Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Germany

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Germany by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Germany

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Germany
2023	1.31	1.39
2022	1.41	1.46
2021	1.61	1.58
2020	1.58	1.53
2019	1.66	1.54
2018	1.67	1.57
2017	1.59	1.57
2016	1.6	1.6
2015	1.58	1.5
2014	1.54	1.47
2013	1.52	1.42
2012	1.56	1.41
2011	1.61	1.39
2010	1.72	1.39
2009	1.7	1.36
2008	1.72	1.38
2007	1.69	1.37
2006	1.58	1.33
2005	1.52	1.34
2004	1.47	1.36
2003	1.37	1.34
2002	1.36	1.34
2001	1.32	1.35
2000	1.36	1.38
1999	1.3	1.36
1998	1.28	1.36
1997	1.32	1.35
1996	1.37	1.3
1995	1.38	1.25
1994	1.42	1.24
1993	1.49	1.28
1992	1.71	1.29
1991	1.8	1.33
1990	2.05	1.45
1989	2.22	1.42
1988	2.27	1.46
1987	2.27	1.43
1986	2.18	1.43
1985	2.13	1.37
1984	2.17	1.29
1983	2.16	1.33
1982	2.07	1.41
1981	2.07	1.43
1980	2.02	1.44
1979	2	1.38
1978	2.02	1.38
1977	2.06	1.4
1976	2.07	1.45
1975	2.04	1.45
1974	2.07	1.51
1973	2.06	1.54
1972	2.13	1.71
1971	2.19	1.92
1970	2.17	2.03
1969	2.13	2.21
1968	2.03	2.38
1967	1.9	2.48
1966	1.87	2.53
1965	1.88	2.5
1964	1.94	2.54
1963	1.89	2.51
1962	1.95	2.44
1961	1.98	2.45
1960	1.98	2.37

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.39 in Germany in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Germany population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Germany

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Germany
2023	-5,070	-333,149
2022	-5,665	-324,394
2021	-5,324	-224,629
2020	-2,659	-216,218
2019	-1,327	-157,877
2018	-1,322	-165,812
2017	-1,713	-148,783
2016	-1,316	-123,523
2015	-1,315	-187,879
2014	-1,972	-153,866
2013	-1,713	-209,679
2012	-1,455	-193,022
2011	-531	-184,632
2010	0	-179,909
2009	-400	-188,375
2008	-668	-164,220
2007	-1,608	-148,080
2006	-2,559	-148,278
2005	-2,981	-148,445
2004	-3,679	-107,271
2003	-5,072	-140,309
2002	-5,380	-123,733
2001	-5,830	-98,820
2000	-5,309	-73,990
1999	-6,117	-73,890
1998	-7,208	-65,637
1997	-6,018	-49,221
1996	-5,662	-90,107
1995	-7,327	-114,349
1994	-8,044	-114,013
1993	-5,976	-105,503
1992	-1,993	-80,625
1991	-312	-80,014
1990	2,825	-15,887
1989	5,803	-23,625
1988	6,404	-7,815
1987	6,829	-31,136
1986	6,160	-77,721
1985	4,281	-116,527
1984	5,163	-109,002
1983	5,884	-109,380
1982	5,244	-78,333
1981	4,612	-94,090
1980	3,989	-86,117
1979	3,818	-125,002
1978	4,088	-140,566
1977	4,931	-125,055
1976	4,319	-164,508
1975	4,717	-212,418
1974	5,956	-150,038
1973	5,623	-149,980
1972	6,267	-62,950
1971	7,160	46,988
1970	6,257	70,352
1969	5,515	155,820
1968	5,592	239,612
1967	5,012	353,977
1966	4,842	405,982
1965	5,437	410,204
1964	6,897	482,038
1963	6,043	455,757
1962	6,457	436,752
1961	7,228	462,279
1960	7,511	385,919

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and -0.4% in Germany.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and -0.25% in Germany.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Germany by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Germany

