Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Ghana

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Ghana by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Ghana

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Ghana
2023	1.31	3.4
2022	1.41	3.43
2021	1.61	3.49
2020	1.58	3.54
2019	1.66	3.59
2018	1.67	3.65
2017	1.59	3.72
2016	1.6	3.87
2015	1.58	3.98
2014	1.54	4.03
2013	1.52	4.11
2012	1.56	4.15
2011	1.61	4.18
2010	1.72	4.18
2009	1.7	4.18
2008	1.72	4.22
2007	1.69	4.29
2006	1.58	4.4
2005	1.52	4.5
2004	1.47	4.5
2003	1.37	4.6
2002	1.36	4.69
2001	1.32	4.77
2000	1.36	4.83
1999	1.3	4.82
1998	1.28	4.83
1997	1.32	4.88
1996	1.37	4.96
1995	1.38	5.11
1994	1.42	5.25
1993	1.49	5.41
1992	1.71	5.52
1991	1.8	5.63
1990	2.05	5.74
1989	2.22	5.82
1988	2.27	5.92
1987	2.27	6.02
1986	2.18	6.08
1985	2.13	6.12
1984	2.17	6.15
1983	2.16	6.23
1982	2.07	6.31
1981	2.07	6.42
1980	2.02	6.47
1979	2	6.51
1978	2.02	6.56
1977	2.06	6.64
1976	2.07	6.7
1975	2.04	6.76
1974	2.07	6.82
1973	2.06	6.87
1972	2.13	6.92
1971	2.19	6.95
1970	2.17	6.95
1969	2.13	6.95
1968	2.03	6.89
1967	1.9	6.89
1966	1.87	6.86
1965	1.88	6.88
1964	1.94	6.9
1963	1.89	6.94
1962	1.95	6.94
1961	1.98	6.91
1960	1.98	6.89

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.4 in Ghana in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Ghana population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Ghana

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Ghana
2023	-5,070	651,094
2022	-5,665	646,441
2021	-5,324	635,805
2020	-2,659	637,469
2019	-1,327	642,403
2018	-1,322	641,551
2017	-1,713	641,218
2016	-1,316	659,910
2015	-1,315	667,729
2014	-1,972	660,829
2013	-1,713	658,638
2012	-1,455	646,595
2011	-531	631,501
2010	0	613,133
2009	-400	592,825
2008	-668	579,695
2007	-1,608	572,332
2006	-2,559	569,474
2005	-2,981	563,234
2004	-3,679	543,339
2003	-5,072	536,656
2002	-5,380	528,620
2001	-5,830	519,382
2000	-5,309	508,738
1999	-6,117	487,210
1998	-7,208	471,313
1997	-6,018	459,822
1996	-5,662	450,259
1995	-7,327	451,748
1994	-8,044	449,589
1993	-5,976	454,669
1992	-1,993	452,156
1991	-312	448,159
1990	2,825	442,211
1989	5,803	432,541
1988	6,404	425,031
1987	6,829	419,328
1986	6,160	411,191
1985	4,281	401,722
1984	5,163	392,053
1983	5,884	379,846
1982	5,244	369,061
1981	4,612	359,572
1980	3,989	346,816
1979	3,818	334,848
1978	4,088	324,428
1977	4,931	315,429
1976	4,319	305,769
1975	4,717	298,267
1974	5,956	290,796
1973	5,623	283,385
1972	6,267	275,236
1971	7,160	265,442
1970	6,257	257,938
1969	5,515	251,925
1968	5,592	242,821
1967	5,012	237,156
1966	4,842	231,440
1965	5,437	229,061
1964	6,897	226,685
1963	6,043	225,367
1962	6,457	223,842
1961	7,228	222,372
1960	7,511	217,134

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +1.93% in Ghana.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +2.1% in Ghana.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Ghana by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Ghana

