Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Mali

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Mali by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Mali

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Mali
2023	1.31	5.61
2022	1.41	5.69
2021	1.61	5.78
2020	1.58	5.85
2019	1.66	5.89
2018	1.67	6.12
2017	1.59	6.25
2016	1.6	6.32
2015	1.58	6.39
2014	1.54	6.44
2013	1.52	6.49
2012	1.56	6.52
2011	1.61	6.55
2010	1.72	6.58
2009	1.7	6.59
2008	1.72	6.62
2007	1.69	6.65
2006	1.58	6.68
2005	1.52	6.71
2004	1.47	6.74
2003	1.37	6.78
2002	1.36	6.82
2001	1.32	6.85
2000	1.36	6.89
1999	1.3	6.91
1998	1.28	6.94
1997	1.32	6.97
1996	1.37	7.01
1995	1.38	7.05
1994	1.42	7.12
1993	1.49	7.18
1992	1.71	7.24
1991	1.8	7.28
1990	2.05	7.31
1989	2.22	7.33
1988	2.27	7.32
1987	2.27	7.31
1986	2.18	7.31
1985	2.13	7.26
1984	2.17	7.26
1983	2.16	7.28
1982	2.07	7.32
1981	2.07	7.37
1980	2.02	7.37
1979	2	7.35
1978	2.02	7.32
1977	2.06	7.3
1976	2.07	7.27
1975	2.04	7.25
1974	2.07	7.23
1973	2.06	7.22
1972	2.13	7.22
1971	2.19	7.2
1970	2.17	7.18
1969	2.13	7.18
1968	2.03	7.16
1967	1.9	7.14
1966	1.87	7.11
1965	1.88	7.08
1964	1.94	7.06
1963	1.89	7.05
1962	1.95	7.04
1961	1.98	7.03
1960	1.98	7.02

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 5.61 in Mali in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Mali population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Mali

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Mali
2023	-5,070	746,398
2022	-5,665	726,465
2021	-5,324	703,674
2020	-2,659	683,053
2019	-1,327	667,110
2018	-1,322	670,723
2017	-1,713	661,973
2016	-1,316	645,652
2015	-1,315	630,006
2014	-1,972	614,419
2013	-1,713	597,887
2012	-1,455	588,748
2011	-531	570,899
2010	0	554,447
2009	-400	533,730
2008	-668	514,665
2007	-1,608	495,800
2006	-2,559	477,665
2005	-2,981	460,964
2004	-3,679	439,717
2003	-5,072	417,766
2002	-5,380	396,732
2001	-5,830	376,472
2000	-5,309	359,159
1999	-6,117	343,705
1998	-7,208	323,940
1997	-6,018	308,429
1996	-5,662	293,953
1995	-7,327	285,598
1994	-8,044	282,356
1993	-5,976	274,480
1992	-1,993	267,605
1991	-312	261,656
1990	2,825	252,308
1989	5,803	249,929
1988	6,404	245,682
1987	6,829	238,871
1986	6,160	233,799
1985	4,281	224,734
1984	5,163	218,078
1983	5,884	211,795
1982	5,244	204,892
1981	4,612	198,227
1980	3,989	190,560
1979	3,818	182,449
1978	4,088	172,652
1977	4,931	165,071
1976	4,319	157,778
1975	4,717	150,222
1974	5,956	142,448
1973	5,623	135,801
1972	6,267	129,687
1971	7,160	123,591
1970	6,257	118,952
1969	5,515	114,361
1968	5,592	111,403
1967	5,012	107,650
1966	4,842	103,684
1965	5,437	100,451
1964	6,897	97,166
1963	6,043	95,055
1962	6,457	93,101
1961	7,228	91,115
1960	7,511	88,802

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +3.14% in Mali.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +3.25% in Mali.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Mali by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Mali

