Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Gambia

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Gambia by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Gambia

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Gambia
2023	1.31	4.01
2022	1.41	4.08
2021	1.61	4.17
2020	1.58	4.25
2019	1.66	4.33
2018	1.67	4.42
2017	1.59	4.61
2016	1.6	4.81
2015	1.58	5
2014	1.54	5.2
2013	1.52	5.39
2012	1.56	5.52
2011	1.61	5.54
2010	1.72	5.56
2009	1.7	5.57
2008	1.72	5.63
2007	1.69	5.69
2006	1.58	5.74
2005	1.52	5.71
2004	1.47	5.68
2003	1.37	5.66
2002	1.36	5.66
2001	1.32	5.67
2000	1.36	5.72
1999	1.3	5.77
1998	1.28	5.82
1997	1.32	5.85
1996	1.37	5.93
1995	1.38	5.99
1994	1.42	6.04
1993	1.49	6.03
1992	1.71	6.11
1991	1.8	6.19
1990	2.05	6.25
1989	2.22	6.25
1988	2.27	6.26
1987	2.27	6.3
1986	2.18	6.34
1985	2.13	6.36
1984	2.17	6.39
1983	2.16	6.39
1982	2.07	6.4
1981	2.07	6.4
1980	2.02	6.41
1979	2	6.41
1978	2.02	6.42
1977	2.06	6.43
1976	2.07	6.43
1975	2.04	6.43
1974	2.07	6.42
1973	2.06	6.41
1972	2.13	6.37
1971	2.19	6.33
1970	2.17	6.26
1969	2.13	6.25
1968	2.03	6.22
1967	1.9	6.21
1966	1.87	6.18
1965	1.88	6.19
1964	1.94	6.2
1963	1.89	6.2
1962	1.95	6.21
1961	1.98	6.23
1960	1.98	6.25

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.01 in the Gambia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs the Gambia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Gambia

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Gambia
2023	-5,070	65,118
2022	-5,665	63,634
2021	-5,324	62,239
2020	-2,659	62,209
2019	-1,327	61,701
2018	-1,322	60,854
2017	-1,713	61,665
2016	-1,316	62,358
2015	-1,315	62,832
2014	-1,972	63,185
2013	-1,713	63,510
2012	-1,455	62,745
2011	-531	60,571
2010	0	58,554
2009	-400	56,575
2008	-668	55,032
2007	-1,608	53,653
2006	-2,559	52,335
2005	-2,981	50,010
2004	-3,679	48,276
2003	-5,072	46,473
2002	-5,380	45,156
2001	-5,830	44,154
2000	-5,309	43,249
1999	-6,117	42,533
1998	-7,208	41,842
1997	-6,018	40,742
1996	-5,662	40,253
1995	-7,327	39,681
1994	-8,044	38,880
1993	-5,976	37,302
1992	-1,993	35,951
1991	-312	34,584
1990	2,825	33,163
1989	5,803	31,504
1988	6,404	29,938
1987	6,829	28,452
1986	6,160	27,195
1985	4,281	25,795
1984	5,163	24,586
1983	5,884	23,175
1982	5,244	21,894
1981	4,612	20,156
1980	3,989	19,566
1979	3,818	18,543
1978	4,088	17,424
1977	4,931	16,773
1976	4,319	16,032
1975	4,717	15,256
1974	5,956	14,628
1973	5,623	14,046
1972	6,267	13,432
1971	7,160	12,842
1970	6,257	12,128
1969	5,515	11,670
1968	5,592	11,215
1967	5,012	10,823
1966	4,842	10,422
1965	5,437	10,162
1964	6,897	9,825
1963	6,043	9,493
1962	6,457	9,150
1961	7,228	8,778
1960	7,511	8,420

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +2.41% in the Gambia.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +2.59% in the Gambia.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Gambia by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Gambia