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Ghana
2023	8	26.3
2022	8.6	26.6
2021	10	27
2020	9.9	27.4
2019	10.6	27.9
2018	10.9	28.4
2017	10.5	28.9
2016	10.7	30.2
2015	10.6	31.1
2014	10.3	31.5
2013	10.3	32.2
2012	10.6	32.5
2011	11.1	32.7
2010	11.9	32.7
2009	11.8	32.6
2008	12	32.8
2007	11.8	33.2
2006	11	33.9
2005	10.6	34.4
2004	10.3	34.3
2003	9.5	34.8
2002	9.4	35.2
2001	9.1	35.6
2000	9.4	35.9
1999	9	35.6
1998	8.8	35.5
1997	9	35.6
1996	9.4	35.8
1995	9.4	36.7
1994	9.7	37.5
1993	10.2	38.5
1992	11.8	39.2
1991	12.4	39.9
1990	14.2	40.5
1989	15.5	40.9
1988	16	41.5
1987	16.2	42.2
1986	15.7	42.7
1985	15.5	43.1
1984	16	43.4
1983	16	43.4
1982	15.4	43.6
1981	15.4	43.9
1980	15	44.1
1979	14.9	44
1978	15	44.1
1977	15.2	44.4
1976	15.1	44.7
1975	14.9	45.3
1974	15.1	45.9
1973	15.1	46.4
1972	15.6	46.9
1971	16.1	47.4
1970	15.8	47.7
1969	15.4	47.9
1968	14.9	47.7
1967	14.2	47.7
1966	14.2	47.8
1965	14.6	48.2
1964	15.4	48.7
1963	15.3	49.2
1962	16.1	49.7
1961	16.5	50
1960	16.7	50.4

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 26.3 in Ghana, compared with 16.7 and 50.4, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Ghana

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Ghana
2100	11.7%	19.3%
2099	11.7%	19.5%
2098	11.8%	19.6%
2097	11.9%	19.7%
2096	11.9%	19.8%
2095	12%	20%
2094	12.1%	20.1%
2093	12.2%	20.2%
2092	12.3%	20.4%
2091	12.4%	20.5%
2090	12.4%	20.7%
2089	12.5%	20.8%
2088	12.5%	21%
2087	12.6%	21.1%
2086	12.6%	21.3%
2085	12.6%	21.4%
2084	12.5%	21.6%
2083	12.5%	21.7%
2082	12.4%	21.9%
2081	12.3%	22.1%
2080	12.3%	22.2%
2079	12.2%	22.4%
2078	12.1%	22.5%
2077	12%	22.7%
2076	11.9%	22.9%
2075	11.8%	23%
2074	11.7%	23.2%
2073	11.7%	23.4%
2072	11.6%	23.5%
2071	11.6%	23.7%
2070	11.6%	23.9%
2069	11.6%	24.1%
2068	11.7%	24.2%
2067	11.7%	24.4%
2066	11.8%	24.6%
2065	11.9%	24.8%
2064	12.1%	25.1%
2063	12.2%	25.3%
2062	12.4%	25.5%
2061	12.5%	25.7%
2060	12.7%	26%
2059	12.8%	26.2%
2058	12.9%	26.4%
2057	13%	26.7%
2056	13.1%	26.9%
2055	13.2%	27.2%
2054	13.2%	27.4%
2053	13.2%	27.7%
2052	13.2%	27.9%
2051	13.1%	28.2%
2050	13%	28.4%
2049	12.9%	28.6%
2048	12.8%	28.9%
2047	12.7%	29.1%
2046	12.5%	29.3%
2045	12.4%	29.5%
2044	12.3%	29.7%
2043	12.1%	29.9%
2042	12%	30.2%
2041	11.9%	30.4%
2040	11.9%	30.6%
2039	11.8%	30.8%
2038	11.8%	31%
2037	11.9%	31.3%
2036	12.1%	31.5%
2035	12.3%	31.8%
2034	12.6%	32%
2033	12.9%	32.3%
2032	13.2%	32.7%
2031	13.6%	33%
2030	13.9%	33.5%
2029	14.2%	33.9%
2028	14.4%	34.3%
2027	14.7%	34.8%
2026	15%	35.2%
2025	15.5%	35.6%
2024	15.6%	35.8%
2023	16%	36.2%
2022	16.2%	36.5%
2021	16.4%	36.9%
2020	16.4%	37.2%
2019	16.4%	37.6%
2018	16.4%	37.8%
2017	16.3%	38.1%
2016	16.2%	38.4%
2015	16%	38.6%
2014	15.9%	38.8%
2013	15.7%	38.9%
2012	15.6%	38.9%
2011	15.4%	39%
2010	15.2%	39.1%
2009	15%	39.3%
2008	14.9%	39.5%
2007	14.9%	39.8%
2006	15%	40.1%
2005	15.2%	40.4%
2004	15.6%	40.7%
2003	16.1%	41.1%
2002	16.6%	41.5%
2001	17.2%	41.9%
2000	17.6%	42.3%
1999	18.4%	42.7%
1998	19.2%	43.1%
1997	19.8%	43.5%
1996	20.3%	43.9%
1995	20.7%	44.2%
1994	21.1%	44.5%
1993	21.4%	44.8%
1992	21.8%	45%
1991	22.1%	45.2%
1990	22.3%	45.3%
1989	22.3%	45.4%
1988	22.2%	45.4%
1987	22.2%	45.5%
1986	22.1%	45.4%
1985	22.1%	45.3%
1984	22.1%	45.2%
1983	22%	45.4%
1982	21.9%	45.7%
1981	21.8%	45.9%
1980	21.7%	46.2%
1979	21.6%	46.5%
1978	21.5%	47%
1977	21.5%	47.5%
1976	21.6%	47.9%
1975	21.6%	48.2%
1974	21.8%	48.3%
1973	21.9%	48.4%
1972	22%	48.4%
1971	22%	48.4%
1970	22.1%	48.2%
1969	22.1%	48.1%
1968	22.2%	47.9%
1967	22.3%	47.8%
1966	22.6%	47.6%
1965	22.8%	47.4%
1964	23%	47.1%
1963	23.2%	46.8%
1962	23.3%	46.4%
1961	23.3%	45.9%
1960	23.1%	45.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 35.8% in Ghana in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 45.3% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Ghana compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Ghana

