Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Spain

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Spain by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Spain

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Spain
2023	1.31	1.12
2022	1.41	1.16
2021	1.61	1.18
2020	1.58	1.18
2019	1.66	1.23
2018	1.67	1.26
2017	1.59	1.31
2016	1.6	1.33
2015	1.58	1.33
2014	1.54	1.32
2013	1.52	1.27
2012	1.56	1.32
2011	1.61	1.34
2010	1.72	1.37
2009	1.7	1.38
2008	1.72	1.45
2007	1.69	1.38
2006	1.58	1.36
2005	1.52	1.33
2004	1.47	1.31
2003	1.37	1.3
2002	1.36	1.25
2001	1.32	1.23
2000	1.36	1.22
1999	1.3	1.17
1998	1.28	1.13
1997	1.32	1.15
1996	1.37	1.14
1995	1.38	1.16
1994	1.42	1.19
1993	1.49	1.26
1992	1.71	1.31
1991	1.8	1.33
1990	2.05	1.36
1989	2.22	1.4
1988	2.27	1.45
1987	2.27	1.49
1986	2.18	1.56
1985	2.13	1.64
1984	2.17	1.73
1983	2.16	1.8
1982	2.07	1.94
1981	2.07	2.04
1980	2.02	2.22
1979	2	2.37
1978	2.02	2.54
1977	2.06	2.65
1976	2.07	2.77
1975	2.04	2.77
1974	2.07	2.88
1973	2.06	2.84
1972	2.13	2.87
1971	2.19	2.9
1970	2.17	2.84
1969	2.13	2.86
1968	2.03	2.87
1967	1.9	2.94
1966	1.87	2.91
1965	1.88	2.94
1964	1.94	3.01
1963	1.89	2.88
1962	1.95	2.8
1961	1.98	2.77
1960	1.98	2.86

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.12 in Spain in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Spain population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Spain

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Spain
2023	-5,070	-111,211
2022	-5,665	-133,801
2021	-5,324	-113,865
2020	-2,659	-151,551
2019	-1,327	-56,542
2018	-1,322	-56,139
2017	-1,713	-32,600
2016	-1,316	0
2015	-1,315	-4,642
2014	-1,972	32,522
2013	-1,713	37,284
2012	-1,455	51,450
2011	-531	84,137
2010	0	102,469
2009	-400	106,635
2008	-668	133,267
2007	-1,608	108,545
2006	-2,559	110,994
2005	-2,981	78,576
2004	-3,679	85,844
2003	-5,072	54,844
2002	-5,380	53,861
2001	-5,830	44,936
2000	-5,309	36,512
1999	-6,117	8,077
1998	-7,208	4,022
1997	-6,018	20,028
1996	-5,662	11,967
1995	-7,327	15,889
1994	-8,044	31,639
1993	-5,976	47,234
1992	-1,993	62,652
1991	-312	58,450
1990	2,825	66,075
1989	5,803	81,538
1988	6,404	100,794
1987	6,829	116,054
1986	6,160	131,188
1985	4,281	146,184
1984	5,163	172,487
1983	5,884	183,223
1982	5,244	231,714
1981	4,612	237,879
1980	3,989	281,184
1979	3,818	312,407
1978	4,088	339,157
1977	4,931	361,465
1976	4,319	375,834
1975	4,717	371,882
1974	5,956	396,182
1973	5,623	374,381
1972	6,267	391,030
1971	7,160	369,625
1970	6,257	378,723
1969	5,515	367,851
1968	5,592	387,423
1967	5,012	402,001
1966	4,842	397,084
1965	5,437	405,819
1964	6,897	429,885
1963	6,043	394,338
1962	6,457	384,690
1961	7,228	396,537
1960	7,511	398,960

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and -0.23% in Spain.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and -0.13% in Spain.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Spain by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Spain

