Fertility & birth rates in Mongolia and Pakistan

Fertility rate in Mongolia vs Pakistan chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Mongolia was 2.7 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.61 in Pakistan in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Mongolia vs Pakistan population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Mongolia	Pakistan
1960	6.82	6.8
1961	6.96	6.8
1962	7.1	6.8
1963	7.24	6.8
1964	7.33	6.8
1965	7.38	6.8
1966	7.41	6.8
1967	7.39	6.8
1968	7.37	6.8
1969	7.34	6.8
1970	7.31	6.8
1971	7.3	6.8
1972	7.28	6.81
1973	7.24	6.81
1974	7.17	6.81
1975	7.07	6.81
1976	6.93	6.81
1977	6.79	6.8
1978	6.62	6.78
1979	6.42	6.76
1980	6.21	6.73
1981	5.98	6.7
1982	5.8	6.67
1983	5.63	6.64
1984	5.45	6.62
1985	5.26	6.59
1986	5.03	6.55
1987	4.83	6.52
1988	4.65	6.48
1989	4.42	6.43
1990	4.5	6.36
1991	4	6.29
1992	3.5	6.21
1993	2.5	6.11
1994	2.7	6.01
1995	2.77	5.89
1996	2.5	5.77
1997	2.4	5.64
1998	2.3	5.51
1999	2.3	5.46
2000	2.2	5.35
2001	2.2	5.18
2002	2.1	5.01
2003	2	4.89
2004	2	4.68
2005	2	4.6
2006	2.1	4.59
2007	2.3	4.55
2008	2.6	4.51
2009	2.8	4.47
2010	2.4	4.4
2011	2.6	4.31
2012	2.7	4.2
2013	3	4.13
2014	3.1	4.06
2015	3	3.99
2016	3	3.9
2017	2.8	3.9
2018	2.9	3.86
2019	3	3.81
2020	2.9	3.77
2021	2.8	3.72
2022	2.7	3.66
2023	2.7	3.61
2024	2.65	3.55
2025	2.6	3.5
2026	2.55	3.44
2027	2.51	3.39
2028	2.47	3.34
2029	2.44	3.3
2030	2.4	3.25
2031	2.37	3.21
2032	2.34	3.16
2033	2.31	3.12
2034	2.29	3.08
2035	2.26	3.04
2036	2.23	3.01
2037	2.21	2.97
2038	2.19	2.94
2039	2.17	2.9
2040	2.15	2.87
2041	2.13	2.83
2042	2.11	2.8
2043	2.09	2.77
2044	2.08	2.74
2045	2.06	2.71
2046	2.05	2.69
2047	2.04	2.66
2048	2.02	2.63
2049	2.01	2.61
2050	2	2.58

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Mongolia	Pakistan
1960	38.1%	41.3%
1961	38.8%	41.4%
1962	39.6%	41.6%
1963	40.4%	41.8%
1964	41.4%	42.2%
1965	42.4%	42.7%
1966	43.3%	43%
1967	44.2%	43.3%
1968	44.9%	43.5%
1969	45.4%	43.7%
1970	45.6%	43.9%
1971	45.8%	44%
1972	45.8%	44.1%
1973	45.8%	44.1%
1974	45.6%	44.1%
1975	45.4%	44.1%
1976	45.2%	44%
1977	44.8%	43.9%
1978	44.5%	43.8%
1979	44.1%	43.7%
1980	43.7%	43.3%
1981	43.3%	43.1%
1982	43%	43%
1983	42.7%	43.1%
1984	42.5%	43.3%
1985	42.3%	43.5%
1986	42.1%	43.6%
1987	42%	43.7%
1988	41.8%	43.8%
1989	41.7%	44%
1990	41.4%	44.1%
1991	41%	44.1%
1992	40.5%	44.3%
1993	40%	44.5%
1994	39.5%	44.5%
1995	39%	44.5%
1996	38.4%	44.3%
1997	37.8%	44.1%
1998	37%	43.9%
1999	36.2%	43.6%
2000	35.2%	43.3%
2001	34.1%	42.9%
2002	32.9%	42.6%
2003	31.8%	42.3%
2004	30.8%	41.8%
2005	29.9%	41.3%
2006	29.1%	40.9%
2007	28.5%	40.4%
2008	28.1%	40%
2009	27.9%	39.6%
2010	27.9%	39.3%
2011	28%	39.1%
2012	28.1%	39%
2013	28.5%	38.9%
2014	28.9%	38.9%
2015	29.5%	38.8%
2016	30.2%	38.6%
2017	30.9%	38.5%
2018	31.6%	38.3%
2019	32.3%	38.1%
2020	32.8%	37.9%
2021	32.9%	37.6%
2022	32.9%	37.3%
2023	32.6%	37%
2024	32.2%	36.7%
2025	31.6%	36.2%
2026	30.9%	35.8%
2027	30.1%	35.3%
2028	29.2%	34.9%
2029	28.2%	34.5%
2030	27.3%	34.2%
2031	26.3%	33.8%
2032	25.6%	33.5%
2033	24.9%	33.3%
2034	24.3%	33%
2035	23.8%	32.7%
2036	23.4%	32.5%
2037	23.1%	32.2%
2038	23%	32%
2039	22.9%	31.7%
2040	22.8%	31.5%
2041	22.9%	31.3%
2042	22.9%	31%
2043	23%	30.8%
2044	23.1%	30.5%
2045	23.2%	30.3%
2046	23.3%	30%
2047	23.4%	29.7%
2048	23.4%	29.5%
2049	23.4%	29.2%
2050	23.3%	28.9%

Children aged 0-14 make up 32.2% of the population in Mongolia and 36.7% in Pakistan in 2024, compared to 41.4% and 44.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Mongolia and Pakistan compared.

