Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Nepal

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Nepal by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Nepal

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Nepal
2023	1.31	1.98
2022	1.41	2
2021	1.61	2.03
2020	1.58	2.05
2019	1.66	2.08
2018	1.67	2.12
2017	1.59	2.17
2016	1.6	2.23
2015	1.58	2.27
2014	1.54	2.32
2013	1.52	2.36
2012	1.56	2.42
2011	1.61	2.46
2010	1.72	2.54
2009	1.7	2.63
2008	1.72	2.74
2007	1.69	2.86
2006	1.58	2.97
2005	1.52	3.12
2004	1.47	3.28
2003	1.37	3.44
2002	1.36	3.6
2001	1.32	3.79
2000	1.36	3.98
1999	1.3	4.13
1998	1.28	4.28
1997	1.32	4.44
1996	1.37	4.67
1995	1.38	4.87
1994	1.42	4.96
1993	1.49	5.04
1992	1.71	5.07
1991	1.8	5.15
1990	2.05	5.21
1989	2.22	5.26
1988	2.27	5.31
1987	2.27	5.35
1986	2.18	5.4
1985	2.13	5.46
1984	2.17	5.51
1983	2.16	5.54
1982	2.07	5.55
1981	2.07	5.58
1980	2.02	5.6
1979	2	5.64
1978	2.02	5.68
1977	2.06	5.69
1976	2.07	5.72
1975	2.04	5.73
1974	2.07	5.75
1973	2.06	5.7
1972	2.13	5.8
1971	2.19	5.85
1970	2.17	5.87
1969	2.13	5.89
1968	2.03	5.94
1967	1.9	5.95
1966	1.87	5.98
1965	1.88	6.01
1964	1.94	6.04
1963	1.89	6.06
1962	1.95	6.08
1961	1.98	6.09
1960	1.98	6.07

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.98 in Nepal in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Nepal population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Nepal

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Nepal
2023	-5,070	368,450
2022	-5,665	379,021
2021	-5,324	351,165
2020	-2,659	373,553
2019	-1,327	387,113
2018	-1,322	394,576
2017	-1,713	406,219
2016	-1,316	415,921
2015	-1,315	410,565
2014	-1,972	423,166
2013	-1,713	424,804
2012	-1,455	430,151
2011	-531	429,957
2010	0	432,631
2009	-400	441,290
2008	-668	452,353
2007	-1,608	464,780
2006	-2,559	475,335
2005	-2,981	489,093
2004	-3,679	504,853
2003	-5,072	516,575
2002	-5,380	525,045
2001	-5,830	542,118
2000	-5,309	554,506
1999	-6,117	557,847
1998	-7,208	562,787
1997	-6,018	565,882
1996	-5,662	580,099
1995	-7,327	591,283
1994	-8,044	578,293
1993	-5,976	561,549
1992	-1,993	533,029
1991	-312	512,233
1990	2,825	495,202
1989	5,803	478,771
1988	6,404	463,581
1987	6,829	449,400
1986	6,160	434,802
1985	4,281	423,240
1984	5,163	411,122
1983	5,884	399,103
1982	5,244	385,741
1981	4,612	374,145
1980	3,989	364,254
1979	3,818	355,597
1978	4,088	345,765
1977	4,931	332,843
1976	4,319	323,222
1975	4,717	312,479
1974	5,956	303,078
1973	5,623	288,750
1972	6,267	286,708
1971	7,160	280,752
1970	6,257	272,439
1969	5,515	264,560
1968	5,592	258,259
1967	5,012	249,240
1966	4,842	241,716
1965	5,437	233,726
1964	6,897	227,948
1963	6,043	219,586
1962	6,457	215,368
1961	7,228	209,917
1960	7,511	203,374

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +1.24% in Nepal.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +1.37% in Nepal.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Nepal by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Nepal