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Spain
2023	8	6.7
2022	8.6	6.9
2021	10	7.1
2020	9.9	7.2
2019	10.6	7.6
2018	10.9	7.9
2017	10.5	8.4
2016	10.7	8.8
2015	10.6	9
2014	10.3	9.2
2013	10.3	9.1
2012	10.6	9.7
2011	11.1	10.1
2010	11.9	10.4
2009	11.8	10.6
2008	12	11.3
2007	11.8	10.9
2006	11	10.8
2005	10.6	10.6
2004	10.3	10.6
2003	9.5	10.4
2002	9.4	10.1
2001	9.1	9.9
2000	9.4	9.8
1999	9	9.4
1998	8.8	9.1
1997	9	9.2
1996	9.4	9.1
1995	9.4	9.1
1994	9.7	9.4
1993	10.2	9.8
1992	11.8	10.1
1991	12.4	10.2
1990	14.2	10.3
1989	15.5	10.5
1988	16	10.8
1987	16.2	11
1986	15.7	11.4
1985	15.5	11.9
1984	16	12.3
1983	16	12.7
1982	15.4	13.6
1981	15.4	14.1
1980	15	15.2
1979	14.9	16.2
1978	15	17.3
1977	15.2	18
1976	15.1	18.7
1975	14.9	18.7
1974	15.1	19.5
1973	15.1	19.2
1972	15.6	19.4
1971	16.1	19.6
1970	15.8	19.5
1969	15.4	19.9
1968	14.9	20.1
1967	14.2	20.7
1966	14.2	20.7
1965	14.6	21.1
1964	15.4	22
1963	15.3	21.4
1962	16.1	21.1
1961	16.5	21.2
1960	16.7	21.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 6.7 in Spain, compared with 16.7 and 21.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Spain

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Spain
2100	11.7%	11.6%
2099	11.7%	11.6%
2098	11.8%	11.7%
2097	11.9%	11.7%
2096	11.9%	11.7%
2095	12%	11.8%
2094	12.1%	11.8%
2093	12.2%	11.9%
2092	12.3%	11.9%
2091	12.4%	11.9%
2090	12.4%	12%
2089	12.5%	12%
2088	12.5%	12%
2087	12.6%	12.1%
2086	12.6%	12.1%
2085	12.6%	12.1%
2084	12.5%	12%
2083	12.5%	12%
2082	12.4%	12%
2081	12.3%	11.9%
2080	12.3%	11.9%
2079	12.2%	11.8%
2078	12.1%	11.7%
2077	12%	11.6%
2076	11.9%	11.6%
2075	11.8%	11.5%
2074	11.7%	11.4%
2073	11.7%	11.3%
2072	11.6%	11.2%
2071	11.6%	11.2%
2070	11.6%	11.1%
2069	11.6%	11.1%
2068	11.7%	11%
2067	11.7%	11%
2066	11.8%	11%
2065	11.9%	11%
2064	12.1%	11%
2063	12.2%	11.1%
2062	12.4%	11.1%
2061	12.5%	11.2%
2060	12.7%	11.2%
2059	12.8%	11.3%
2058	12.9%	11.4%
2057	13%	11.4%
2056	13.1%	11.5%
2055	13.2%	11.5%
2054	13.2%	11.5%
2053	13.2%	11.5%
2052	13.2%	11.5%
2051	13.1%	11.5%
2050	13%	11.5%
2049	12.9%	11.4%
2048	12.8%	11.4%
2047	12.7%	11.3%
2046	12.5%	11.2%
2045	12.4%	11.1%
2044	12.3%	11.1%
2043	12.1%	11%
2042	12%	10.9%
2041	11.9%	10.9%
2040	11.9%	10.8%
2039	11.8%	10.8%
2038	11.8%	10.7%
2037	11.9%	10.7%
2036	12.1%	10.7%
2035	12.3%	10.7%
2034	12.6%	10.8%
2033	12.9%	10.9%
2032	13.2%	11.1%
2031	13.6%	11.3%
2030	13.9%	11.5%
2029	14.2%	11.7%
2028	14.4%	11.9%
2027	14.7%	12.2%
2026	15%	12.5%
2025	15.5%	12.8%
2024	15.6%	12.9%
2023	16%	13.3%
2022	16.2%	13.6%
2021	16.4%	13.9%
2020	16.4%	14.2%
2019	16.4%	14.4%
2018	16.4%	14.7%
2017	16.3%	14.8%
2016	16.2%	14.9%
2015	16%	15%
2014	15.9%	15.1%
2013	15.7%	15.1%
2012	15.6%	15.1%
2011	15.4%	15%
2010	15.2%	14.9%
2009	15%	14.8%
2008	14.9%	14.7%
2007	14.9%	14.6%
2006	15%	14.5%
2005	15.2%	14.5%
2004	15.6%	14.5%
2003	16.1%	14.5%
2002	16.6%	14.6%
2001	17.2%	14.7%
2000	17.6%	14.8%
1999	18.4%	15%
1998	19.2%	15.3%
1997	19.8%	15.7%
1996	20.3%	16.1%
1995	20.7%	16.6%
1994	21.1%	17.2%
1993	21.4%	17.8%
1992	21.8%	18.4%
1991	22.1%	19.1%
1990	22.3%	19.8%
1989	22.3%	20.5%
1988	22.2%	21.2%
1987	22.2%	21.9%
1986	22.1%	22.5%
1985	22.1%	23.2%
1984	22.1%	23.8%
1983	22%	24.4%
1982	21.9%	24.9%
1981	21.8%	25.5%
1980	21.7%	26%
1979	21.6%	26.4%
1978	21.5%	26.8%
1977	21.5%	27%
1976	21.6%	27.2%
1975	21.6%	27.3%
1974	21.8%	27.5%
1973	21.9%	27.7%
1972	22%	27.8%
1971	22%	27.8%
1970	22.1%	27.9%
1969	22.1%	27.8%
1968	22.2%	27.8%
1967	22.3%	27.7%
1966	22.6%	27.6%
1965	22.8%	27.5%
1964	23%	27.4%
1963	23.2%	27.4%
1962	23.3%	27.4%
1961	23.3%	27.4%
1960	23.1%	27.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 12.9% in Spain in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 19.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Spain compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Spain