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Gambia
2023	8	30.4
2022	8.6	30.8
2021	10	31.2
2020	9.9	31.5
2019	10.6	31.9
2018	10.9	32.3
2017	10.5	33.5
2016	10.7	34.6
2015	10.6	35.7
2014	10.3	36.9
2013	10.3	38.1
2012	10.6	38.8
2011	11.1	38.8
2010	11.9	38.9
2009	11.8	38.9
2008	12	39.2
2007	11.8	39.5
2006	11	39.9
2005	10.6	39.7
2004	10.3	39.7
2003	9.5	39.7
2002	9.4	40
2001	9.1	40.5
2000	9.4	41.1
1999	9	41.8
1998	8.8	42.5
1997	9	43.2
1996	9.4	44.1
1995	9.4	45.1
1994	9.7	45.9
1993	10.2	46.1
1992	11.8	46.6
1991	12.4	47.2
1990	14.2	47.7
1989	15.5	47.9
1988	16	48.1
1987	16.2	48.5
1986	15.7	48.8
1985	15.5	49
1984	16	49.3
1983	16	49
1982	15.4	48.8
1981	15.4	48.5
1980	15	48.2
1979	14.9	47.8
1978	15	47.6
1977	15.2	47.5
1976	15.1	47.4
1975	14.9	47.3
1974	15.1	47.3
1973	15.1	47.5
1972	15.6	47.5
1971	16.1	47.6
1970	15.8	47.4
1969	15.4	47.6
1968	14.9	47.9
1967	14.2	48.2
1966	14.2	48.5
1965	14.6	49
1964	15.4	49.4
1963	15.3	49.8
1962	16.1	50
1961	16.5	50.3
1960	16.7	50.4

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 30.4 in the Gambia, compared with 16.7 and 50.4, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Gambia

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Gambia
2100	11.7%	18.1%
2099	11.7%	18.2%
2098	11.8%	18.3%
2097	11.9%	18.4%
2096	11.9%	18.5%
2095	12%	18.6%
2094	12.1%	18.7%
2093	12.2%	18.9%
2092	12.3%	19%
2091	12.4%	19.1%
2090	12.4%	19.3%
2089	12.5%	19.4%
2088	12.5%	19.6%
2087	12.6%	19.7%
2086	12.6%	19.9%
2085	12.6%	20%
2084	12.5%	20.2%
2083	12.5%	20.3%
2082	12.4%	20.5%
2081	12.3%	20.6%
2080	12.3%	20.8%
2079	12.2%	21%
2078	12.1%	21.2%
2077	12%	21.3%
2076	11.9%	21.5%
2075	11.8%	21.7%
2074	11.7%	21.9%
2073	11.7%	22.1%
2072	11.6%	22.3%
2071	11.6%	22.6%
2070	11.6%	22.8%
2069	11.6%	23%
2068	11.7%	23.2%
2067	11.7%	23.5%
2066	11.8%	23.7%
2065	11.9%	24%
2064	12.1%	24.3%
2063	12.2%	24.5%
2062	12.4%	24.8%
2061	12.5%	25.1%
2060	12.7%	25.4%
2059	12.8%	25.7%
2058	12.9%	26%
2057	13%	26.3%
2056	13.1%	26.7%
2055	13.2%	27%
2054	13.2%	27.3%
2053	13.2%	27.6%
2052	13.2%	28%
2051	13.1%	28.3%
2050	13%	28.6%
2049	12.9%	28.9%
2048	12.8%	29.3%
2047	12.7%	29.6%
2046	12.5%	30%
2045	12.4%	30.3%
2044	12.3%	30.7%
2043	12.1%	31.1%
2042	12%	31.5%
2041	11.9%	31.9%
2040	11.9%	32.3%
2039	11.8%	32.7%
2038	11.8%	33.2%
2037	11.9%	33.6%
2036	12.1%	34.1%
2035	12.3%	34.5%
2034	12.6%	35%
2033	12.9%	35.4%
2032	13.2%	35.9%
2031	13.6%	36.4%
2030	13.9%	37%
2029	14.2%	37.6%
2028	14.4%	38.2%
2027	14.7%	38.9%
2026	15%	39.5%
2025	15.5%	40%
2024	15.6%	40.2%
2023	16%	40.7%
2022	16.2%	41.2%
2021	16.4%	41.6%
2020	16.4%	42%
2019	16.4%	42.4%
2018	16.4%	42.8%
2017	16.3%	43.1%
2016	16.2%	43.3%
2015	16%	43.6%
2014	15.9%	43.7%
2013	15.7%	43.9%
2012	15.6%	44.1%
2011	15.4%	44.3%
2010	15.2%	44.5%
2009	15%	44.8%
2008	14.9%	45.1%
2007	14.9%	45.3%
2006	15%	45.6%
2005	15.2%	45.9%
2004	15.6%	46.1%
2003	16.1%	46.4%
2002	16.6%	46.6%
2001	17.2%	46.7%
2000	17.6%	46.8%
1999	18.4%	46.9%
1998	19.2%	46.9%
1997	19.8%	46.9%
1996	20.3%	46.7%
1995	20.7%	46.5%
1994	21.1%	46.3%
1993	21.4%	46%
1992	21.8%	45.9%
1991	22.1%	45.8%
1990	22.3%	45.7%
1989	22.3%	45.6%
1988	22.2%	45.5%
1987	22.2%	45.4%
1986	22.1%	45.2%
1985	22.1%	45%
1984	22.1%	44.9%
1983	22%	44.6%
1982	21.9%	44.3%
1981	21.8%	44%
1980	21.7%	43.7%
1979	21.6%	43.5%
1978	21.5%	43.3%
1977	21.5%	43%
1976	21.6%	42.8%
1975	21.6%	42.6%
1974	21.8%	42.4%
1973	21.9%	42.3%
1972	22%	42.2%
1971	22%	42.1%
1970	22.1%	42%
1969	22.1%	41.9%
1968	22.2%	41.8%
1967	22.3%	41.6%
1966	22.6%	41.5%
1965	22.8%	41.3%
1964	23%	41%
1963	23.2%	40.8%
1962	23.3%	40.7%
1961	23.3%	40.8%
1960	23.1%	41%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 40.2% in the Gambia in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 45.7% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and the Gambia compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Gambia