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Nepal
2023	8	19.3
2022	8.6	19.6
2021	10	19.7
2020	9.9	20.2
2019	10.6	20.6
2018	10.9	21.1
2017	10.5	21.6
2016	10.7	21.9
2015	10.6	22.1
2014	10.3	22.4
2013	10.3	22.5
2012	10.6	22.7
2011	11.1	22.7
2010	11.9	22.9
2009	11.8	23.2
2008	12	23.7
2007	11.8	24.4
2006	11	24.9
2005	10.6	25.8
2004	10.3	26.8
2003	9.5	27.7
2002	9.4	28.6
2001	9.1	29.8
2000	9.4	31
1999	9	31.8
1998	8.8	32.7
1997	9	33.7
1996	9.4	35.3
1995	9.4	36.8
1994	9.7	37.3
1993	10.2	37.7
1992	11.8	37.5
1991	12.4	37.8
1990	14.2	38.1
1989	15.5	38.4
1988	16	38.7
1987	16.2	38.9
1986	15.7	39.1
1985	15.5	39.4
1984	16	39.7
1983	16	40
1982	15.4	40.1
1981	15.4	40.3
1980	15	40.4
1979	14.9	40.8
1978	15	41.1
1977	15.2	41.2
1976	15.1	41.5
1975	14.9	41.6
1974	15.1	41.8
1973	15.1	41.6
1972	15.6	42.3
1971	16.1	42.7
1970	15.8	42.9
1969	15.4	43.1
1968	14.9	43.5
1967	14.2	43.5
1966	14.2	43.7
1965	14.6	43.9
1964	15.4	44.2
1963	15.3	44.4
1962	16.1	44.6
1961	16.5	44.8
1960	16.7	44.8

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 19.3 in Nepal, compared with 16.7 and 44.8, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Nepal

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Nepal
2100	11.7%	13.8%
2099	11.7%	13.8%
2098	11.8%	13.8%
2097	11.9%	13.9%
2096	11.9%	13.9%
2095	12%	14%
2094	12.1%	14%
2093	12.2%	14.1%
2092	12.3%	14.1%
2091	12.4%	14.2%
2090	12.4%	14.2%
2089	12.5%	14.3%
2088	12.5%	14.3%
2087	12.6%	14.4%
2086	12.6%	14.5%
2085	12.6%	14.5%
2084	12.5%	14.6%
2083	12.5%	14.7%
2082	12.4%	14.8%
2081	12.3%	14.8%
2080	12.3%	14.9%
2079	12.2%	15%
2078	12.1%	15.1%
2077	12%	15.2%
2076	11.9%	15.3%
2075	11.8%	15.4%
2074	11.7%	15.5%
2073	11.7%	15.6%
2072	11.6%	15.7%
2071	11.6%	15.9%
2070	11.6%	16%
2069	11.6%	16.1%
2068	11.7%	16.3%
2067	11.7%	16.4%
2066	11.8%	16.6%
2065	11.9%	16.7%
2064	12.1%	16.9%
2063	12.2%	17.1%
2062	12.4%	17.2%
2061	12.5%	17.4%
2060	12.7%	17.6%
2059	12.8%	17.8%
2058	12.9%	17.9%
2057	13%	18.1%
2056	13.1%	18.3%
2055	13.2%	18.5%
2054	13.2%	18.7%
2053	13.2%	18.9%
2052	13.2%	19.2%
2051	13.1%	19.4%
2050	13%	19.6%
2049	12.9%	19.9%
2048	12.8%	20.1%
2047	12.7%	20.4%
2046	12.5%	20.7%
2045	12.4%	21%
2044	12.3%	21.3%
2043	12.1%	21.6%
2042	12%	21.9%
2041	11.9%	22.2%
2040	11.9%	22.5%
2039	11.8%	22.9%
2038	11.8%	23.2%
2037	11.9%	23.6%
2036	12.1%	23.9%
2035	12.3%	24.3%
2034	12.6%	24.6%
2033	12.9%	25%
2032	13.2%	25.4%
2031	13.6%	25.8%
2030	13.9%	26.2%
2029	14.2%	26.6%
2028	14.4%	27.1%
2027	14.7%	27.5%
2026	15%	27.9%
2025	15.5%	28.2%
2024	15.6%	28.4%
2023	16%	28.7%
2022	16.2%	28.9%
2021	16.4%	29.4%
2020	16.4%	30.1%
2019	16.4%	30.9%
2018	16.4%	31.6%
2017	16.3%	32.1%
2016	16.2%	32.5%
2015	16%	33%
2014	15.9%	33.6%
2013	15.7%	34.2%
2012	15.6%	34.7%
2011	15.4%	35.3%
2010	15.2%	36%
2009	15%	36.7%
2008	14.9%	37.5%
2007	14.9%	38.1%
2006	15%	38.7%
2005	15.2%	39.2%
2004	15.6%	39.6%
2003	16.1%	40%
2002	16.6%	40.4%
2001	17.2%	40.7%
2000	17.6%	40.9%
1999	18.4%	41.1%
1998	19.2%	41.3%
1997	19.8%	41.4%
1996	20.3%	41.5%
1995	20.7%	41.4%
1994	21.1%	41.4%
1993	21.4%	41.3%
1992	21.8%	41.4%
1991	22.1%	41.5%
1990	22.3%	41.5%
1989	22.3%	41.5%
1988	22.2%	41.4%
1987	22.2%	41.3%
1986	22.1%	41.2%
1985	22.1%	41.1%
1984	22.1%	41%
1983	22%	41%
1982	21.9%	40.9%
1981	21.8%	40.9%
1980	21.7%	40.9%
1979	21.6%	40.8%
1978	21.5%	40.8%
1977	21.5%	40.7%
1976	21.6%	40.7%
1975	21.6%	40.6%
1974	21.8%	40.5%
1973	21.9%	40.5%
1972	22%	40.4%
1971	22%	40.4%
1970	22.1%	40.3%
1969	22.1%	40.3%
1968	22.2%	40.3%
1967	22.3%	40.3%
1966	22.6%	40.4%
1965	22.8%	40.4%
1964	23%	40.4%
1963	23.2%	40.5%
1962	23.3%	40.6%
1961	23.3%	40.7%
1960	23.1%	40.7%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 28.4% in Nepal in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 41.5% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Nepal compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Nepal

