Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Sweden

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Sweden by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Sweden

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Sweden
2023	1.31	1.45
2022	1.41	1.53
2021	1.61	1.67
2020	1.58	1.67
2019	1.66	1.71
2018	1.67	1.76
2017	1.59	1.78
2016	1.6	1.85
2015	1.58	1.85
2014	1.54	1.88
2013	1.52	1.89
2012	1.56	1.91
2011	1.61	1.9
2010	1.72	1.98
2009	1.7	1.94
2008	1.72	1.91
2007	1.69	1.88
2006	1.58	1.85
2005	1.52	1.77
2004	1.47	1.75
2003	1.37	1.71
2002	1.36	1.65
2001	1.32	1.57
2000	1.36	1.54
1999	1.3	1.5
1998	1.28	1.5
1997	1.32	1.52
1996	1.37	1.6
1995	1.38	1.73
1994	1.42	1.88
1993	1.49	1.99
1992	1.71	2.09
1991	1.8	2.11
1990	2.05	2.13
1989	2.22	2.01
1988	2.27	1.96
1987	2.27	1.84
1986	2.18	1.8
1985	2.13	1.74
1984	2.17	1.66
1983	2.16	1.61
1982	2.07	1.62
1981	2.07	1.63
1980	2.02	1.68
1979	2	1.66
1978	2.02	1.6
1977	2.06	1.64
1976	2.07	1.68
1975	2.04	1.77
1974	2.07	1.87
1973	2.06	1.87
1972	2.13	1.91
1971	2.19	1.96
1970	2.17	1.92
1969	2.13	1.93
1968	2.03	2.07
1967	1.9	2.28
1966	1.87	2.37
1965	1.88	2.39
1964	1.94	2.47
1963	1.89	2.33
1962	1.95	2.25
1961	1.98	2.21
1960	1.98	2.17

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.45 in Sweden in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Sweden population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Sweden

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Sweden
2023	-5,070	5,269
2022	-5,665	10,487
2021	-5,324	22,914
2020	-2,659	14,495
2019	-1,327	25,697
2018	-1,322	23,403
2017	-1,713	24,138
2016	-1,316	25,800
2015	-1,315	23,518
2014	-1,972	26,179
2013	-1,713	23,041
2012	-1,455	20,943
2011	-531	21,733
2010	0	25,320
2009	-400	21,387
2008	-668	18,439
2007	-1,608	15,552
2006	-2,559	15,436
2005	-2,981	9,030
2004	-3,679	9,893
2003	-5,072	6,271
2002	-5,380	893
2001	-5,830	-1,779
2000	-5,309	-2,662
1999	-6,117	-6,201
1998	-7,208	-3,541
1997	-6,018	-3,539
1996	-5,662	1,768
1995	-7,327	9,710
1994	-8,044	20,196
1993	-5,976	20,924
1992	-1,993	28,605
1991	-312	29,299
1990	2,825	29,100
1989	5,803	24,629
1988	6,404	15,186
1987	6,829	11,757
1986	6,160	9,206
1985	4,281	4,175
1984	5,163	3,335
1983	5,884	833
1982	5,244	1,665
1981	4,612	1,664
1980	3,989	5,818
1979	3,818	4,976
1978	4,088	4,138
1977	4,931	7,426
1976	4,319	8,222
1975	4,717	14,746
1974	5,956	23,664
1973	5,623	24,409
1972	6,267	28,428
1971	7,160	31,583
1970	6,257	30,563
1969	5,515	23,904
1968	5,592	30,858
1967	5,012	41,700
1966	4,842	45,286
1965	5,437	44,857
1964	6,897	45,968
1963	6,043	35,741
1962	6,457	30,246
1961	7,228	30,832
1960	7,511	27,693

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +0.05% in Sweden.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +0.2% in Sweden.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Sweden by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Sweden