Chart Table

Estonia

Gambia

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Gambia
2023	5	354
2022	7	365
2021	8	420
2020	6	400
2019	6	422
2018	5	450
2017	5	469
2016	7	490
2015	6	527
2014	7	561
2013	6	606
2012	8	628
2011	9	634
2010	8	632
2009	10	634
2008	11	653
2007	13	675
2006	13	682
2005	15	707
2004	15	719
2003	18	749
2002	22	772
2001	25	794
2000	27	810
1999	28	830
1998	32	867
1997	31	928
1996	36	956
1995	45	999
1994	60	1,039
1993	46	1,072
1992	40	1,115
1991	42	1,167
1990	44	1,207
1989	48	1,258
1988	43	1,302
1987	42	1,360
1986	46	1,401
1985	56	1,454

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 354 deaths in the Gambia.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Gambia

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Gambia
2023	0.21%	4.41%
2022	0.22%	4.56%
2021	0.23%	4.72%
2020	0.24%	4.89%
2019	0.25%	5.07%
2018	0.27%	5.27%
2017	0.28%	5.47%
2016	0.3%	5.7%
2015	0.32%	5.93%
2014	0.34%	6.18%
2013	0.36%	6.45%
2012	0.39%	6.73%
2011	0.42%	7.01%
2010	0.46%	7.31%
2009	0.5%	7.64%
2008	0.54%	7.98%
2007	0.59%	8.33%
2006	0.65%	8.71%
2005	0.71%	9.11%
2004	0.78%	9.52%
2003	0.85%	9.95%
2002	0.93%	10.4%
2001	1.01%	10.9%
2000	1.1%	11.3%
1999	1.2%	11.8%
1998	1.29%	12.3%
1997	1.39%	12.8%
1996	1.48%	13.3%
1995	1.57%	13.9%
1994	1.64%	14.4%
1993	1.69%	14.9%
1992	1.73%	15.5%
1991	1.75%	16%
1990	1.77%	16.6%
1989	1.79%	17.2%
1988	1.81%	17.8%
1987	1.83%	18.4%
1986	1.86%	19.1%
1985	1.91%	19.7%
1984	1.96%	20.4%
1983	2.02%	21%
1982	2.09%	21.7%
1981	2.16%	22.3%
1980	2.24%	23%
1979	-	23.6%
1978	-	24.2%
1977	-	24.9%
1976	-	25.5%
1975	-	26.2%
1974	-	26.9%
1973	-	27.5%
1972	-	28.2%
1971	-	28.9%
1970	-	29.5%
1969	-	30.2%
1968	-	30.9%
1967	-	31.5%
1966	-	32.1%
1965	-	32.8%
1964	-	33.5%
1963	-	34.1%
1962	-	34.8%
1961	-	35.5%
1960	-	36.2%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 4.41% in the Gambia. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.