Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and North Macedonia

Fertility rate in Estonia vs North Macedonia by year

Chart Table

Estonia

North Macedonia

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	North Macedonia
2023	1.31	1.5
2022	1.41	1.6
2021	1.61	1.6
2020	1.58	1.31
2019	1.66	1.34
2018	1.67	1.42
2017	1.59	1.43
2016	1.6	1.5
2015	1.58	1.49
2014	1.54	1.5
2013	1.52	1.5
2012	1.56	1.5
2011	1.61	1.46
2010	1.72	1.6
2009	1.7	1.5
2008	1.72	1.47
2007	1.69	1.46
2006	1.58	1.46
2005	1.52	1.5
2004	1.47	1.52
2003	1.37	1.75
2002	1.36	1.79
2001	1.32	1.73
2000	1.36	1.86
1999	1.3	1.77
1998	1.28	1.89
1997	1.32	1.92
1996	1.37	2.06
1995	1.38	2.13
1994	1.42	2.23
1993	1.49	2.26
1992	1.71	2.28
1991	1.8	2.31
1990	2.05	2.27
1989	2.22	2.25
1988	2.27	2.32
1987	2.27	2.32
1986	2.18	2.25
1985	2.13	2.25
1984	2.17	2.24
1983	2.16	2.25
1982	2.07	2.29
1981	2.07	2.29
1980	2.02	2.36
1979	2	2.4
1978	2.02	2.42
1977	2.06	2.49
1976	2.07	2.62
1975	2.04	2.69
1974	2.07	2.7
1973	2.06	2.72
1972	2.13	2.87
1971	2.19	2.93
1970	2.17	3.01
1969	2.13	3.1
1968	2.03	3.22
1967	1.9	3.33
1966	1.87	3.43
1965	1.88	3.52
1964	1.94	3.56
1963	1.89	3.62
1962	1.95	3.5
1961	1.98	3.62
1960	1.98	3.83

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.5 in North Macedonia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs North Macedonia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

North Macedonia

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	North Macedonia
2023	-5,070	-3,290
2022	-5,665	-4,397
2021	-5,324	-9,737
2020	-2,659	-5,939
2019	-1,327	-375
2018	-1,322	1,512
2017	-1,713	1,329
2016	-1,316	2,374
2015	-1,315	2,294
2014	-1,972	3,644
2013	-1,713	3,653
2012	-1,455	3,087
2011	-531	3,100
2010	0	4,866
2009	-400	4,309
2008	-668	3,746
2007	-1,608	2,974
2006	-2,559	3,988
2005	-2,981	4,011
2004	-3,679	5,444
2003	-5,072	8,900
2002	-5,380	9,697
2001	-5,830	10,174
2000	-5,309	12,159
1999	-6,117	10,489
1998	-7,208	12,446
1997	-6,018	12,979
1996	-5,662	14,806
1995	-7,327	17,239
1994	-8,044	19,103
1993	-5,976	20,797
1992	-1,993	21,659
1991	-312	23,387
1990	2,825	22,868
1989	5,803	22,912
1988	6,404	24,064
1987	6,829	24,359
1986	6,160	23,720
1985	4,281	24,167
1984	5,163	24,436
1983	5,884	24,690
1982	5,244	25,810
1981	4,612	25,689
1980	3,989	26,547
1979	3,818	27,096
1978	4,088	27,150
1977	4,931	27,410
1976	4,319	28,799
1975	4,717	28,983
1974	5,956	28,400
1973	5,623	28,032
1972	6,267	28,236
1971	7,160	28,010
1970	6,257	28,022
1969	5,515	27,464
1968	5,592	28,378
1967	5,012	28,401
1966	4,842	28,766
1965	5,437	28,564
1964	6,897	27,889
1963	6,043	28,124
1962	6,457	25,317
1961	7,228	27,846
1960	7,511	28,816

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and -0.18% in North Macedonia.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and -0.07% in North Macedonia.

