Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Latvia

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Latvia by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Latvia

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Latvia
2023	1.31	1.36
2022	1.41	1.47
2021	1.61	1.57
2020	1.58	1.55
2019	1.66	1.61
2018	1.67	1.6
2017	1.59	1.69
2016	1.6	1.74
2015	1.58	1.7
2014	1.54	1.65
2013	1.52	1.52
2012	1.56	1.44
2011	1.61	1.33
2010	1.72	1.36
2009	1.7	1.46
2008	1.72	1.58
2007	1.69	1.54
2006	1.58	1.46
2005	1.52	1.39
2004	1.47	1.29
2003	1.37	1.32
2002	1.36	1.26
2001	1.32	1.22
2000	1.36	1.25
1999	1.3	1.16
1998	1.28	1.09
1997	1.32	1.11
1996	1.37	1.16
1995	1.38	1.25
1994	1.42	1.39
1993	1.49	1.51
1992	1.71	1.73
1991	1.8	1.86
1990	2.05	2.02
1989	2.22	2.05
1988	2.27	2.11
1987	2.27	2.15
1986	2.18	2.12
1985	2.13	2.08
1984	2.17	2.09
1983	2.16	2.07
1982	2.07	1.97
1981	2.07	1.88
1980	2.02	1.86
1979	2	1.87
1978	2.02	1.87
1977	2.06	1.89
1976	2.07	1.93
1975	2.04	1.96
1974	2.07	1.97
1973	2.06	1.98
1972	2.13	2
1971	2.19	2
1970	2.17	1.96
1969	2.13	1.88
1968	2.03	1.83
1967	1.9	1.8
1966	1.87	1.76
1965	1.88	1.74
1964	1.94	1.79
1963	1.89	1.85
1962	1.95	1.91
1961	1.98	1.94
1960	1.98	1.94

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.36 in Latvia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Latvia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Latvia

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Latvia
2023	-5,070	-13,563
2022	-5,665	-14,847
2021	-5,324	-17,337
2020	-2,659	-11,402
2019	-1,327	-8,995
2018	-1,322	-9,636
2017	-1,713	-7,963
2016	-1,316	-6,663
2015	-1,315	-6,526
2014	-1,972	-6,779
2013	-1,713	-8,252
2012	-1,455	-9,154
2011	-531	-9,886
2010	0	-10,278
2009	-400	-7,924
2008	-668	-6,531
2007	-1,608	-9,021
2006	-2,559	-10,204
2005	-2,981	-10,746
2004	-3,679	-11,542
2003	-5,072	-11,439
2002	-5,380	-12,475
2001	-5,830	-13,322
2000	-5,309	-11,838
1999	-6,117	-13,387
1998	-7,208	-15,906
1997	-6,018	-14,841
1996	-5,662	-14,498
1995	-7,327	-17,396
1994	-8,044	-17,645
1993	-5,976	-12,560
1992	-1,993	-3,660
1991	-312	0
1990	2,825	2,929
1989	5,803	6,401
1988	6,404	9,022
1987	6,829	9,981
1986	6,160	10,660
1985	4,281	5,673
1984	5,163	7,430
1983	5,884	8,147
1982	5,244	6,327
1981	4,612	3,779
1980	3,989	3,265
1979	3,818	2,506
1978	4,088	2,997
1977	4,931	3,480
1976	4,319	4,200
1975	4,717	4,913
1974	5,956	6,824
1973	5,623	6,040
1972	6,267	7,666
1971	7,160	8,793
1970	6,257	7,785
1969	5,515	6,561
1968	5,592	7,668
1967	5,012	7,825
1966	4,842	8,677
1965	5,437	8,384
1964	6,897	12,100
1963	6,043	11,055
1962	6,457	11,562
1961	7,228	14,207
1960	7,511	14,211

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and -0.72% in Latvia.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and -0.54% in Latvia.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Latvia by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Latvia

