Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Netherlands

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Netherlands by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Netherlands

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Netherlands
2023	1.31	1.43
2022	1.41	1.49
2021	1.61	1.62
2020	1.58	1.54
2019	1.66	1.57
2018	1.67	1.59
2017	1.59	1.62
2016	1.6	1.66
2015	1.58	1.66
2014	1.54	1.71
2013	1.52	1.68
2012	1.56	1.72
2011	1.61	1.76
2010	1.72	1.79
2009	1.7	1.79
2008	1.72	1.77
2007	1.69	1.72
2006	1.58	1.72
2005	1.52	1.71
2004	1.47	1.72
2003	1.37	1.75
2002	1.36	1.73
2001	1.32	1.71
2000	1.36	1.72
1999	1.3	1.65
1998	1.28	1.63
1997	1.32	1.56
1996	1.37	1.53
1995	1.38	1.53
1994	1.42	1.57
1993	1.49	1.57
1992	1.71	1.59
1991	1.8	1.61
1990	2.05	1.62
1989	2.22	1.55
1988	2.27	1.55
1987	2.27	1.56
1986	2.18	1.55
1985	2.13	1.51
1984	2.17	1.49
1983	2.16	1.47
1982	2.07	1.5
1981	2.07	1.56
1980	2.02	1.6
1979	2	1.56
1978	2.02	1.58
1977	2.06	1.58
1976	2.07	1.63
1975	2.04	1.66
1974	2.07	1.77
1973	2.06	1.9
1972	2.13	2.15
1971	2.19	2.36
1970	2.17	2.57
1969	2.13	2.75
1968	2.03	2.72
1967	1.9	2.81
1966	1.87	2.9
1965	1.88	3.04
1964	1.94	3.17
1963	1.89	3.19
1962	1.95	3.18
1961	1.98	3.22
1960	1.98	3.12

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.43 in the Netherlands in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs the Netherlands population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Netherlands

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Netherlands
2023	-5,070	-5,363
2022	-5,665	-1,770
2021	-5,324	7,014
2020	-2,659	0
2019	-1,327	17,345
2018	-1,322	15,508
2017	-1,713	18,844
2016	-1,316	23,843
2015	-1,315	23,716
2014	-1,972	35,417
2013	-1,713	30,248
2012	-1,455	35,186
2011	-531	45,072
2010	0	48,184
2009	-400	51,244
2008	-668	49,337
2007	-1,608	49,145
2006	-2,559	49,038
2005	-2,981	50,592
2004	-3,679	56,987
2003	-5,072	58,411
2002	-5,380	59,751
2001	-5,830	62,580
2000	-5,309	66,887
1999	-6,117	60,086
1998	-7,208	61,258
1997	-6,018	56,198
1996	-5,662	51,251
1995	-7,327	54,106
1994	-8,044	61,532
1993	-5,976	58,103
1992	-1,993	66,811
1991	-312	69,321
1990	2,825	68,777
1989	5,803	59,396
1988	6,404	61,993
1987	6,829	64,526
1986	6,160	59,746
1985	4,281	55,069
1984	5,163	54,812
1983	5,884	51,722
1982	5,244	54,388
1981	4,612	62,688
1980	3,989	66,504
1979	3,818	63,172
1978	4,088	61,344
1977	4,931	63,739
1976	4,319	63,361
1975	4,717	64,232
1974	5,956	75,853
1973	5,623	84,668
1972	6,267	101,297
1971	7,160	116,112
1970	6,257	129,082
1969	5,515	139,082
1968	5,592	132,389
1967	5,012	138,580
1966	4,842	138,265
1965	5,437	146,308
1964	6,897	157,653
1963	6,043	154,361
1962	6,457	153,474
1961	7,228	159,450
1960	7,511	151,623

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and -0.03% in the Netherlands.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +0.08% in the Netherlands.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Netherlands by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Netherlands