Natural population change in Mongolia vs Pakistan by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.81% in Mongolia and +2.23% in Pakistan. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Mongolia	Pakistan
1960	20,726	1,217,147
1961	21,873	1,273,772
1962	22,960	1,328,675
1963	24,142	1,384,934
1964	25,317	1,447,394
1965	26,364	1,496,050
1966	27,338	1,566,343
1967	28,178	1,626,737
1968	29,017	1,683,296
1969	29,781	1,733,601
1970	30,558	1,793,570
1971	31,536	1,695,374
1972	32,727	1,912,774
1973	33,993	1,971,909
1974	35,297	2,028,061
1975	36,490	2,099,811
1976	37,670	2,171,812
1977	38,995	2,257,849
1978	40,276	2,356,601
1979	41,568	2,461,311
1980	42,343	2,598,421
1981	43,588	2,790,454
1982	45,179	2,934,689
1983	46,919	3,052,738
1984	48,562	3,145,772
1985	49,944	3,233,315
1986	50,329	3,341,643
1987	51,140	3,448,813
1988	51,588	3,554,755
1989	51,420	3,648,132
1990	49,443	3,731,730
1991	47,884	3,822,363
1992	42,437	3,888,637
1993	36,924	3,915,776
1994	34,711	3,956,699
1995	34,473	3,977,175
1996	33,741	4,021,758
1997	32,403	4,043,912
1998	31,757	4,104,824
1999	32,283	4,228,026
2000	32,753	4,281,169
2001	32,052	4,304,297
2002	30,439	4,307,607
2003	28,827	4,340,688
2004	28,418	4,294,654
2005	29,290	4,294,393
2006	33,609	4,538,426
2007	39,636	4,690,187
2008	45,843	4,885,855
2009	48,876	5,028,132
2010	44,914	5,147,142
2011	50,711	5,189,412
2012	55,942	5,191,263
2013	62,618	5,176,590
2014	66,078	5,148,994
2015	64,473	5,113,507
2016	62,086	5,044,922
2017	57,940	5,090,200
2018	60,635	5,103,858
2019	61,433	5,127,011
2020	60,888	5,011,177
2021	52,109	5,065,913
2022	47,730	5,268,077
2023	46,995	5,281,745

Maternal mortality chart: Mongolia vs Pakistan

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 41 deaths per 100,000 live births in Mongolia, compared to 155 deaths in Pakistan.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Mongolia	Pakistan
1985	352	432
1986	346	436
1987	341	442
1988	335	441
1989	311	439
1990	276	434
1991	227	443
1992	199	459
1993	181	473
1994	178	479
1995	176	485
1996	178	482
1997	180	476
1998	174	456
1999	162	438
2000	144	419
2001	130	400
2002	120	380
2003	114	358
2004	108	333
2005	99	316
2006	90	284
2007	81	265
2008	77	254
2009	75	246
2010	71	240
2011	67	234
2012	63	227
2013	59	220
2014	56	211
2015	52	202
2016	48	193
2017	45	184
2018	45	178
2019	45	173
2020	47	178
2021	63	193
2022	41	160
2023	41	155

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.36% in Mongolia and 5.85% in Pakistan. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Mongolia	Pakistan
1960	-	25%
1961	-	24.1%
1962	-	23.3%
1963	-	22.5%
1964	-	21.8%
1965	-	21.2%
1966	-	20.6%
1967	-	20.2%
1968	-	19.7%
1969	-	19.4%
1970	-	19%
1971	-	18.7%
1972	-	18.4%
1973	-	18.1%
1974	-	17.8%
1975	-	17.6%
1976	-	17.4%
1977	-	17.1%
1978	17.3%	16.9%
1979	16.7%	16.7%
1980	16.1%	16.5%
1981	15.5%	16.3%
1982	15%	16.1%
1983	14.4%	15.8%
1984	13.9%	15.6%
1985	13.4%	15.3%
1986	12.8%	15%
1987	12.2%	14.8%
1988	11.7%	14.5%
1989	11.1%	14.2%
1990	10.7%	14%
1991	10.2%	13.7%
1992	9.78%	13.4%
1993	9.39%	13.1%
1994	9%	12.8%
1995	8.6%	12.5%
1996	8.19%	12.1%
1997	7.74%	11.8%
1998	7.27%	11.5%
1999	6.78%	11.1%
2000	6.29%	10.8%
2001	5.8%	10.5%
2002	5.32%	10.3%
2003	4.87%	10.1%
2004	4.45%	9.85%
2005	4.07%	9.65%
2006	3.71%	9.47%
2007	3.39%	9.29%
2008	3.11%	9.1%
2009	2.85%	8.91%
2010	2.63%	8.71%
2011	2.44%	8.49%
2012	2.28%	8.27%
2013	2.15%	8.04%
2014	2.04%	7.8%
2015	1.94%	7.56%
2016	1.84%	7.33%
2017	1.74%	7.1%
2018	1.64%	6.88%
2019	1.56%	6.67%
2020	1.48%	6.46%
2021	1.43%	6.25%
2022	1.39%	6.05%
2023	1.36%	5.85%