Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and United Kingdom

Fertility rate in Estonia vs United Kingdom by year

Chart Table

Estonia

United Kingdom

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	United Kingdom
2023	1.31	1.56
2022	1.41	1.56
2021	1.61	1.58
2020	1.58	1.57
2019	1.66	1.63
2018	1.67	1.68
2017	1.59	1.74
2016	1.6	1.79
2015	1.58	1.8
2014	1.54	1.81
2013	1.52	1.83
2012	1.56	1.92
2011	1.61	1.91
2010	1.72	1.92
2009	1.7	1.89
2008	1.72	1.91
2007	1.69	1.86
2006	1.58	1.82
2005	1.52	1.76
2004	1.47	1.75
2003	1.37	1.7
2002	1.36	1.63
2001	1.32	1.63
2000	1.36	1.64
1999	1.3	1.68
1998	1.28	1.71
1997	1.32	1.72
1996	1.37	1.73
1995	1.38	1.71
1994	1.42	1.74
1993	1.49	1.76
1992	1.71	1.79
1991	1.8	1.82
1990	2.05	1.83
1989	2.22	1.79
1988	2.27	1.82
1987	2.27	1.81
1986	2.18	1.78
1985	2.13	1.79
1984	2.17	1.77
1983	2.16	1.77
1982	2.07	1.78
1981	2.07	1.82
1980	2.02	1.9
1979	2	1.86
1978	2.02	1.75
1977	2.06	1.69
1976	2.07	1.74
1975	2.04	1.81
1974	2.07	1.92
1973	2.06	2.04
1972	2.13	2.2
1971	2.19	2.41
1970	2.17	2.44
1969	2.13	2.51
1968	2.03	2.6
1967	1.9	2.68
1966	1.87	2.78
1965	1.88	2.86
1964	1.94	2.93
1963	1.89	2.88
1962	1.95	2.86
1961	1.98	2.78
1960	1.98	2.69

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.56 in the United Kingdom in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs the United Kingdom population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

United Kingdom

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	United Kingdom
2023	-5,070	34,589
2022	-5,665	39,751
2021	-5,324	30,612
2020	-2,659	-4,272
2019	-1,327	108,342
2018	-1,322	119,321
2017	-1,713	145,125
2016	-1,316	177,139
2015	-1,315	175,738
2014	-1,972	206,784
2013	-1,713	198,830
2012	-1,455	248,473
2011	-531	259,361
2010	0	251,066
2009	-400	230,422
2008	-668	216,325
2007	-1,608	196,232
2006	-2,559	176,455
2005	-2,981	144,963
2004	-3,679	131,974
2003	-5,072	89,471
2002	-5,380	65,308
2001	-5,830	65,032
2000	-5,309	70,671
1999	-6,117	64,551
1998	-7,208	87,730
1997	-6,018	99,138
1996	-5,662	98,884
1995	-7,327	87,028
1994	-8,044	127,304
1993	-5,976	103,893
1992	-1,993	149,709
1991	-312	143,562
1990	2,825	154,569
1989	5,803	119,861
1988	6,404	136,628
1987	6,829	136,325
1986	6,160	90,690
1985	4,281	79,170
1984	5,163	84,633
1983	5,884	61,966
1982	5,244	56,314
1981	4,612	73,234
1980	3,989	95,734
1979	3,818	61,872
1978	4,088	16,859
1977	4,931	0
1976	4,319	-5,621
1975	4,717	33,735
1974	5,956	67,476
1973	5,623	112,389
1972	6,267	162,650
1971	7,160	257,123
1970	6,257	244,918
1969	5,515	260,577
1968	5,592	292,622
1967	5,012	346,145
1966	4,842	333,356
1965	5,437	364,132
1964	6,897	405,000
1963	6,043	337,995
1962	6,457	340,800
1961	7,228	311,519
1960	7,511	314,400

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +0.05% in the United Kingdom.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +0.16% in the United Kingdom.