Chart Table

Estonia

Ghana

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Ghana
2023	5	234
2022	7	239
2021	8	264
2020	6	253
2019	6	260
2018	5	276
2017	5	287
2016	7	296
2015	6	310
2014	7	317
2013	6	338
2012	8	351
2011	9	356
2010	8	363
2009	10	369
2008	11	380
2007	13	377
2006	13	385
2005	15	390
2004	15	403
2003	18	410
2002	22	434
2001	25	460
2000	27	472
1999	28	490
1998	32	521
1997	31	553
1996	36	591
1995	45	630
1994	60	670
1993	46	696
1992	40	718
1991	42	745
1990	44	769
1989	48	799
1988	43	834
1987	42	873
1986	46	908
1985	56	943

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 234 deaths in Ghana.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Ghana

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Ghana
2023	0.21%	3.71%
2022	0.22%	3.85%
2021	0.23%	4.02%
2020	0.24%	4.2%
2019	0.25%	4.39%
2018	0.27%	4.6%
2017	0.28%	4.81%
2016	0.3%	5.02%
2015	0.32%	5.25%
2014	0.34%	5.48%
2013	0.36%	5.74%
2012	0.39%	6.02%
2011	0.42%	6.33%
2010	0.46%	6.65%
2009	0.5%	6.99%
2008	0.54%	7.31%
2007	0.59%	7.63%
2006	0.65%	7.93%
2005	0.71%	8.22%
2004	0.78%	8.52%
2003	0.85%	8.85%
2002	0.93%	9.21%
2001	1.01%	9.61%
2000	1.1%	10%
1999	1.2%	10.4%
1998	1.29%	10.8%
1997	1.39%	11.1%
1996	1.48%	11.3%
1995	1.57%	11.5%
1994	1.64%	11.6%
1993	1.69%	11.8%
1992	1.73%	12%
1991	1.75%	12.3%
1990	1.77%	12.8%
1989	1.79%	13.3%
1988	1.81%	13.8%
1987	1.83%	14.4%
1986	1.86%	15%
1985	1.91%	15.5%
1984	1.96%	15.9%
1983	2.02%	16.2%
1982	2.09%	16.4%
1981	2.16%	16.6%
1980	2.24%	16.7%
1979	-	16.9%
1978	-	17.2%
1977	-	17.7%
1976	-	18.2%
1975	-	18.7%
1974	-	19.2%
1973	-	19.6%
1972	-	19.9%
1971	-	20.1%
1970	-	20.2%
1969	-	20.3%
1968	-	20.3%
1967	-	20.3%
1966	-	20.3%
1965	-	20.3%
1964	-	20.3%
1963	-	20.4%
1962	-	20.5%
1961	-	20.7%
1960	-	20.9%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 3.71% in Ghana. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.