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Germany
2023	8	8.3
2022	8.6	8.8
2021	10	9.6
2020	9.9	9.3
2019	10.6	9.4
2018	10.9	9.5
2017	10.5	9.5
2016	10.7	9.6
2015	10.6	9
2014	10.3	8.8
2013	10.3	8.5
2012	10.6	8.4
2011	11.1	8.3
2010	11.9	8.3
2009	11.8	8.1
2008	12	8.3
2007	11.8	8.3
2006	11	8.2
2005	10.6	8.3
2004	10.3	8.6
2003	9.5	8.6
2002	9.4	8.7
2001	9.1	8.9
2000	9.4	9.3
1999	9	9.4
1998	8.8	9.6
1997	9	9.9
1996	9.4	9.7
1995	9.4	9.4
1994	9.7	9.5
1993	10.2	9.8
1992	11.8	10
1991	12.4	10.4
1990	14.2	11.4
1989	15.5	11.2
1988	16	11.4
1987	16.2	11.2
1986	15.7	10.9
1985	15.5	10.5
1984	16	10.4
1983	16	10.6
1982	15.4	11
1981	15.4	11
1980	15	11.1
1979	14.9	10.5
1978	15	10.4
1977	15.2	10.3
1976	15.1	10.2
1975	14.9	9.9
1974	15.1	10.2
1973	15.1	10.3
1972	15.6	11.5
1971	16.1	12.9
1970	15.8	13.4
1969	15.4	14.7
1968	14.9	15.7
1967	14.2	16.5
1966	14.2	17.2
1965	14.6	17.4
1964	15.4	18
1963	15.3	18.1
1962	16.1	17.8
1961	16.5	17.9
1960	16.7	17.3

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 8.3 in Germany, compared with 16.7 and 17.3, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Germany

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Germany
2100	11.7%	13.7%
2099	11.7%	13.7%
2098	11.8%	13.8%
2097	11.9%	13.8%
2096	11.9%	13.8%
2095	12%	13.9%
2094	12.1%	13.9%
2093	12.2%	13.9%
2092	12.3%	13.9%
2091	12.4%	13.9%
2090	12.4%	13.9%
2089	12.5%	13.8%
2088	12.5%	13.8%
2087	12.6%	13.8%
2086	12.6%	13.7%
2085	12.6%	13.7%
2084	12.5%	13.7%
2083	12.5%	13.6%
2082	12.4%	13.6%
2081	12.3%	13.5%
2080	12.3%	13.5%
2079	12.2%	13.4%
2078	12.1%	13.4%
2077	12%	13.4%
2076	11.9%	13.4%
2075	11.8%	13.4%
2074	11.7%	13.4%
2073	11.7%	13.4%
2072	11.6%	13.5%
2071	11.6%	13.5%
2070	11.6%	13.6%
2069	11.6%	13.6%
2068	11.7%	13.7%
2067	11.7%	13.7%
2066	11.8%	13.8%
2065	11.9%	13.8%
2064	12.1%	13.9%
2063	12.2%	13.9%
2062	12.4%	13.9%
2061	12.5%	13.9%
2060	12.7%	13.9%
2059	12.8%	13.9%
2058	12.9%	13.8%
2057	13%	13.8%
2056	13.1%	13.7%
2055	13.2%	13.6%
2054	13.2%	13.5%
2053	13.2%	13.4%
2052	13.2%	13.3%
2051	13.1%	13.2%
2050	13%	13.1%
2049	12.9%	13%
2048	12.8%	12.9%
2047	12.7%	12.8%
2046	12.5%	12.7%
2045	12.4%	12.6%
2044	12.3%	12.6%
2043	12.1%	12.6%
2042	12%	12.5%
2041	11.9%	12.5%
2040	11.9%	12.6%
2039	11.8%	12.6%
2038	11.8%	12.6%
2037	11.9%	12.7%
2036	12.1%	12.9%
2035	12.3%	13%
2034	12.6%	13.1%
2033	12.9%	13.3%
2032	13.2%	13.4%
2031	13.6%	13.6%
2030	13.9%	13.7%
2029	14.2%	13.8%
2028	14.4%	13.8%
2027	14.7%	13.9%
2026	15%	13.9%
2025	15.5%	13.9%
2024	15.6%	13.9%
2023	16%	13.9%
2022	16.2%	13.9%
2021	16.4%	13.9%
2020	16.4%	13.8%
2019	16.4%	13.7%
2018	16.4%	13.6%
2017	16.3%	13.5%
2016	16.2%	13.3%
2015	16%	13.2%
2014	15.9%	13.2%
2013	15.7%	13.2%
2012	15.6%	13.4%
2011	15.4%	13.6%
2010	15.2%	13.7%
2009	15%	13.8%
2008	14.9%	13.8%
2007	14.9%	14%
2006	15%	14.2%
2005	15.2%	14.5%
2004	15.6%	14.8%
2003	16.1%	15%
2002	16.6%	15.3%
2001	17.2%	15.5%
2000	17.6%	15.7%
1999	18.4%	15.8%
1998	19.2%	15.9%
1997	19.8%	16.1%
1996	20.3%	16.2%
1995	20.7%	16.3%
1994	21.1%	16.3%
1993	21.4%	16.3%
1992	21.8%	16.3%
1991	22.1%	16.3%
1990	22.3%	16.1%
1989	22.3%	15.9%
1988	22.2%	15.7%
1987	22.2%	15.6%
1986	22.1%	15.8%
1985	22.1%	16%
1984	22.1%	16.4%
1983	22%	16.9%
1982	21.9%	17.4%
1981	21.8%	17.9%
1980	21.7%	18.5%
1979	21.6%	19.1%
1978	21.5%	19.7%
1977	21.5%	20.3%
1976	21.6%	20.9%
1975	21.6%	21.5%
1974	21.8%	22%
1973	21.9%	22.4%
1972	22%	22.8%
1971	22%	23%
1970	22.1%	23.2%
1969	22.1%	23.3%
1968	22.2%	23.3%
1967	22.3%	23.1%
1966	22.6%	23%
1965	22.8%	22.8%
1964	23%	22.6%
1963	23.2%	22.3%
1962	23.3%	22%
1961	23.3%	21.7%
1960	23.1%	21.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 13.9% in Germany in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 16.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Germany compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Germany

