Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Portugal

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Portugal chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.44 in Portugal in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Portugal population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Portugal
1960	1.98	3.16
1961	1.98	3.21
1962	1.95	3.23
1963	1.89	3.12
1964	1.94	3.21
1965	1.88	3.15
1966	1.87	3.16
1967	1.9	3.16
1968	2.03	3.12
1969	2.13	3.12
1970	2.17	3.01
1971	2.19	3
1972	2.13	2.86
1973	2.06	2.77
1974	2.07	2.7
1975	2.04	2.75
1976	2.07	2.82
1977	2.06	2.69
1978	2.02	2.45
1979	2	2.31
1980	2.02	2.25
1981	2.07	2.13
1982	2.07	2.07
1983	2.16	1.95
1984	2.17	1.9
1985	2.13	1.72
1986	2.18	1.66
1987	2.27	1.62
1988	2.27	1.61
1989	2.22	1.57
1990	2.05	1.56
1991	1.8	1.56
1992	1.71	1.54
1993	1.49	1.52
1994	1.42	1.45
1995	1.38	1.41
1996	1.37	1.44
1997	1.32	1.47
1998	1.28	1.47
1999	1.3	1.5
2000	1.36	1.55
2001	1.32	1.45
2002	1.36	1.46
2003	1.37	1.44
2004	1.47	1.4
2005	1.52	1.41
2006	1.58	1.37
2007	1.69	1.35
2008	1.72	1.39
2009	1.7	1.34
2010	1.72	1.39
2011	1.61	1.35
2012	1.56	1.28
2013	1.52	1.21
2014	1.54	1.24
2015	1.58	1.31
2016	1.6	1.37
2017	1.59	1.38
2018	1.67	1.42
2019	1.66	1.44
2020	1.58	1.42
2021	1.61	1.35
2022	1.41	1.43
2023	1.31	1.44
2024	1.32	1.45
2025	1.33	1.45
2026	1.34	1.45
2027	1.35	1.46
2028	1.36	1.46
2029	1.37	1.46
2030	1.38	1.46
2031	1.39	1.47
2032	1.39	1.47
2033	1.4	1.47
2034	1.4	1.48
2035	1.41	1.48
2036	1.41	1.48
2037	1.42	1.48
2038	1.42	1.49
2039	1.42	1.49
2040	1.43	1.49
2041	1.43	1.49
2042	1.44	1.49
2043	1.44	1.49
2044	1.44	1.5
2045	1.45	1.5
2046	1.45	1.5
2047	1.46	1.5
2048	1.46	1.5
2049	1.46	1.5
2050	1.46	1.5

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Estonia	Portugal
1960	23.1%	29.3%
1961	23.3%	29.1%
1962	23.3%	29.1%
1963	23.2%	29.1%
1964	23%	29.1%
1965	22.8%	29.1%
1966	22.6%	29.2%
1967	22.3%	29.2%
1968	22.2%	29.2%
1969	22.1%	29.1%
1970	22.1%	28.7%
1971	22%	28.4%
1972	22%	28.2%
1973	21.9%	27.9%
1974	21.8%	27.7%
1975	21.6%	27.4%
1976	21.6%	27.2%
1977	21.5%	27.1%
1978	21.5%	26.8%
1979	21.6%	26.4%
1980	21.7%	25.9%
1981	21.8%	25.4%
1982	21.9%	25%
1983	22%	24.5%
1984	22.1%	24.1%
1985	22.1%	23.7%
1986	22.1%	23.1%
1987	22.2%	22.5%
1988	22.2%	21.9%
1989	22.3%	21.2%
1990	22.3%	20.5%
1991	22.1%	19.7%
1992	21.8%	19.1%
1993	21.4%	18.6%
1994	21.1%	18.2%
1995	20.7%	17.8%
1996	20.3%	17.4%
1997	19.8%	17.1%
1998	19.2%	16.8%
1999	18.4%	16.6%
2000	17.6%	16.4%
2001	17.2%	16.2%
2002	16.6%	16.1%
2003	16.1%	16.1%
2004	15.6%	16%
2005	15.2%	15.9%
2006	15%	15.8%
2007	14.9%	15.6%
2008	14.9%	15.5%
2009	15%	15.4%
2010	15.2%	15.2%
2011	15.4%	15%
2012	15.6%	14.9%
2013	15.7%	14.8%
2014	15.9%	14.6%
2015	16%	14.3%
2016	16.2%	14.1%
2017	16.3%	13.9%
2018	16.4%	13.7%
2019	16.4%	13.5%
2020	16.4%	13.3%
2021	16.4%	13.1%
2022	16.2%	13%
2023	16%	12.9%
2024	15.6%	12.8%
2025	15.3%	12.7%
2026	14.9%	12.6%
2027	14.6%	12.6%
2028	14.3%	12.6%
2029	14%	12.6%
2030	13.7%	12.7%
2031	13.4%	12.7%
2032	13.1%	12.7%
2033	12.8%	12.7%
2034	12.4%	12.7%
2035	12.2%	12.8%
2036	12%	12.9%
2037	11.8%	12.9%
2038	11.8%	13%
2039	11.9%	13%
2040	11.9%	13.1%
2041	12%	13.1%
2042	12.1%	13.2%
2043	12.2%	13.2%
2044	12.3%	13.3%
2045	12.5%	13.3%
2046	12.6%	13.4%
2047	12.8%	13.4%
2048	12.9%	13.4%
2049	13%	13.5%
2050	13.1%	13.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 12.8% in Portugal in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 20.5% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Portugal compared.