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Mali
2023	8	40
2022	8.6	40.3
2021	10	40.7
2020	9.9	41
2019	10.6	41.1
2018	10.9	42.6
2017	10.5	43.4
2016	10.7	43.9
2015	10.6	44.5
2014	10.3	45
2013	10.3	45.5
2012	10.6	46.3
2011	11.1	46.5
2010	11.9	46.9
2009	11.8	47
2008	12	47.2
2007	11.8	47.4
2006	11	47.6
2005	10.6	47.9
2004	10.3	47.8
2003	9.5	47.6
2002	9.4	47.3
2001	9.1	47.1
2000	9.4	47.1
1999	9	47
1998	8.8	46.4
1997	9	46.1
1996	9.4	45.8
1995	9.4	45.9
1994	9.7	46.5
1993	10.2	46.7
1992	11.8	46.9
1991	12.4	47.2
1990	14.2	47
1989	15.5	47.7
1988	16	48.2
1987	16.2	48.4
1986	15.7	48.8
1985	15.5	48.8
1984	16	49
1983	16	49.4
1982	15.4	50
1981	15.4	50.4
1980	15	50.6
1979	14.9	50.7
1978	15	50.4
1977	15.2	50.5
1976	15.1	50.6
1975	14.9	50.6
1974	15.1	50.5
1973	15.1	50.5
1972	15.6	50.4
1971	16.1	50.5
1970	15.8	50.4
1969	15.4	50.5
1968	14.9	50.6
1967	14.2	50.6
1966	14.2	50.6
1965	14.6	50.5
1964	15.4	50.5
1963	15.3	50.6
1962	16.1	50.7
1961	16.5	50.8
1960	16.7	50.8

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 40 in Mali, compared with 16.7 and 50.8, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Mali

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Mali
2100	11.7%	22.4%
2099	11.7%	22.6%
2098	11.8%	22.8%
2097	11.9%	23%
2096	11.9%	23.1%
2095	12%	23.3%
2094	12.1%	23.5%
2093	12.2%	23.7%
2092	12.3%	23.9%
2091	12.4%	24.1%
2090	12.4%	24.3%
2089	12.5%	24.5%
2088	12.5%	24.8%
2087	12.6%	25%
2086	12.6%	25.2%
2085	12.6%	25.5%
2084	12.5%	25.7%
2083	12.5%	25.9%
2082	12.4%	26.2%
2081	12.3%	26.5%
2080	12.3%	26.7%
2079	12.2%	27%
2078	12.1%	27.3%
2077	12%	27.6%
2076	11.9%	27.9%
2075	11.8%	28.1%
2074	11.7%	28.4%
2073	11.7%	28.7%
2072	11.6%	29%
2071	11.6%	29.3%
2070	11.6%	29.6%
2069	11.6%	30%
2068	11.7%	30.3%
2067	11.7%	30.6%
2066	11.8%	30.9%
2065	11.9%	31.2%
2064	12.1%	31.6%
2063	12.2%	31.9%
2062	12.4%	32.2%
2061	12.5%	32.6%
2060	12.7%	33%
2059	12.8%	33.3%
2058	12.9%	33.7%
2057	13%	34.1%
2056	13.1%	34.4%
2055	13.2%	34.8%
2054	13.2%	35.2%
2053	13.2%	35.7%
2052	13.2%	36.1%
2051	13.1%	36.5%
2050	13%	36.9%
2049	12.9%	37.3%
2048	12.8%	37.8%
2047	12.7%	38.2%
2046	12.5%	38.6%
2045	12.4%	39%
2044	12.3%	39.4%
2043	12.1%	39.8%
2042	12%	40.2%
2041	11.9%	40.6%
2040	11.9%	41%
2039	11.8%	41.3%
2038	11.8%	41.6%
2037	11.9%	42%
2036	12.1%	42.3%
2035	12.3%	42.6%
2034	12.6%	42.9%
2033	12.9%	43.2%
2032	13.2%	43.5%
2031	13.6%	43.9%
2030	13.9%	44.2%
2029	14.2%	44.5%
2028	14.4%	44.9%
2027	14.7%	45.3%
2026	15%	45.6%
2025	15.5%	46%
2024	15.6%	46.1%
2023	16%	46.5%
2022	16.2%	46.8%
2021	16.4%	47%
2020	16.4%	47.3%
2019	16.4%	47.6%
2018	16.4%	47.8%
2017	16.3%	47.9%
2016	16.2%	48%
2015	16%	48%
2014	15.9%	48%
2013	15.7%	47.9%
2012	15.6%	47.6%
2011	15.4%	47.3%
2010	15.2%	47.1%
2009	15%	46.9%
2008	14.9%	46.8%
2007	14.9%	46.6%
2006	15%	46.5%
2005	15.2%	46.4%
2004	15.6%	46.4%
2003	16.1%	46.4%
2002	16.6%	46.4%
2001	17.2%	46.5%
2000	17.6%	46.6%
1999	18.4%	46.7%
1998	19.2%	46.8%
1997	19.8%	47%
1996	20.3%	47%
1995	20.7%	47.1%
1994	21.1%	47.1%
1993	21.4%	47.1%
1992	21.8%	47.1%
1991	22.1%	47%
1990	22.3%	46.8%
1989	22.3%	46.7%
1988	22.2%	46.4%
1987	22.2%	46%
1986	22.1%	45.7%
1985	22.1%	45.3%
1984	22.1%	45%
1983	22%	44.7%
1982	21.9%	44.5%
1981	21.8%	44.2%
1980	21.7%	43.9%
1979	21.6%	43.6%
1978	21.5%	43.2%
1977	21.5%	43%
1976	21.6%	42.7%
1975	21.6%	42.4%
1974	21.8%	42.1%
1973	21.9%	41.9%
1972	22%	41.7%
1971	22%	41.5%
1970	22.1%	41.3%
1969	22.1%	41.2%
1968	22.2%	41%
1967	22.3%	40.9%
1966	22.6%	40.8%
1965	22.8%	40.7%
1964	23%	40.6%
1963	23.2%	40.5%
1962	23.3%	40.4%
1961	23.3%	40.4%
1960	23.1%	40.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 46.1% in Mali in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 46.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Mali compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Mali