Birth rate in Estonia vs United Kingdom by year

Chart Table

Estonia

United Kingdom

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	United Kingdom
2023	8	10
2022	8.6	10.1
2021	10	10.2
2020	9.9	10.2
2019	10.6	10.6
2018	10.9	11
2017	10.5	11.4
2016	10.7	11.8
2015	10.6	11.9
2014	10.3	12
2013	10.3	12.1
2012	10.6	12.8
2011	11.1	12.8
2010	11.9	12.9
2009	11.8	12.7
2008	12	12.9
2007	11.8	12.6
2006	11	12.3
2005	10.6	12
2004	10.3	11.9
2003	9.5	11.7
2002	9.4	11.3
2001	9.1	11.3
2000	9.4	11.5
1999	9	11.9
1998	8.8	12.3
1997	9	12.5
1996	9.4	12.6
1995	9.4	12.6
1994	9.7	13
1993	10.2	13.2
1992	11.8	13.6
1991	12.4	13.8
1990	14.2	13.9
1989	15.5	13.6
1988	16	13.8
1987	16.2	13.7
1986	15.7	13.3
1985	15.5	13.3
1984	16	12.9
1983	16	12.8
1982	15.4	12.8
1981	15.4	13
1980	15	13.4
1979	14.9	13.1
1978	15	12.2
1977	15.2	11.7
1976	15.1	12
1975	14.9	12.4
1974	15.1	13.1
1973	15.1	13.9
1972	15.6	14.9
1971	16.1	16.1
1970	15.8	16.2
1969	15.4	16.6
1968	14.9	17.2
1967	14.2	17.5
1966	14.2	17.9
1965	14.6	18.3
1964	15.4	18.8
1963	15.3	18.5
1962	16.1	18.3
1961	16.5	17.9
1960	16.7	17.5

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 10 in the United Kingdom, compared with 16.7 and 17.5, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

United Kingdom

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	United Kingdom
2100	11.7%	13.4%
2099	11.7%	13.4%
2098	11.8%	13.4%
2097	11.9%	13.5%
2096	11.9%	13.5%
2095	12%	13.6%
2094	12.1%	13.6%
2093	12.2%	13.7%
2092	12.3%	13.7%
2091	12.4%	13.8%
2090	12.4%	13.8%
2089	12.5%	13.8%
2088	12.5%	13.9%
2087	12.6%	13.9%
2086	12.6%	13.9%
2085	12.6%	13.9%
2084	12.5%	13.9%
2083	12.5%	13.9%
2082	12.4%	13.9%
2081	12.3%	13.9%
2080	12.3%	13.9%
2079	12.2%	13.8%
2078	12.1%	13.8%
2077	12%	13.8%
2076	11.9%	13.8%
2075	11.8%	13.8%
2074	11.7%	13.8%
2073	11.7%	13.8%
2072	11.6%	13.8%
2071	11.6%	13.8%
2070	11.6%	13.8%
2069	11.6%	13.8%
2068	11.7%	13.9%
2067	11.7%	13.9%
2066	11.8%	14%
2065	11.9%	14.1%
2064	12.1%	14.2%
2063	12.2%	14.3%
2062	12.4%	14.4%
2061	12.5%	14.5%
2060	12.7%	14.5%
2059	12.8%	14.6%
2058	12.9%	14.7%
2057	13%	14.8%
2056	13.1%	14.9%
2055	13.2%	15%
2054	13.2%	15%
2053	13.2%	15%
2052	13.2%	15.1%
2051	13.1%	15.1%
2050	13%	15.1%
2049	12.9%	15%
2048	12.8%	15%
2047	12.7%	15%
2046	12.5%	14.9%
2045	12.4%	14.9%
2044	12.3%	14.9%
2043	12.1%	14.8%
2042	12%	14.8%
2041	11.9%	14.8%
2040	11.9%	14.8%
2039	11.8%	14.8%
2038	11.8%	14.9%
2037	11.9%	14.9%
2036	12.1%	14.9%
2035	12.3%	15%
2034	12.6%	15.1%
2033	12.9%	15.3%
2032	13.2%	15.4%
2031	13.6%	15.6%
2030	13.9%	15.9%
2029	14.2%	16.1%
2028	14.4%	16.3%
2027	14.7%	16.6%
2026	15%	16.8%
2025	15.5%	17.1%
2024	15.6%	17.2%
2023	16%	17.4%
2022	16.2%	17.6%
2021	16.4%	17.8%
2020	16.4%	18%
2019	16.4%	18%
2018	16.4%	18.1%
2017	16.3%	18%
2016	16.2%	18%
2015	16%	17.9%
2014	15.9%	17.8%
2013	15.7%	17.8%
2012	15.6%	17.8%
2011	15.4%	17.7%
2010	15.2%	17.8%
2009	15%	17.8%
2008	14.9%	17.8%
2007	14.9%	17.9%
2006	15%	18%
2005	15.2%	18.2%
2004	15.6%	18.3%
2003	16.1%	18.4%
2002	16.6%	18.5%
2001	17.2%	18.7%
2000	17.6%	18.9%
1999	18.4%	19.2%
1998	19.2%	19.3%
1997	19.8%	19.3%
1996	20.3%	19.4%
1995	20.7%	19.5%
1994	21.1%	19.6%
1993	21.4%	19.5%
1992	21.8%	19.4%
1991	22.1%	19.3%
1990	22.3%	19.1%
1989	22.3%	19.1%
1988	22.2%	18.9%
1987	22.2%	18.9%
1986	22.1%	19.1%
1985	22.1%	19.3%
1984	22.1%	19.5%
1983	22%	19.8%
1982	21.9%	20.2%
1981	21.8%	20.6%
1980	21.7%	21%
1979	21.6%	21.4%
1978	21.5%	21.9%
1977	21.5%	22.4%
1976	21.6%	22.9%
1975	21.6%	23.3%
1974	21.8%	23.6%
1973	21.9%	23.9%
1972	22%	24%
1971	22%	24.1%
1970	22.1%	24.1%
1969	22.1%	24%
1968	22.2%	23.9%
1967	22.3%	23.7%
1966	22.6%	23.5%
1965	22.8%	23.4%
1964	23%	23.3%
1963	23.2%	23.2%
1962	23.3%	23.2%
1961	23.3%	23.3%
1960	23.1%	23.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 17.2% in the United Kingdom in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 19.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and the United Kingdom compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs United Kingdom