Birth rate in Estonia vs North Macedonia by year

Chart Table

Estonia

North Macedonia

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	North Macedonia
2023	8	9.2
2022	8.6	9.9
2021	10	10.2
2020	9.9	9.2
2019	10.6	9.6
2018	10.9	10.3
2017	10.5	10.5
2016	10.7	11.1
2015	10.6	11.1
2014	10.3	11.4
2013	10.3	11.2
2012	10.6	11.4
2011	11.1	11.1
2010	11.9	11.8
2009	11.8	11.5
2008	12	11.2
2007	11.8	11.1
2006	11	11.1
2005	10.6	11
2004	10.3	11.5
2003	9.5	13.3
2002	9.4	13.7
2001	9.1	13.3
2000	9.4	14.5
1999	9	13.5
1998	8.8	14.6
1997	9	14.8
1996	9.4	16.1
1995	9.4	16.7
1994	9.7	17.7
1993	10.2	18.2
1992	11.8	18.4
1991	12.4	18.7
1990	14.2	18.4
1989	15.5	18.4
1988	16	19.1
1987	16.2	19.3
1986	15.7	18.9
1985	15.5	19.1
1984	16	19.2
1983	16	19.5
1982	15.4	19.9
1981	15.4	20.1
1980	15	20.8
1979	14.9	21.1
1978	15	21.3
1977	15.2	21.9
1976	15.1	23
1975	14.9	23.6
1974	15.1	23.5
1973	15.1	23.5
1972	15.6	24.5
1971	16.1	24.7
1970	15.8	25.1
1969	15.4	25.4
1968	14.9	26.1
1967	14.2	26.7
1966	14.2	27.5
1965	14.6	28.1
1964	15.4	28.4
1963	15.3	29
1962	16.1	28.3
1961	16.5	29.2
1960	16.7	31

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 9.2 in North Macedonia, compared with 16.7 and 31, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

North Macedonia

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	North Macedonia
2100	11.7%	10.6%
2099	11.7%	10.7%
2098	11.8%	10.7%
2097	11.9%	10.8%
2096	11.9%	10.8%
2095	12%	10.9%
2094	12.1%	11%
2093	12.2%	11%
2092	12.3%	11.1%
2091	12.4%	11.2%
2090	12.4%	11.2%
2089	12.5%	11.3%
2088	12.5%	11.3%
2087	12.6%	11.4%
2086	12.6%	11.4%
2085	12.6%	11.4%
2084	12.5%	11.4%
2083	12.5%	11.4%
2082	12.4%	11.4%
2081	12.3%	11.4%
2080	12.3%	11.4%
2079	12.2%	11.3%
2078	12.1%	11.3%
2077	12%	11.3%
2076	11.9%	11.2%
2075	11.8%	11.2%
2074	11.7%	11.2%
2073	11.7%	11.2%
2072	11.6%	11.1%
2071	11.6%	11.2%
2070	11.6%	11.2%
2069	11.6%	11.2%
2068	11.7%	11.3%
2067	11.7%	11.4%
2066	11.8%	11.5%
2065	11.9%	11.6%
2064	12.1%	11.7%
2063	12.2%	11.9%
2062	12.4%	12%
2061	12.5%	12.2%
2060	12.7%	12.3%
2059	12.8%	12.4%
2058	12.9%	12.6%
2057	13%	12.7%
2056	13.1%	12.8%
2055	13.2%	12.9%
2054	13.2%	13%
2053	13.2%	13%
2052	13.2%	13.1%
2051	13.1%	13.1%
2050	13%	13.1%
2049	12.9%	13.1%
2048	12.8%	13.1%
2047	12.7%	13%
2046	12.5%	13%
2045	12.4%	13%
2044	12.3%	13%
2043	12.1%	12.9%
2042	12%	12.9%
2041	11.9%	12.9%
2040	11.9%	13%
2039	11.8%	13%
2038	11.8%	13%
2037	11.9%	13.2%
2036	12.1%	13.4%
2035	12.3%	13.6%
2034	12.6%	13.8%
2033	12.9%	14.1%
2032	13.2%	14.4%
2031	13.6%	14.7%
2030	13.9%	15.1%
2029	14.2%	15.4%
2028	14.4%	15.8%
2027	14.7%	16.1%
2026	15%	16.4%
2025	15.5%	16.7%
2024	15.6%	16.8%
2023	16%	17.1%
2022	16.2%	17.2%
2021	16.4%	17.2%
2020	16.4%	17.2%
2019	16.4%	17.2%
2018	16.4%	17.4%
2017	16.3%	17.5%
2016	16.2%	17.8%
2015	16%	18%
2014	15.9%	18.3%
2013	15.7%	18.6%
2012	15.6%	18.8%
2011	15.4%	19%
2010	15.2%	19.3%
2009	15%	19.7%
2008	14.9%	20%
2007	14.9%	20.4%
2006	15%	20.8%
2005	15.2%	21.2%
2004	15.6%	21.7%
2003	16.1%	22.1%
2002	16.6%	22.5%
2001	17.2%	22.9%
2000	17.6%	23.4%
1999	18.4%	23.9%
1998	19.2%	24.4%
1997	19.8%	24.8%
1996	20.3%	25.1%
1995	20.7%	25.4%
1994	21.1%	25.5%
1993	21.4%	25.7%
1992	21.8%	26.1%
1991	22.1%	26.5%
1990	22.3%	26.9%
1989	22.3%	27.1%
1988	22.2%	27.4%
1987	22.2%	27.6%
1986	22.1%	27.8%
1985	22.1%	28.1%
1984	22.1%	28.3%
1983	22%	28.5%
1982	21.9%	28.8%
1981	21.8%	29.1%
1980	21.7%	29.5%
1979	21.6%	29.9%
1978	21.5%	30.3%
1977	21.5%	30.6%
1976	21.6%	30.9%
1975	21.6%	31.3%
1974	21.8%	31.7%
1973	21.9%	32.2%
1972	22%	32.6%
1971	22%	33%
1970	22.1%	33.5%
1969	22.1%	34.1%
1968	22.2%	34.7%
1967	22.3%	35.2%
1966	22.6%	35.8%
1965	22.8%	36.3%
1964	23%	36.7%
1963	23.2%	37.2%
1962	23.3%	37.6%
1961	23.3%	37.8%
1960	23.1%	37.7%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 16.8% in North Macedonia in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 26.9% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and North Macedonia compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs North Macedonia