Chart Table

Estonia

Spain

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Spain
2023	5	3
2022	7	4
2021	8	4
2020	6	4
2019	6	3
2018	5	3
2017	5	3
2016	7	3
2015	6	4
2014	7	4
2013	6	4
2012	8	4
2011	9	4
2010	8	4
2009	10	4
2008	11	4
2007	13	4
2006	13	4
2005	15	5
2004	15	5
2003	18	4
2002	22	5
2001	25	5
2000	27	5
1999	28	5
1998	32	5
1997	31	5
1996	36	6
1995	45	6
1994	60	6
1993	46	6
1992	40	6
1991	42	6
1990	44	6
1989	48	7
1988	43	7
1987	42	7
1986	46	7
1985	56	6

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 3 deaths in Spain.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Spain

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Spain
2023	0.21%	0.31%
2022	0.22%	0.31%
2021	0.23%	0.31%
2020	0.24%	0.32%
2019	0.25%	0.32%
2018	0.27%	0.32%
2017	0.28%	0.32%
2016	0.3%	0.33%
2015	0.32%	0.33%
2014	0.34%	0.34%
2013	0.36%	0.35%
2012	0.39%	0.36%
2011	0.42%	0.37%
2010	0.46%	0.38%
2009	0.5%	0.4%
2008	0.54%	0.42%
2007	0.59%	0.44%
2006	0.65%	0.45%
2005	0.71%	0.47%
2004	0.78%	0.49%
2003	0.85%	0.5%
2002	0.93%	0.51%
2001	1.01%	0.53%
2000	1.1%	0.54%
1999	1.2%	0.56%
1998	1.29%	0.58%
1997	1.39%	0.61%
1996	1.48%	0.65%
1995	1.57%	0.69%
1994	1.64%	0.74%
1993	1.69%	0.79%
1992	1.73%	0.83%
1991	1.75%	0.88%
1990	1.77%	0.92%
1989	1.79%	0.95%
1988	1.81%	0.99%
1987	1.83%	1.03%
1986	1.86%	1.07%
1985	1.91%	1.11%
1984	1.96%	1.17%
1983	2.02%	1.23%
1982	2.09%	1.3%
1981	2.16%	1.38%
1980	2.24%	1.49%
1979	-	1.61%
1978	-	1.74%
1977	-	1.87%
1976	-	2.02%
1975	-	2.17%
1974	-	2.33%
1973	-	2.52%
1972	-	2.72%
1971	-	2.94%
1970	-	3.16%
1969	-	3.39%
1968	-	3.61%
1967	-	3.83%
1966	-	4.03%
1965	-	4.23%
1964	-	4.45%
1963	-	4.68%
1962	-	4.94%
1961	-	5.2%
1960	-	5.47%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 0.31% in Spain. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.