Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Marshall Islands

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Marshall Islands chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.92 in the Marshall Islands in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs the Marshall Islands population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Marshall Islands
1960	1.98	8.08
1961	1.98	8.12
1962	1.95	8.12
1963	1.89	8.12
1964	1.94	8.14
1965	1.88	8.16
1966	1.87	8.2
1967	1.9	8.17
1968	2.03	8.14
1969	2.13	8.11
1970	2.17	8.07
1971	2.19	8.04
1972	2.13	8
1973	2.06	7.95
1974	2.07	7.9
1975	2.04	7.83
1976	2.07	7.76
1977	2.06	7.67
1978	2.02	7.58
1979	2	7.47
1980	2.02	7.37
1981	2.07	7.27
1982	2.07	7.18
1983	2.16	7.08
1984	2.17	6.99
1985	2.13	6.87
1986	2.18	6.73
1987	2.27	6.57
1988	2.27	6.38
1989	2.22	6.18
1990	2.05	5.97
1991	1.8	5.76
1992	1.71	5.55
1993	1.49	5.38
1994	1.42	5.23
1995	1.38	5.09
1996	1.37	5.02
1997	1.32	4.96
1998	1.28	4.87
1999	1.3	4.78
2000	1.36	4.7
2001	1.32	4.58
2002	1.36	4.49
2003	1.37	4.42
2004	1.47	4.34
2005	1.52	4.28
2006	1.58	4.2
2007	1.69	4.09
2008	1.72	3.97
2009	1.7	3.83
2010	1.72	3.67
2011	1.61	3.53
2012	1.56	3.38
2013	1.52	3.25
2014	1.54	3.18
2015	1.58	3.13
2016	1.6	3.09
2017	1.59	3.06
2018	1.67	3.04
2019	1.66	3.01
2020	1.58	2.99
2021	1.61	2.96
2022	1.41	2.94
2023	1.31	2.92
2024	1.32	2.86
2025	1.33	2.82
2026	1.34	2.77
2027	1.35	2.73
2028	1.36	2.69
2029	1.37	2.65
2030	1.38	2.6
2031	1.39	2.57
2032	1.39	2.53
2033	1.4	2.5
2034	1.4	2.47
2035	1.41	2.44
2036	1.41	2.41
2037	1.42	2.38
2038	1.42	2.36
2039	1.42	2.34
2040	1.43	2.31
2041	1.43	2.29
2042	1.44	2.26
2043	1.44	2.24
2044	1.44	2.23
2045	1.45	2.21
2046	1.45	2.19
2047	1.46	2.17
2048	1.46	2.15
2049	1.46	2.13
2050	1.46	2.11

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Estonia	Marshall Islands
1960	23.1%	46.1%
1961	23.3%	46.7%
1962	23.3%	47.1%
1963	23.2%	47.4%
1964	23%	47.5%
1965	22.8%	47.5%
1966	22.6%	47.2%
1967	22.3%	46.7%
1968	22.2%	46.1%
1969	22.1%	45.3%
1970	22.1%	45%
1971	22%	45.6%
1972	22%	46.6%
1973	21.9%	47.3%
1974	21.8%	47.8%
1975	21.6%	48.2%
1976	21.6%	48.5%
1977	21.5%	49%
1978	21.5%	49.4%
1979	21.6%	49.8%
1980	21.7%	50.1%
1981	21.8%	50.3%
1982	21.9%	50.3%
1983	22%	50.4%
1984	22.1%	50.4%
1985	22.1%	50.6%
1986	22.1%	50.7%
1987	22.2%	50.8%
1988	22.2%	50.8%
1989	22.3%	50.6%
1990	22.3%	50.2%
1991	22.1%	49.7%
1992	21.8%	49.1%
1993	21.4%	48.4%
1994	21.1%	47.5%
1995	20.7%	46.6%
1996	20.3%	45.6%
1997	19.8%	44.7%
1998	19.2%	43.7%
1999	18.4%	42.8%
2000	17.6%	42%
2001	17.2%	41.3%
2002	16.6%	40.6%
2003	16.1%	39.9%
2004	15.6%	39.4%
2005	15.2%	39.1%
2006	15%	38.9%
2007	14.9%	39%
2008	14.9%	39.2%
2009	15%	39.4%
2010	15.2%	39.7%
2011	15.4%	39.7%
2012	15.6%	39.4%
2013	15.7%	38.8%
2014	15.9%	38.2%
2015	16%	37.5%
2016	16.2%	36.8%
2017	16.3%	36.2%
2018	16.4%	35.7%
2019	16.4%	35.1%
2020	16.4%	34.5%
2021	16.4%	34.4%
2022	16.2%	34.6%
2023	16%	34.7%
2024	15.6%	34.5%
2025	15.3%	33.9%
2026	14.9%	33.2%
2027	14.6%	32.6%
2028	14.3%	32%
2029	14%	31.4%
2030	13.7%	30.9%
2031	13.4%	30.3%
2032	13.1%	29.7%
2033	12.8%	29.2%
2034	12.4%	28.6%
2035	12.2%	28.1%
2036	12%	27.6%
2037	11.8%	27.3%
2038	11.8%	27.3%
2039	11.9%	27.4%
2040	11.9%	27.7%
2041	12%	28%
2042	12.1%	28.3%
2043	12.2%	28.6%
2044	12.3%	28.8%
2045	12.5%	29%
2046	12.6%	29.1%
2047	12.8%	29.1%
2048	12.9%	29%
2049	13%	28.8%
2050	13.1%	28.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 34.5% in the Marshall Islands in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 50.2% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and the Marshall Islands compared.