Chart Table

Estonia

Germany

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Germany
2023	5	4
2022	7	4
2021	8	4
2020	6	4
2019	6	4
2018	5	4
2017	5	4
2016	7	4
2015	6	5
2014	7	5
2013	6	5
2012	8	5
2011	9	5
2010	8	5
2009	10	6
2008	11	6
2007	13	5
2006	13	6
2005	15	6
2004	15	6
2003	18	6
2002	22	6
2001	25	6
2000	27	7
1999	28	7
1998	32	7
1997	31	8
1996	36	8
1995	45	8
1994	60	9
1993	46	9
1992	40	10
1991	42	11
1990	44	12
1989	48	12
1988	43	13
1987	42	13
1986	46	14
1985	56	14

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 4 deaths in Germany.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Germany

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Germany
2023	0.21%	0.37%
2022	0.22%	0.37%
2021	0.23%	0.37%
2020	0.24%	0.37%
2019	0.25%	0.37%
2018	0.27%	0.38%
2017	0.28%	0.38%
2016	0.3%	0.39%
2015	0.32%	0.39%
2014	0.34%	0.4%
2013	0.36%	0.4%
2012	0.39%	0.4%
2011	0.42%	0.41%
2010	0.46%	0.42%
2009	0.5%	0.43%
2008	0.54%	0.44%
2007	0.59%	0.45%
2006	0.65%	0.46%
2005	0.71%	0.47%
2004	0.78%	0.48%
2003	0.85%	0.5%
2002	0.93%	0.51%
2001	1.01%	0.52%
2000	1.1%	0.54%
1999	1.2%	0.55%
1998	1.29%	0.57%
1997	1.39%	0.59%
1996	1.48%	0.62%
1995	1.57%	0.65%
1994	1.64%	0.68%
1993	1.69%	0.72%
1992	1.73%	0.76%
1991	1.75%	0.8%
1990	1.77%	0.85%
1989	1.79%	0.9%
1988	1.81%	0.95%
1987	1.83%	1.01%
1986	1.86%	1.06%
1985	1.91%	1.11%
1984	1.96%	1.18%
1983	2.02%	1.25%
1982	2.09%	1.32%
1981	2.16%	1.41%
1980	2.24%	1.5%
1979	-	1.6%
1978	-	1.71%
1977	-	1.83%
1976	-	1.95%
1975	-	2.08%
1974	-	2.2%
1973	-	2.31%
1972	-	2.4%
1971	-	2.49%
1970	-	2.57%
1969	-	2.64%
1968	-	2.71%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 0.37% in Germany. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.