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Netherlands
2023	8	9.2
2022	8.6	9.5
2021	10	10.2
2020	9.9	9.7
2019	10.6	9.8
2018	10.9	9.8
2017	10.5	9.9
2016	10.7	10.1
2015	10.6	10.1
2014	10.3	10.4
2013	10.3	10.2
2012	10.6	10.5
2011	11.1	10.8
2010	11.9	11.1
2009	11.8	11.2
2008	12	11.2
2007	11.8	11.1
2006	11	11.3
2005	10.6	11.5
2004	10.3	11.9
2003	9.5	12.3
2002	9.4	12.5
2001	9.1	12.6
2000	9.4	13
1999	9	12.7
1998	8.8	12.7
1997	9	12.3
1996	9.4	12.2
1995	9.4	12.3
1994	9.7	12.7
1993	10.2	12.8
1992	11.8	13
1991	12.4	13.2
1990	14.2	13.2
1989	15.5	12.7
1988	16	12.6
1987	16.2	12.7
1986	15.7	12.7
1985	15.5	12.3
1984	16	12.1
1983	16	11.8
1982	15.4	12
1981	15.4	12.5
1980	15	12.8
1979	14.9	12.5
1978	15	12.6
1977	15.2	12.5
1976	15.1	12.9
1975	14.9	13
1974	15.1	13.7
1973	15.1	14.5
1972	15.6	16.1
1971	16.1	17.2
1970	15.8	18.3
1969	15.4	19.2
1968	14.9	18.6
1967	14.2	18.9
1966	14.2	19.2
1965	14.6	19.9
1964	15.4	20.7
1963	15.3	20.9
1962	16.1	20.9
1961	16.5	21.3
1960	16.7	20.8

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 9.2 in the Netherlands, compared with 16.7 and 20.8, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Netherlands

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Netherlands
2100	11.7%	13.2%
2099	11.7%	13.2%
2098	11.8%	13.2%
2097	11.9%	13.2%
2096	11.9%	13.2%
2095	12%	13.2%
2094	12.1%	13.2%
2093	12.2%	13.1%
2092	12.3%	13.1%
2091	12.4%	13.1%
2090	12.4%	13.1%
2089	12.5%	13.1%
2088	12.5%	13.1%
2087	12.6%	13.1%
2086	12.6%	13.1%
2085	12.6%	13.2%
2084	12.5%	13.2%
2083	12.5%	13.2%
2082	12.4%	13.2%
2081	12.3%	13.3%
2080	12.3%	13.3%
2079	12.2%	13.3%
2078	12.1%	13.4%
2077	12%	13.4%
2076	11.9%	13.4%
2075	11.8%	13.5%
2074	11.7%	13.5%
2073	11.7%	13.5%
2072	11.6%	13.5%
2071	11.6%	13.6%
2070	11.6%	13.6%
2069	11.6%	13.6%
2068	11.7%	13.6%
2067	11.7%	13.6%
2066	11.8%	13.6%
2065	11.9%	13.6%
2064	12.1%	13.6%
2063	12.2%	13.6%
2062	12.4%	13.6%
2061	12.5%	13.6%
2060	12.7%	13.5%
2059	12.8%	13.5%
2058	12.9%	13.5%
2057	13%	13.6%
2056	13.1%	13.6%
2055	13.2%	13.6%
2054	13.2%	13.6%
2053	13.2%	13.7%
2052	13.2%	13.7%
2051	13.1%	13.8%
2050	13%	13.9%
2049	12.9%	13.9%
2048	12.8%	14%
2047	12.7%	14.1%
2046	12.5%	14.2%
2045	12.4%	14.3%
2044	12.3%	14.3%
2043	12.1%	14.4%
2042	12%	14.5%
2041	11.9%	14.5%
2040	11.9%	14.6%
2039	11.8%	14.6%
2038	11.8%	14.6%
2037	11.9%	14.6%
2036	12.1%	14.7%
2035	12.3%	14.7%
2034	12.6%	14.7%
2033	12.9%	14.7%
2032	13.2%	14.7%
2031	13.6%	14.8%
2030	13.9%	14.8%
2029	14.2%	14.8%
2028	14.4%	14.8%
2027	14.7%	14.8%
2026	15%	14.9%
2025	15.5%	15%
2024	15.6%	15%
2023	16%	15.2%
2022	16.2%	15.4%
2021	16.4%	15.5%
2020	16.4%	15.6%
2019	16.4%	15.8%
2018	16.4%	16%
2017	16.3%	16.2%
2016	16.2%	16.4%
2015	16%	16.6%
2014	15.9%	16.9%
2013	15.7%	17.1%
2012	15.6%	17.3%
2011	15.4%	17.4%
2010	15.2%	17.6%
2009	15%	17.7%
2008	14.9%	17.9%
2007	14.9%	18.1%
2006	15%	18.3%
2005	15.2%	18.5%
2004	15.6%	18.6%
2003	16.1%	18.7%
2002	16.6%	18.8%
2001	17.2%	18.8%
2000	17.6%	18.8%
1999	18.4%	18.7%
1998	19.2%	18.6%
1997	19.8%	18.6%
1996	20.3%	18.6%
1995	20.7%	18.6%
1994	21.1%	18.6%
1993	21.4%	18.5%
1992	21.8%	18.5%
1991	22.1%	18.4%
1990	22.3%	18.4%
1989	22.3%	18.4%
1988	22.2%	18.5%
1987	22.2%	18.7%
1986	22.1%	19.1%
1985	22.1%	19.5%
1984	22.1%	20.1%
1983	22%	20.7%
1982	21.9%	21.3%
1981	21.8%	21.8%
1980	21.7%	22.3%
1979	21.6%	22.9%
1978	21.5%	23.5%
1977	21.5%	24.2%
1976	21.6%	24.8%
1975	21.6%	25.3%
1974	21.8%	25.9%
1973	21.9%	26.4%
1972	22%	26.8%
1971	22%	27.1%
1970	22.1%	27.3%
1969	22.1%	27.5%
1968	22.2%	27.6%
1967	22.3%	27.8%
1966	22.6%	28.1%
1965	22.8%	28.3%
1964	23%	28.5%
1963	23.2%	28.7%
1962	23.3%	29.1%
1961	23.3%	29.7%
1960	23.1%	30%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 15% in the Netherlands in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 18.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and the Netherlands compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Netherlands