Natural population change in Estonia vs Portugal by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.21% in Estonia and -0.29% in Portugal. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Estonia	Portugal
1960	7,511	118,693
1961	7,228	117,867
1962	6,457	123,217
1963	6,043	113,783
1964	6,897	120,170
1965	5,437	115,182
1966	4,842	107,171
1967	5,012	106,495
1968	5,592	100,737
1969	5,515	89,329
1970	6,257	87,672
1971	7,160	82,980
1972	6,267	83,715
1973	5,623	76,835
1974	5,956	74,412
1975	4,717	81,841
1976	4,319	85,138
1977	4,931	84,156
1978	4,088	70,731
1979	3,818	67,628
1980	3,989	63,481
1981	4,612	56,152
1982	5,244	58,479
1983	5,884	47,798
1984	5,163	45,983
1985	4,281	33,077
1986	6,160	31,102
1987	6,829	28,084
1988	6,404	24,047
1989	5,803	22,011
1990	2,825	13,976
1991	-312	12,948
1992	-1,993	13,933
1993	-5,976	7,972
1994	-8,044	9,991
1995	-7,327	4,011
1996	-5,662	4,026
1997	-6,018	8,087
1998	-7,208	7,112
1999	-6,117	8,175
2000	-5,309	15,435
2001	-5,830	8,290
2002	-5,380	8,335
2003	-5,072	4,184
2004	-3,679	7,339
2005	-2,981	2,101
2006	-2,559	3,156
2007	-1,608	-1,055
2008	-668	0
2009	-400	-5,284
2010	0	-4,230
2011	-531	-5,279
2012	-1,455	-17,875
2013	-1,713	-24,052
2014	-1,972	-22,882
2015	-1,315	-23,823
2016	-1,316	-23,749
2017	-1,713	-23,691
2018	-1,322	-25,709
2019	-1,327	-24,687
2020	-2,659	-39,129
2021	-5,324	-45,592
2022	-5,665	-40,694
2023	-5,070	-32,792

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Portugal

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 15 deaths in Portugal.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Portugal
1985	56	20
1986	46	19
1987	42	19
1988	43	18
1989	48	18
1990	44	17
1991	42	17
1992	40	16
1993	46	15
1994	60	13
1995	45	12
1996	36	12
1997	31	12
1998	32	11
1999	28	10
2000	27	9
2001	25	9
2002	22	9
2003	18	8
2004	15	8
2005	15	8
2006	13	8
2007	13	8
2008	11	9
2009	10	9
2010	8	10
2011	9	10
2012	8	10
2013	6	10
2014	7	11
2015	6	11
2016	7	12
2017	5	13
2018	5	14
2019	6	15
2020	6	14
2021	8	19
2022	7	16
2023	5	15

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 0.32% in Portugal. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Estonia	Portugal
1960	-	11.4%
1961	-	11%
1962	-	10.4%
1963	-	9.76%
1964	-	9.1%
1965	-	8.53%
1966	-	8.09%
1967	-	7.76%
1968	-	7.51%
1969	-	7.22%
1970	-	6.81%
1971	-	6.3%
1972	-	5.78%
1973	-	5.27%
1974	-	4.79%
1975	-	4.35%
1976	-	3.94%
1977	-	3.57%
1978	-	3.24%
1979	-	2.97%
1980	2.24%	2.75%
1981	2.16%	2.58%
1982	2.09%	2.43%
1983	2.02%	2.29%
1984	1.96%	2.16%
1985	1.91%	2.04%
1986	1.86%	1.93%
1987	1.83%	1.82%
1988	1.81%	1.7%
1989	1.79%	1.59%
1990	1.77%	1.47%
1991	1.75%	1.36%
1992	1.73%	1.25%
1993	1.69%	1.14%
1994	1.64%	1.05%
1995	1.57%	0.98%
1996	1.48%	0.92%
1997	1.39%	0.86%
1998	1.29%	0.82%
1999	1.2%	0.77%
2000	1.1%	0.72%
2001	1.01%	0.66%
2002	0.93%	0.61%
2003	0.85%	0.55%
2004	0.78%	0.5%
2005	0.71%	0.47%
2006	0.65%	0.44%
2007	0.59%	0.42%
2008	0.54%	0.4%
2009	0.5%	0.39%
2010	0.46%	0.38%
2011	0.42%	0.37%
2012	0.39%	0.37%
2013	0.36%	0.36%
2014	0.34%	0.36%
2015	0.32%	0.36%
2016	0.3%	0.36%
2017	0.28%	0.36%
2018	0.27%	0.35%
2019	0.25%	0.35%
2020	0.24%	0.34%
2021	0.23%	0.33%
2022	0.22%	0.32%
2023	0.21%	0.32%