Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Ethiopia

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Ethiopia by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Ethiopia

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Ethiopia
2023	1.31	3.99
2022	1.41	4.08
2021	1.61	4.18
2020	1.58	4.27
2019	1.66	4.35
2018	1.67	4.37
2017	1.59	4.4
2016	1.6	4.47
2015	1.58	4.53
2014	1.54	4.61
2013	1.52	4.71
2012	1.56	4.89
2011	1.61	5.08
2010	1.72	5.28
2009	1.7	5.49
2008	1.72	5.7
2007	1.69	5.89
2006	1.58	6.05
2005	1.52	6.19
2004	1.47	6.3
2003	1.37	6.4
2002	1.36	6.5
2001	1.32	6.58
2000	1.36	6.65
1999	1.3	6.72
1998	1.28	6.79
1997	1.32	6.87
1996	1.37	6.93
1995	1.38	7
1994	1.42	7.05
1993	1.49	7.09
1992	1.71	7.13
1991	1.8	7.16
1990	2.05	7.2
1989	2.22	7.23
1988	2.27	7.26
1987	2.27	7.29
1986	2.18	7.32
1985	2.13	7.34
1984	2.17	7.36
1983	2.16	7.35
1982	2.07	7.34
1981	2.07	7.31
1980	2.02	7.29
1979	2	7.25
1978	2.02	7.23
1977	2.06	7.19
1976	2.07	7.13
1975	2.04	7.08
1974	2.07	7.02
1973	2.06	6.96
1972	2.13	6.9
1971	2.19	6.84
1970	2.17	6.78
1969	2.13	6.72
1968	2.03	6.7
1967	1.9	6.68
1966	1.87	6.66
1965	1.88	6.63
1964	1.94	6.61
1963	1.89	6.59
1962	1.95	6.56
1961	1.98	6.53
1960	1.98	6.51

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.99 in Ethiopia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Ethiopia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Ethiopia

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Ethiopia
2023	-5,070	3,338,649
2022	-5,665	3,300,114
2021	-5,324	3,204,673
2020	-2,659	3,199,718
2019	-1,327	3,132,780
2018	-1,322	3,015,231
2017	-1,713	2,899,143
2016	-1,316	2,809,889
2015	-1,315	2,713,529
2014	-1,972	2,623,647
2013	-1,713	2,546,020
2012	-1,455	2,533,398
2011	-531	2,527,811
2010	0	2,498,048
2009	-400	2,467,118
2008	-668	2,465,283
2007	-1,608	2,436,753
2006	-2,559	2,393,585
2005	-2,981	2,353,375
2004	-3,679	2,296,999
2003	-5,072	2,231,223
2002	-5,380	2,189,683
2001	-5,830	2,137,791
2000	-5,309	2,083,622
1999	-6,117	2,010,987
1998	-7,208	1,984,989
1997	-6,018	1,945,112
1996	-5,662	1,896,364
1995	-7,327	1,831,068
1994	-8,044	1,788,133
1993	-5,976	1,734,851
1992	-1,993	1,673,839
1991	-312	1,579,416
1990	2,825	1,479,663
1989	5,803	1,441,769
1988	6,404	1,393,356
1987	6,829	1,356,853
1986	6,160	1,050,277
1985	4,281	997,050
1984	5,163	920,670
1983	5,884	863,472
1982	5,244	1,080,853
1981	4,612	1,018,838
1980	3,989	1,007,516
1979	3,818	987,203
1978	4,088	943,388
1977	4,931	929,381
1976	4,319	899,577
1975	4,717	801,425
1974	5,956	777,306
1973	5,623	807,535
1972	6,267	779,808
1971	7,160	787,047
1970	6,257	760,821
1969	5,515	736,428
1968	5,592	715,602
1967	5,012	695,283
1966	4,842	616,281
1965	5,437	642,359
1964	6,897	618,667
1963	6,043	590,998
1962	6,457	563,650
1961	7,228	538,518
1960	7,511	511,694

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +2.59% in Ethiopia.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +2.64% in Ethiopia.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Ethiopia by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Ethiopia