Natural population change in Estonia vs Marshall Islands by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.21% in Estonia and +1.69% in the Marshall Islands. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Estonia	Marshall Islands
1960	7,511	452
1961	7,228	469
1962	6,457	488
1963	6,043	509
1964	6,897	536
1965	5,437	566
1966	4,842	603
1967	5,012	636
1968	5,592	685
1969	5,515	747
1970	6,257	819
1971	7,160	877
1972	6,267	913
1973	5,623	954
1974	5,956	1,000
1975	4,717	1,055
1976	4,319	1,109
1977	4,931	1,160
1978	4,088	1,207
1979	3,818	1,250
1980	3,989	1,287
1981	4,612	1,328
1982	5,244	1,375
1983	5,884	1,422
1984	5,163	1,470
1985	4,281	1,511
1986	6,160	1,544
1987	6,829	1,566
1988	6,404	1,575
1989	5,803	1,574
1990	2,825	1,556
1991	-312	1,540
1992	-1,993	1,525
1993	-5,976	1,524
1994	-8,044	1,524
1995	-7,327	1,522
1996	-5,662	1,542
1997	-6,018	1,564
1998	-7,208	1,576
1999	-6,117	1,590
2000	-5,309	1,592
2001	-5,830	1,596
2002	-5,380	1,594
2003	-5,072	1,600
2004	-3,679	1,595
2005	-2,981	1,586
2006	-2,559	1,556
2007	-1,608	1,507
2008	-668	1,443
2009	-400	1,365
2010	0	1,273
2011	-531	1,185
2012	-1,455	1,097
2013	-1,713	1,014
2014	-1,972	959
2015	-1,315	912
2016	-1,316	866
2017	-1,713	826
2018	-1,322	785
2019	-1,327	746
2020	-2,659	689
2021	-5,324	653
2022	-5,665	606
2023	-5,070	550

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Marshall Islands

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 155 deaths in the Marshall Islands.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Marshall Islands
1985	56	254
1986	46	274
1987	42	282
1988	43	276
1989	48	299
1990	44	311
1991	42	297
1992	40	322
1993	46	320
1994	60	303
1995	45	303
1996	36	292
1997	31	274
1998	32	259
1999	28	250
2000	27	251
2001	25	231
2002	22	223
2003	18	221
2004	15	238
2005	15	234
2006	13	233
2007	13	229
2008	11	226
2009	10	224
2010	8	212
2011	9	209
2012	8	207
2013	6	201
2014	7	199
2015	6	184
2016	7	183
2017	5	179
2018	5	167
2019	6	168
2020	6	178
2021	8	206
2022	7	174
2023	5	155

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 2.82% in the Marshall Islands. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Estonia	Marshall Islands
1960	-	12.2%
1961	-	11.6%
1962	-	11%
1963	-	10.5%
1964	-	10.1%
1965	-	9.64%
1966	-	9.25%
1967	-	8.88%
1968	-	8.53%
1969	-	8.19%
1970	-	7.87%
1971	-	7.58%
1972	-	7.33%
1973	-	7.13%
1974	-	6.97%
1975	-	6.86%
1976	-	6.77%
1977	-	6.69%
1978	-	6.61%
1979	-	6.52%
1980	2.24%	6.42%
1981	2.16%	6.29%
1982	2.09%	6.15%
1983	2.02%	6%
1984	1.96%	5.83%
1985	1.91%	5.66%
1986	1.86%	5.49%
1987	1.83%	5.31%
1988	1.81%	5.13%
1989	1.79%	4.95%
1990	1.77%	4.76%
1991	1.75%	4.59%
1992	1.73%	4.43%
1993	1.69%	4.29%
1994	1.64%	4.2%
1995	1.57%	4.15%
1996	1.48%	4.14%
1997	1.39%	4.15%
1998	1.29%	4.19%
1999	1.2%	4.23%
2000	1.1%	4.25%
2001	1.01%	4.25%
2002	0.93%	4.24%
2003	0.85%	4.21%
2004	0.78%	4.18%
2005	0.71%	4.14%
2006	0.65%	4.1%
2007	0.59%	4.06%
2008	0.54%	4.02%
2009	0.5%	3.97%
2010	0.46%	3.94%
2011	0.42%	3.89%
2012	0.39%	3.82%
2013	0.36%	3.75%
2014	0.34%	3.66%
2015	0.32%	3.57%
2016	0.3%	3.48%
2017	0.28%	3.38%
2018	0.27%	3.29%
2019	0.25%	3.19%
2020	0.24%	3.1%
2021	0.23%	3%
2022	0.22%	2.91%
2023	0.21%	2.82%