0.93%
2001	0.82%	1.01%
2000	0.86%	1.1%
1999	0.89%	1.2%
1998	0.93%	1.29%
1997	0.97%	1.39%
1996	1.01%	1.48%
1995	1.06%	1.57%
1994	1.11%	1.64%
1993	1.16%	1.69%
1992	1.22%	1.73%
1991	1.28%	1.75%
1990	1.34%	1.77%
1989	1.41%	1.79%
1988	1.49%	1.81%
1987	1.56%	1.83%
1986	1.64%	1.86%
1985	1.73%	1.91%
1984	1.81%	1.96%
1983	1.9%	2.02%
1982	2%	2.09%
1981	2.11%	2.16%
1980	2.22%	2.24%
1979	2.34%	-
1978	2.47%	-
1977	2.62%	-
1976	2.77%	-
1975	2.94%	-
1974	3.11%	-
1973	3.29%	-
1972	3.47%	-
1971	3.65%	-
1970	3.82%	-
1969	3.97%	-
1968	4.11%	-
1967	4.22%	-
1966	4.31%	-
1965	4.38%	-
1964	4.43%	-
1963	4.45%	-
1962	4.45%	-
1961	4.44%	-
1960	4.41%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.83% in Cuba and 0.21% in Estonia. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.