Chart Table

Estonia

North Macedonia

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	North Macedonia
2023	5	3
2022	7	3
2021	8	12
2020	6	7
2019	6	3
2018	5	3
2017	5	4
2016	7	4
2015	6	4
2014	7	4
2013	6	5
2012	8	5
2011	9	5
2010	8	5
2009	10	6
2008	11	6
2007	13	7
2006	13	7
2005	15	7
2004	15	8
2003	18	8
2002	22	10
2001	25	9
2000	27	11
1999	28	12
1998	32	13
1997	31	13
1996	36	14
1995	45	13
1994	60	13
1993	46	14
1992	40	14
1991	42	15
1990	44	16
1989	48	14
1988	43	16
1987	42	15
1986	46	16
1985	56	17

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 3 deaths in North Macedonia.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

North Macedonia

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	North Macedonia
2023	0.21%	0.33%
2022	0.22%	0.41%
2021	0.23%	0.5%
2020	0.24%	0.59%
2019	0.25%	0.7%
2018	0.27%	0.83%
2017	0.28%	0.97%
2016	0.3%	1.08%
2015	0.32%	1.13%
2014	0.34%	1.11%
2013	0.36%	1.07%
2012	0.39%	1.02%
2011	0.42%	1%
2010	0.46%	1.04%
2009	0.5%	1.1%
2008	0.54%	1.17%
2007	0.59%	1.23%
2006	0.65%	1.3%
2005	0.71%	1.37%
2004	0.78%	1.42%
2003	0.85%	1.43%
2002	0.93%	1.43%
2001	1.01%	1.48%
2000	1.1%	1.59%
1999	1.2%	1.73%
1998	1.29%	1.83%
1997	1.39%	1.93%
1996	1.48%	2.12%
1995	1.57%	2.45%
1994	1.64%	2.85%
1993	1.69%	3.13%
1992	1.73%	3.3%
1991	1.75%	3.46%
1990	1.77%	3.7%
1989	1.79%	4.01%
1988	1.81%	4.36%
1987	1.83%	4.69%
1986	1.86%	4.91%
1985	1.91%	5%
1984	1.96%	5.06%
1983	2.02%	5.25%
1982	2.09%	5.53%
1981	2.16%	5.79%
1980	2.24%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 0.33% in North Macedonia. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.