Chart Table

Estonia

Nepal

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Nepal
2023	5	142
2022	7	139
2021	8	173
2020	6	153
2019	6	170
2018	5	183
2017	5	197
2016	7	214
2015	6	236
2014	7	245
2013	6	258
2012	8	272
2011	9	286
2010	8	297
2009	10	299
2008	11	302
2007	13	309
2006	13	318
2005	15	344
2004	15	364
2003	18	387
2002	22	414
2001	25	443
2000	27	480
1999	28	512
1998	32	522
1997	31	550
1996	36	584
1995	45	625
1994	60	657
1993	46	703
1992	40	768
1991	42	850
1990	44	920
1989	48	973
1988	43	1,038
1987	42	1,088
1986	46	1,143
1985	56	1,186

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 142 deaths in Nepal.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Nepal

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Nepal
2023	0.21%	2.65%
2022	0.22%	2.75%
2021	0.23%	2.86%
2020	0.24%	2.99%
2019	0.25%	3.14%
2018	0.27%	3.3%
2017	0.28%	3.46%
2016	0.3%	3.64%
2015	0.32%	3.82%
2014	0.34%	4.01%
2013	0.36%	4.21%
2012	0.39%	4.41%
2011	0.42%	4.62%
2010	0.46%	4.83%
2009	0.5%	5.05%
2008	0.54%	5.27%
2007	0.59%	5.51%
2006	0.65%	5.76%
2005	0.71%	6.04%
2004	0.78%	6.35%
2003	0.85%	6.69%
2002	0.93%	7.06%
2001	1.01%	7.48%
2000	1.1%	7.92%
1999	1.2%	8.4%
1998	1.29%	8.91%
1997	1.39%	9.44%
1996	1.48%	10%
1995	1.57%	10.6%
1994	1.64%	11.2%
1993	1.69%	11.8%
1992	1.73%	12.5%
1991	1.75%	13.2%
1990	1.77%	13.9%
1989	1.79%	14.6%
1988	1.81%	15.3%
1987	1.83%	16.1%
1986	1.86%	16.8%
1985	1.91%	17.5%
1984	1.96%	18.2%
1983	2.02%	18.8%
1982	2.09%	19.5%
1981	2.16%	20.2%
1980	2.24%	20.8%
1979	-	21.5%
1978	-	22.1%
1977	-	22.7%
1976	-	23.3%
1975	-	23.9%
1974	-	24.5%
1973	-	25%
1972	-	25.6%
1971	-	26.2%
1970	-	26.7%
1969	-	27.3%
1968	-	28%
1967	-	28.7%
1966	-	29.4%
1965	-	30%
1964	-	30.7%
1963	-	31.3%
1962	-	31.9%
1961	-	32.4%
1960	-	32.8%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 2.65% in Nepal. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.