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Latvia
2023	8	7.7
2022	8.6	8.5
2021	10	9.2
2020	9.9	9.2
2019	10.6	9.8
2018	10.9	10
2017	10.5	10.7
2016	10.7	11.2
2015	10.6	11.1
2014	10.3	10.9
2013	10.3	10.2
2012	10.6	9.8
2011	11.1	9.1
2010	11.9	9.4
2009	11.8	10.3
2008	12	11.2
2007	11.8	10.9
2006	11	10.3
2005	10.6	9.8
2004	10.3	9.1
2003	9.5	9.2
2002	9.4	8.7
2001	9.1	8.4
2000	9.4	8.6
1999	9	8.1
1998	8.8	7.6
1997	9	7.7
1996	9.4	8.1
1995	9.4	8.7
1994	9.7	9.6
1993	10.2	10.4
1992	11.8	12.1
1991	12.4	13.1
1990	14.2	14.2
1989	15.5	14.6
1988	16	15.6
1987	16.2	16
1986	15.7	16.1
1985	15.5	15.4
1984	16	15.9
1983	16	15.9
1982	15.4	14.8
1981	15.4	14.2
1980	15	14.1
1979	14.9	13.8
1978	15	13.7
1977	15.2	13.8
1976	15.1	14
1975	14.9	14.2
1974	15.1	14.3
1973	15.1	14.1
1972	15.6	14.6
1971	16.1	14.8
1970	15.8	14.6
1969	15.4	14
1968	14.9	14.1
1967	14.2	14
1966	14.2	14
1965	14.6	13.8
1964	15.4	14.8
1963	15.3	15.3
1962	16.1	16.1
1961	16.5	16.7
1960	16.7	16.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 7.7 in Latvia, compared with 16.7 and 16.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Latvia

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Latvia
2100	11.7%	10.9%
2099	11.7%	10.9%
2098	11.8%	11%
2097	11.9%	11.1%
2096	11.9%	11.2%
2095	12%	11.2%
2094	12.1%	11.3%
2093	12.2%	11.4%
2092	12.3%	11.5%
2091	12.4%	11.6%
2090	12.4%	11.7%
2089	12.5%	11.8%
2088	12.5%	11.9%
2087	12.6%	11.9%
2086	12.6%	11.9%
2085	12.6%	11.9%
2084	12.5%	11.9%
2083	12.5%	11.9%
2082	12.4%	11.8%
2081	12.3%	11.8%
2080	12.3%	11.7%
2079	12.2%	11.6%
2078	12.1%	11.5%
2077	12%	11.4%
2076	11.9%	11.3%
2075	11.8%	11.2%
2074	11.7%	11.1%
2073	11.7%	11.1%
2072	11.6%	11%
2071	11.6%	11%
2070	11.6%	11%
2069	11.6%	11.1%
2068	11.7%	11.1%
2067	11.7%	11.2%
2066	11.8%	11.3%
2065	11.9%	11.5%
2064	12.1%	11.6%
2063	12.2%	11.8%
2062	12.4%	12%
2061	12.5%	12.1%
2060	12.7%	12.3%
2059	12.8%	12.5%
2058	12.9%	12.6%
2057	13%	12.7%
2056	13.1%	12.8%
2055	13.2%	12.9%
2054	13.2%	12.9%
2053	13.2%	13%
2052	13.2%	12.9%
2051	13.1%	12.9%
2050	13%	12.8%
2049	12.9%	12.7%
2048	12.8%	12.6%
2047	12.7%	12.4%
2046	12.5%	12.3%
2045	12.4%	12.2%
2044	12.3%	12%
2043	12.1%	11.9%
2042	12%	11.8%
2041	11.9%	11.7%
2040	11.9%	11.6%
2039	11.8%	11.6%
2038	11.8%	11.5%
2037	11.9%	11.6%
2036	12.1%	11.8%
2035	12.3%	12%
2034	12.6%	12.3%
2033	12.9%	12.6%
2032	13.2%	13%
2031	13.6%	13.4%
2030	13.9%	13.9%
2029	14.2%	14.3%
2028	14.4%	14.6%
2027	14.7%	14.9%
2026	15%	15.1%
2025	15.5%	15.3%
2024	15.6%	15.4%
2023	16%	15.7%
2022	16.2%	15.9%
2021	16.4%	16%
2020	16.4%	16%
2019	16.4%	15.9%
2018	16.4%	15.8%
2017	16.3%	15.7%
2016	16.2%	15.4%
2015	16%	15.1%
2014	15.9%	14.8%
2013	15.7%	14.6%
2012	15.6%	14.4%
2011	15.4%	14.2%
2010	15.2%	14.2%
2009	15%	14.1%
2008	14.9%	14%
2007	14.9%	14.1%
2006	15%	14.4%
2005	15.2%	14.7%
2004	15.6%	15.2%
2003	16.1%	15.8%
2002	16.6%	16.4%
2001	17.2%	17%
2000	17.6%	17.7%
1999	18.4%	18.3%
1998	19.2%	19%
1997	19.8%	19.7%
1996	20.3%	20.2%
1995	20.7%	20.7%
1994	21.1%	21%
1993	21.4%	21.2%
1992	21.8%	21.4%
1991	22.1%	21.5%
1990	22.3%	21.5%
1989	22.3%	21.4%
1988	22.2%	21.4%
1987	22.2%	21.3%
1986	22.1%	21.3%
1985	22.1%	21.2%
1984	22.1%	21.1%
1983	22%	20.9%
1982	21.9%	20.8%
1981	21.8%	20.6%
1980	21.7%	20.5%
1979	21.6%	20.4%
1978	21.5%	20.5%
1977	21.5%	20.6%
1976	21.6%	20.8%
1975	21.6%	21%
1974	21.8%	21.2%
1973	21.9%	21.3%
1972	22%	21.5%
1971	22%	21.5%
1970	22.1%	21.6%
1969	22.1%	21.6%
1968	22.2%	21.7%
1967	22.3%	21.8%
1966	22.6%	22%
1965	22.8%	22.2%
1964	23%	22.4%
1963	23.2%	22.5%
1962	23.3%	22.6%
1961	23.3%	22.4%
1960	23.1%	22.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 15.4% in Latvia in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 21.5% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Latvia compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Latvia