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Sweden
2023	8	9.5
2022	8.6	10
2021	10	11
2020	9.9	10.9
2019	10.6	11.1
2018	10.9	11.4
2017	10.5	11.5
2016	10.7	11.8
2015	10.6	11.7
2014	10.3	11.9
2013	10.3	11.8
2012	10.6	11.9
2011	11.1	11.8
2010	11.9	12.3
2009	11.8	12
2008	12	11.9
2007	11.8	11.7
2006	11	11.7
2005	10.6	11.2
2004	10.3	11.2
2003	9.5	11.1
2002	9.4	10.7
2001	9.1	10.3
2000	9.4	10.2
1999	9	10
1998	8.8	10.1
1997	9	10.2
1996	9.4	10.8
1995	9.4	11.7
1994	9.7	12.8
1993	10.2	13.5
1992	11.8	14.2
1991	12.4	14.4
1990	14.2	14.5
1989	15.5	13.7
1988	16	13.3
1987	16.2	12.5
1986	15.7	12.2
1985	15.5	11.8
1984	16	11.3
1983	16	11
1982	15.4	11.1
1981	15.4	11.3
1980	15	11.7
1979	14.9	11.6
1978	15	11.3
1977	15.2	11.6
1976	15.1	12
1975	14.9	12.6
1974	15.1	13.5
1973	15.1	13.5
1972	15.6	13.8
1971	16.1	14.1
1970	15.8	13.7
1969	15.4	13.5
1968	14.9	14.3
1967	14.2	15.4
1966	14.2	15.8
1965	14.6	15.9
1964	15.4	16
1963	15.3	14.8
1962	16.1	14.2
1961	16.5	13.9
1960	16.7	13.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 9.5 in Sweden, compared with 16.7 and 13.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Sweden

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Sweden
2100	11.7%	13%
2099	11.7%	13%
2098	11.8%	13.1%
2097	11.9%	13.1%
2096	11.9%	13.2%
2095	12%	13.2%
2094	12.1%	13.3%
2093	12.2%	13.3%
2092	12.3%	13.4%
2091	12.4%	13.4%
2090	12.4%	13.5%
2089	12.5%	13.5%
2088	12.5%	13.5%
2087	12.6%	13.5%
2086	12.6%	13.6%
2085	12.6%	13.6%
2084	12.5%	13.5%
2083	12.5%	13.5%
2082	12.4%	13.5%
2081	12.3%	13.4%
2080	12.3%	13.4%
2079	12.2%	13.3%
2078	12.1%	13.3%
2077	12%	13.2%
2076	11.9%	13.2%
2075	11.8%	13.2%
2074	11.7%	13.1%
2073	11.7%	13.1%
2072	11.6%	13.1%
2071	11.6%	13.1%
2070	11.6%	13.1%
2069	11.6%	13.1%
2068	11.7%	13.2%
2067	11.7%	13.2%
2066	11.8%	13.3%
2065	11.9%	13.4%
2064	12.1%	13.5%
2063	12.2%	13.6%
2062	12.4%	13.7%
2061	12.5%	13.8%
2060	12.7%	13.9%
2059	12.8%	14.1%
2058	12.9%	14.2%
2057	13%	14.2%
2056	13.1%	14.3%
2055	13.2%	14.4%
2054	13.2%	14.4%
2053	13.2%	14.4%
2052	13.2%	14.4%
2051	13.1%	14.4%
2050	13%	14.4%
2049	12.9%	14.3%
2048	12.8%	14.3%
2047	12.7%	14.2%
2046	12.5%	14.1%
2045	12.4%	14%
2044	12.3%	14%
2043	12.1%	13.9%
2042	12%	13.8%
2041	11.9%	13.8%
2040	11.9%	13.8%
2039	11.8%	13.8%
2038	11.8%	13.8%
2037	11.9%	13.8%
2036	12.1%	14%
2035	12.3%	14.2%
2034	12.6%	14.4%
2033	12.9%	14.7%
2032	13.2%	14.9%
2031	13.6%	15.2%
2030	13.9%	15.5%
2029	14.2%	15.8%
2028	14.4%	16%
2027	14.7%	16.3%
2026	15%	16.6%
2025	15.5%	16.9%
2024	15.6%	17%
2023	16%	17.2%
2022	16.2%	17.5%
2021	16.4%	17.7%
2020	16.4%	17.7%
2019	16.4%	17.8%
2018	16.4%	17.8%
2017	16.3%	17.7%
2016	16.2%	17.5%
2015	16%	17.3%
2014	15.9%	17.2%
2013	15.7%	17%
2012	15.6%	16.8%
2011	15.4%	16.7%
2010	15.2%	16.6%
2009	15%	16.6%
2008	14.9%	16.7%
2007	14.9%	16.9%
2006	15%	17.1%
2005	15.2%	17.4%
2004	15.6%	17.7%
2003	16.1%	17.9%
2002	16.6%	18.1%
2001	17.2%	18.3%
2000	17.6%	18.4%
1999	18.4%	18.6%
1998	19.2%	18.7%
1997	19.8%	18.7%
1996	20.3%	18.8%
1995	20.7%	18.9%
1994	21.1%	18.8%
1993	21.4%	18.6%
1992	21.8%	18.4%
1991	22.1%	18.1%
1990	22.3%	17.9%
1989	22.3%	17.8%
1988	22.2%	17.8%
1987	22.2%	17.9%
1986	22.1%	18%
1985	22.1%	18.2%
1984	22.1%	18.3%
1983	22%	18.6%
1982	21.9%	18.9%
1981	21.8%	19.2%
1980	21.7%	19.6%
1979	21.6%	19.9%
1978	21.5%	20.3%
1977	21.5%	20.5%
1976	21.6%	20.6%
1975	21.6%	20.7%
1974	21.8%	20.7%
1973	21.9%	20.7%
1972	22%	20.8%
1971	22%	20.8%
1970	22.1%	20.8%
1969	22.1%	20.9%
1968	22.2%	20.9%
1967	22.3%	21%
1966	22.6%	20.9%
1965	22.8%	20.9%
1964	23%	21%
1963	23.2%	21.2%
1962	23.3%	21.5%
1961	23.3%	22%
1960	23.1%	22.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 17% in Sweden in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 17.9% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Sweden compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Sweden