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Ethiopia
2023	8	31.9
2022	8.6	32.4
2021	10	32.9
2020	9.9	33.3
2019	10.6	33.5
2018	10.9	33.4
2017	10.5	33.2
2016	10.7	33.3
2015	10.6	33.3
2014	10.3	33.4
2013	10.3	33.6
2012	10.6	34.6
2011	11.1	35.7
2010	11.9	36.6
2009	11.8	37.5
2008	12	38.9
2007	11.8	40.1
2006	11	41.1
2005	10.6	42.1
2004	10.3	42.7
2003	9.5	43.3
2002	9.4	44.3
2001	9.1	45
2000	9.4	45.6
1999	9	46.4
1998	8.8	47
1997	9	47.9
1996	9.4	48.6
1995	9.4	49
1994	9.7	49.6
1993	10.2	50.1
1992	11.8	50.4
1991	12.4	50.2
1990	14.2	50.8
1989	15.5	50.8
1988	16	50.9
1987	16.2	51.2
1986	15.7	51.5
1985	15.5	51.6
1984	16	51.4
1983	16	51.1
1982	15.4	50.8
1981	15.4	50.3
1980	15	51.4
1979	14.9	51.3
1978	15	51
1977	15.2	51.2
1976	15.1	50.7
1975	14.9	50.6
1974	15.1	50.4
1973	15.1	50.1
1972	15.6	50
1971	16.1	49.9
1970	15.8	49.7
1969	15.4	49.6
1968	14.9	49.5
1967	14.2	49.6
1966	14.2	49.5
1965	14.6	49.3
1964	15.4	49
1963	15.3	48.7
1962	16.1	48.5
1961	16.5	48.1
1960	16.7	47.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 31.9 in Ethiopia, compared with 16.7 and 47.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Ethiopia

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Ethiopia
2100	11.7%	19.2%
2099	11.7%	19.4%
2098	11.8%	19.5%
2097	11.9%	19.6%
2096	11.9%	19.8%
2095	12%	19.9%
2094	12.1%	20.1%
2093	12.2%	20.2%
2092	12.3%	20.4%
2091	12.4%	20.5%
2090	12.4%	20.7%
2089	12.5%	20.9%
2088	12.5%	21%
2087	12.6%	21.2%
2086	12.6%	21.4%
2085	12.6%	21.5%
2084	12.5%	21.7%
2083	12.5%	21.9%
2082	12.4%	22.1%
2081	12.3%	22.3%
2080	12.3%	22.5%
2079	12.2%	22.6%
2078	12.1%	22.8%
2077	12%	23.1%
2076	11.9%	23.3%
2075	11.8%	23.5%
2074	11.7%	23.7%
2073	11.7%	23.9%
2072	11.6%	24.2%
2071	11.6%	24.4%
2070	11.6%	24.7%
2069	11.6%	24.9%
2068	11.7%	25.2%
2067	11.7%	25.4%
2066	11.8%	25.7%
2065	11.9%	26%
2064	12.1%	26.2%
2063	12.2%	26.5%
2062	12.4%	26.8%
2061	12.5%	27.1%
2060	12.7%	27.4%
2059	12.8%	27.6%
2058	12.9%	27.9%
2057	13%	28.2%
2056	13.1%	28.5%
2055	13.2%	28.8%
2054	13.2%	29%
2053	13.2%	29.3%
2052	13.2%	29.6%
2051	13.1%	29.9%
2050	13%	30.2%
2049	12.9%	30.5%
2048	12.8%	30.8%
2047	12.7%	31.1%
2046	12.5%	31.5%
2045	12.4%	31.9%
2044	12.3%	32.2%
2043	12.1%	32.6%
2042	12%	33%
2041	11.9%	33.4%
2040	11.9%	33.8%
2039	11.8%	34.3%
2038	11.8%	34.7%
2037	11.9%	35.1%
2036	12.1%	35.6%
2035	12.3%	36%
2034	12.6%	36.5%
2033	12.9%	36.8%
2032	13.2%	37.2%
2031	13.6%	37.5%
2030	13.9%	37.7%
2029	14.2%	37.9%
2028	14.4%	38.2%
2027	14.7%	38.4%
2026	15%	38.6%
2025	15.5%	38.9%
2024	15.6%	39.1%
2023	16%	39.4%
2022	16.2%	39.7%
2021	16.4%	40.1%
2020	16.4%	40.5%
2019	16.4%	40.9%
2018	16.4%	41.3%
2017	16.3%	41.8%
2016	16.2%	42.3%
2015	16%	42.9%
2014	15.9%	43.4%
2013	15.7%	44%
2012	15.6%	44.6%
2011	15.4%	45.2%
2010	15.2%	45.7%
2009	15%	46.2%
2008	14.9%	46.6%
2007	14.9%	46.9%
2006	15%	47.2%
2005	15.2%	47.4%
2004	15.6%	47.6%
2003	16.1%	47.7%
2002	16.6%	47.8%
2001	17.2%	47.8%
2000	17.6%	47.7%
1999	18.4%	47.6%
1998	19.2%	47.4%
1997	19.8%	47.1%
1996	20.3%	46.9%
1995	20.7%	46.7%
1994	21.1%	46.5%
1993	21.4%	46.4%
1992	21.8%	46.2%
1991	22.1%	46.2%
1990	22.3%	46.2%
1989	22.3%	46.1%
1988	22.2%	46%
1987	22.2%	46%
1986	22.1%	46%
1985	22.1%	46.1%
1984	22.1%	46.2%
1983	22%	46.4%
1982	21.9%	46.5%
1981	21.8%	46.4%
1980	21.7%	46.3%
1979	21.6%	46.2%
1978	21.5%	46.1%
1977	21.5%	45.9%
1976	21.6%	45.7%
1975	21.6%	45.6%
1974	21.8%	45.4%
1973	21.9%	45.2%
1972	22%	44.9%
1971	22%	44.5%
1970	22.1%	44.2%
1969	22.1%	43.8%
1968	22.2%	43.5%
1967	22.3%	43.2%
1966	22.6%	42.9%
1965	22.8%	42.5%
1964	23%	42.3%
1963	23.2%	42.2%
1962	23.3%	42.1%
1961	23.3%	42.2%
1960	23.1%	42.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 39.1% in Ethiopia in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 46.2% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Ethiopia compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Ethiopia