Chart Table

Estonia

Mali

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Mali
2023	5	367
2022	7	381
2021	8	415
2020	6	405
2019	6	416
2018	5	434
2017	5	453
2016	7	472
2015	6	490
2014	7	507
2013	6	525
2012	8	549
2011	9	553
2010	8	558
2009	10	565
2008	11	573
2007	13	574
2006	13	568
2005	15	577
2004	15	592
2003	18	616
2002	22	649
2001	25	694
2000	27	741
1999	28	749
1998	32	781
1997	31	820
1996	36	875
1995	45	895
1994	60	935
1993	46	988
1992	40	1,024
1991	42	1,063
1990	44	1,087
1989	48	1,106
1988	43	1,128
1987	42	1,142
1986	46	1,184
1985	56	1,217

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 367 deaths in Mali.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Mali

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Mali
2023	0.21%	9.13%
2022	0.22%	9.4%
2021	0.23%	9.69%
2020	0.24%	10%
2019	0.25%	10.3%
2018	0.27%	10.6%
2017	0.28%	10.9%
2016	0.3%	11.2%
2015	0.32%	11.6%
2014	0.34%	11.9%
2013	0.36%	12.2%
2012	0.39%	12.6%
2011	0.42%	13%
2010	0.46%	13.4%
2009	0.5%	13.8%
2008	0.54%	14.3%
2007	0.59%	14.7%
2006	0.65%	15.2%
2005	0.71%	15.7%
2004	0.78%	16.3%
2003	0.85%	16.9%
2002	0.93%	17.5%
2001	1.01%	18.2%
2000	1.1%	18.8%
1999	1.2%	19.4%
1998	1.29%	19.9%
1997	1.39%	20.4%
1996	1.48%	20.8%
1995	1.57%	21.2%
1994	1.64%	21.5%
1993	1.69%	21.9%
1992	1.73%	22.3%
1991	1.75%	22.7%
1990	1.77%	23.1%
1989	1.79%	23.6%
1988	1.81%	24.2%
1987	1.83%	24.8%
1986	1.86%	25.4%
1985	1.91%	26.1%
1984	1.96%	26.9%
1983	2.02%	27.7%
1982	2.09%	28.5%
1981	2.16%	29.3%
1980	2.24%	30.2%
1979	-	31%
1978	-	31.8%
1977	-	32.7%
1976	-	33.6%
1975	-	34.4%
1974	-	35.2%
1973	-	36%
1972	-	36.7%
1971	-	37.3%
1970	-	38%
1969	-	38.6%
1968	-	39.2%
1967	-	39.8%
1966	-	40.5%
1965	-	41.2%
1964	-	41.9%
1963	-	42.6%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 9.13% in Mali. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.