Chart Table

Estonia

Netherlands

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Netherlands
2023	5	4
2022	7	4
2021	8	5
2020	6	4
2019	6	5
2018	5	5
2017	5	5
2016	7	5
2015	6	5
2014	7	5
2013	6	6
2012	8	6
2011	9	7
2010	8	6
2009	10	7
2008	11	8
2007	13	8
2006	13	9
2005	15	10
2004	15	11
2003	18	12
2002	22	13
2001	25	13
2000	27	13
1999	28	13
1998	32	12
1997	31	13
1996	36	12
1995	45	12
1994	60	12
1993	46	12
1992	40	12
1991	42	12
1990	44	12
1989	48	12
1988	43	12
1987	42	12
1986	46	12
1985	56	12

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 4 deaths in the Netherlands.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Netherlands

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Netherlands
2023	0.21%	0.4%
2022	0.22%	0.4%
2021	0.23%	0.4%
2020	0.24%	0.4%
2019	0.25%	0.4%
2018	0.27%	0.4%
2017	0.28%	0.4%
2016	0.3%	0.41%
2015	0.32%	0.41%
2014	0.34%	0.41%
2013	0.36%	0.42%
2012	0.39%	0.42%
2011	0.42%	0.43%
2010	0.46%	0.44%
2009	0.5%	0.46%
2008	0.54%	0.47%
2007	0.59%	0.49%
2006	0.65%	0.51%
2005	0.71%	0.53%
2004	0.78%	0.55%
2003	0.85%	0.57%
2002	0.93%	0.59%
2001	1.01%	0.61%
2000	1.1%	0.62%
1999	1.2%	0.63%
1998	1.29%	0.64%
1997	1.39%	0.66%
1996	1.48%	0.67%
1995	1.57%	0.69%
1994	1.64%	0.71%
1993	1.69%	0.74%
1992	1.73%	0.77%
1991	1.75%	0.8%
1990	1.77%	0.83%
1989	1.79%	0.86%
1988	1.81%	0.89%
1987	1.83%	0.92%
1986	1.86%	0.95%
1985	1.91%	0.97%
1984	1.96%	0.99%
1983	2.02%	1.02%
1982	2.09%	1.04%
1981	2.16%	1.06%
1980	2.24%	1.09%
1979	-	1.12%
1978	-	1.16%
1977	-	1.21%
1976	-	1.26%
1975	-	1.31%
1974	-	1.36%
1973	-	1.41%
1972	-	1.47%
1971	-	1.53%
1970	-	1.58%
1969	-	1.64%
1968	-	1.69%
1967	-	1.74%
1966	-	1.79%
1965	-	1.83%
1964	-	1.88%
1963	-	1.92%
1962	-	1.97%
1961	-	2.03%
1960	-	2.08%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 0.4% in the Netherlands. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.