Chart Table

Estonia

Ethiopia

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Ethiopia
2023	5	195
2022	7	207
2021	8	250
2020	6	244
2019	6	269
2018	5	297
2017	5	327
2016	7	364
2015	6	401
2014	7	444
2013	6	494
2012	8	545
2011	9	588
2010	8	619
2009	10	649
2008	11	678
2007	13	704
2006	13	729
2005	15	754
2004	15	764
2003	18	797
2002	22	826
2001	25	856
2000	27	870
1999	28	901
1998	32	911
1997	31	957
1996	36	1,008
1995	45	1,060
1994	60	1,113
1993	46	1,168
1992	40	1,218
1991	42	1,239
1990	44	1,320
1989	48	1,296
1988	43	1,306
1987	42	1,289
1986	46	1,317
1985	56	1,329

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 195 deaths in Ethiopia.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Ethiopia

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Ethiopia
2023	0.21%	4.65%
2022	0.22%	4.82%
2021	0.23%	5%
2020	0.24%	5.2%
2019	0.25%	5.41%
2018	0.27%	5.64%
2017	0.28%	5.89%
2016	0.3%	6.17%
2015	0.32%	6.49%
2014	0.34%	6.82%
2013	0.36%	7.16%
2012	0.39%	7.53%
2011	0.42%	7.91%
2010	0.46%	8.32%
2009	0.5%	8.76%
2008	0.54%	9.23%
2007	0.59%	9.74%
2006	0.65%	10.3%
2005	0.71%	10.9%
2004	0.78%	11.5%
2003	0.85%	12.1%
2002	0.93%	12.8%
2001	1.01%	13.4%
2000	1.1%	14%
1999	1.2%	14.7%
1998	1.29%	15.3%
1997	1.39%	15.9%
1996	1.48%	16.6%
1995	1.57%	17.2%
1994	1.64%	17.9%
1993	1.69%	18.5%
1992	1.73%	19.1%
1991	1.75%	19.7%
1990	1.77%	20.2%
1989	1.79%	20.6%
1988	1.81%	21%
1987	1.83%	21.5%
1986	1.86%	29.7%
1985	1.91%	30.3%
1984	1.96%	31.4%
1983	2.02%	32%
1982	2.09%	23.5%
1981	2.16%	23.8%
1980	2.24%	24%
1979	-	24.2%
1978	-	24.4%
1977	-	24.5%
1976	-	24.5%
1975	-	28.2%
1974	-	28.3%
1973	-	24.6%
1972	-	24.7%
1971	-	24.7%
1970	-	24.7%
1969	-	24.8%
1968	-	24.8%
1967	-	24.9%
1966	-	27.8%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 4.65% in Ethiopia. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.