Chart Table

Estonia

United Kingdom

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	United Kingdom
2023	5	8
2022	7	15
2021	8	13
2020	6	14
2019	6	9
2018	5	9
2017	5	9
2016	7	9
2015	6	9
2014	7	9
2013	6	9
2012	8	9
2011	9	10
2010	8	10
2009	10	11
2008	11	11
2007	13	11
2006	13	12
2005	15	12
2004	15	13
2003	18	14
2002	22	13
2001	25	13
2000	27	12
1999	28	11
1998	32	10
1997	31	9
1996	36	8
1995	45	9
1994	60	9
1993	46	8
1992	40	7
1991	42	7
1990	44	6
1989	48	5
1988	43	4
1987	42	3
1986	46	2
1985	56	2

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 8 deaths in the United Kingdom.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

United Kingdom

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	United Kingdom
2023	0.21%	0.45%
2022	0.22%	0.45%
2021	0.23%	0.44%
2020	0.24%	0.44%
2019	0.25%	0.44%
2018	0.27%	0.44%
2017	0.28%	0.44%
2016	0.3%	0.44%
2015	0.32%	0.45%
2014	0.34%	0.45%
2013	0.36%	0.46%
2012	0.39%	0.48%
2011	0.42%	0.5%
2010	0.46%	0.52%
2009	0.5%	0.54%
2008	0.54%	0.56%
2007	0.59%	0.58%
2006	0.65%	0.59%
2005	0.71%	0.6%
2004	0.78%	0.61%
2003	0.85%	0.63%
2002	0.93%	0.63%
2001	1.01%	0.64%
2000	1.1%	0.65%
1999	1.2%	0.67%
1998	1.29%	0.68%
1997	1.39%	0.69%
1996	1.48%	0.7%
1995	1.57%	0.72%
1994	1.64%	0.74%
1993	1.69%	0.77%
1992	1.73%	0.82%
1991	1.75%	0.87%
1990	1.77%	0.93%
1989	1.79%	0.99%
1988	1.81%	1.04%
1987	1.83%	1.08%
1986	1.86%	1.11%
1985	1.91%	1.14%
1984	1.96%	1.17%
1983	2.02%	1.22%
1982	2.09%	1.27%
1981	2.16%	1.34%
1980	2.24%	1.41%
1979	-	1.49%
1978	-	1.57%
1977	-	1.64%
1976	-	1.72%
1975	-	1.8%
1974	-	1.87%
1973	-	1.94%
1972	-	2%
1971	-	2.06%
1970	-	2.1%
1969	-	2.14%
1968	-	2.18%
1967	-	2.22%
1966	-	2.28%
1965	-	2.34%
1964	-	2.42%
1963	-	2.49%
1962	-	2.56%
1961	-	2.61%
1960	-	2.66%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 0.45% in the United Kingdom. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.