Chart Table

Estonia

Sweden

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Sweden
2023	5	4
2022	7	5
2021	8	5
2020	6	5
2019	6	4
2018	5	5
2017	5	5
2016	7	5
2015	6	5
2014	7	5
2013	6	5
2012	8	5
2011	9	5
2010	8	5
2009	10	5
2008	11	5
2007	13	5
2006	13	5
2005	15	5
2004	15	5
2003	18	5
2002	22	5
2001	25	5
2000	27	5
1999	28	6
1998	32	6
1997	31	6
1996	36	6
1995	45	7
1994	60	7
1993	46	8
1992	40	8
1991	42	8
1990	44	8
1989	48	9
1988	43	9
1987	42	8
1986	46	8
1985	56	8

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 4 deaths in Sweden.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Sweden

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Sweden
2023	0.21%	0.25%
2022	0.22%	0.25%
2021	0.23%	0.25%
2020	0.24%	0.26%
2019	0.25%	0.26%
2018	0.27%	0.27%
2017	0.28%	0.28%
2016	0.3%	0.28%
2015	0.32%	0.29%
2014	0.34%	0.29%
2013	0.36%	0.29%
2012	0.39%	0.3%
2011	0.42%	0.3%
2010	0.46%	0.31%
2009	0.5%	0.31%
2008	0.54%	0.32%
2007	0.59%	0.33%
2006	0.65%	0.35%
2005	0.71%	0.36%
2004	0.78%	0.37%
2003	0.85%	0.39%
2002	0.93%	0.4%
2001	1.01%	0.4%
2000	1.1%	0.41%
1999	1.2%	0.41%
1998	1.29%	0.42%
1997	1.39%	0.44%
1996	1.48%	0.46%
1995	1.57%	0.48%
1994	1.64%	0.52%
1993	1.69%	0.57%
1992	1.73%	0.62%
1991	1.75%	0.66%
1990	1.77%	0.7%
1989	1.79%	0.72%
1988	1.81%	0.73%
1987	1.83%	0.74%
1986	1.86%	0.75%
1985	1.91%	0.76%
1984	1.96%	0.77%
1983	2.02%	0.78%
1982	2.09%	0.8%
1981	2.16%	0.82%
1980	2.24%	0.84%
1979	-	0.87%
1978	-	0.9%
1977	-	0.94%
1976	-	0.98%
1975	-	1.03%
1974	-	1.09%
1973	-	1.16%
1972	-	1.23%
1971	-	1.29%
1970	-	1.34%
1969	-	1.39%
1968	-	1.44%
1967	-	1.49%
1966	-	1.56%
1965	-	1.63%
1964	-	1.71%
1963	-	1.79%
1962	-	1.86%
1961	-	1.92%
1960	-	1.96%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 0.25% in Sweden. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.