Chart Table

Estonia

Latvia

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Latvia
2023	5	19
2022	7	29
2021	8	42
2020	6	21
2019	6	22
2018	5	23
2017	5	23
2016	7	23
2015	6	22
2014	7	22
2013	6	24
2012	8	20
2011	9	22
2010	8	22
2009	10	24
2008	11	25
2007	13	27
2006	13	28
2005	15	27
2004	15	28
2003	18	30
2002	22	29
2001	25	32
2000	27	34
1999	28	40
1998	32	40
1997	31	41
1996	36	45
1995	45	59
1994	60	65
1993	46	57
1992	40	48
1991	42	46
1990	44	47
1989	48	46
1988	43	42
1987	42	44
1986	46	43
1985	56	51

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 19 deaths in Latvia.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Latvia

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Latvia
2023	0.21%	0.3%
2022	0.22%	0.32%
2021	0.23%	0.35%
2020	0.24%	0.37%
2019	0.25%	0.4%
2018	0.27%	0.42%
2017	0.28%	0.45%
2016	0.3%	0.47%
2015	0.32%	0.51%
2014	0.34%	0.55%
2013	0.36%	0.6%
2012	0.39%	0.66%
2011	0.42%	0.72%
2010	0.46%	0.78%
2009	0.5%	0.83%
2008	0.54%	0.88%
2007	0.59%	0.93%
2006	0.65%	0.99%
2005	0.71%	1.05%
2004	0.78%	1.12%
2003	0.85%	1.19%
2002	0.93%	1.26%
2001	1.01%	1.33%
2000	1.1%	1.42%
1999	1.2%	1.54%
1998	1.29%	1.67%
1997	1.39%	1.79%
1996	1.48%	1.9%
1995	1.57%	1.98%
1994	1.64%	2%
1993	1.69%	1.99%
1992	1.73%	1.93%
1991	1.75%	1.83%
1990	1.77%	1.7%
1989	1.79%	1.58%
1988	1.81%	1.53%
1987	1.83%	1.55%
1986	1.86%	1.64%
1985	1.91%	1.75%
1984	1.96%	1.87%
1983	2.02%	1.96%
1982	2.09%	2.03%
1981	2.16%	2.06%
1980	2.24%	2.07%
1979	-	2.08%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 0.3% in Latvia. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.