Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Rwanda

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Rwanda by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Rwanda

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Rwanda
2023	1.31	3.7
2022	1.41	3.78
2021	1.61	3.84
2020	1.58	3.91
2019	1.66	3.99
2018	1.67	4.05
2017	1.59	4.08
2016	1.6	4.11
2015	1.58	4.11
2014	1.54	4.12
2013	1.52	4.14
2012	1.56	4.2
2011	1.61	4.33
2010	1.72	4.52
2009	1.7	4.71
2008	1.72	4.92
2007	1.69	5.14
2006	1.58	5.34
2005	1.52	5.5
2004	1.47	5.64
2003	1.37	5.74
2002	1.36	5.82
2001	1.32	5.89
2000	1.36	5.97
1999	1.3	6.06
1998	1.28	6.17
1997	1.32	6.24
1996	1.37	6.29
1995	1.38	6.35
1994	1.42	6.42
1993	1.49	6.48
1992	1.71	6.54
1991	1.8	6.62
1990	2.05	6.8
1989	2.22	7.03
1988	2.27	7.23
1987	2.27	7.43
1986	2.18	7.61
1985	2.13	7.79
1984	2.17	7.91
1983	2.16	8
1982	2.07	8.06
1981	2.07	8.1
1980	2.02	8.12
1979	2	8.13
1978	2.02	8.16
1977	2.06	8.14
1976	2.07	8.12
1975	2.04	8.1
1974	2.07	8.1
1973	2.06	8.09
1972	2.13	8.09
1971	2.19	8.09
1970	2.17	8.15
1969	2.13	8.18
1968	2.03	8.19
1967	1.9	8.21
1966	1.87	8.23
1965	1.88	8.25
1964	1.94	8.27
1963	1.89	8.27
1962	1.95	8.27
1961	1.98	8.28
1960	1.98	8.28

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.7 in Rwanda in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Rwanda population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Rwanda

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Rwanda
2023	-5,070	312,762
2022	-5,665	312,145
2021	-5,324	309,895
2020	-2,659	312,692
2019	-1,327	313,525
2018	-1,322	312,512
2017	-1,713	310,323
2016	-1,316	305,549
2015	-1,315	299,114
2014	-1,972	292,779
2013	-1,713	286,331
2012	-1,455	282,584
2011	-531	282,922
2010	0	286,848
2009	-400	287,034
2008	-668	287,334
2007	-1,608	285,791
2006	-2,559	282,149
2005	-2,981	275,121
2004	-3,679	265,273
2003	-5,072	251,243
2002	-5,380	239,036
2001	-5,830	230,845
2000	-5,309	221,276
1999	-6,117	210,518
1998	-7,208	197,185
1997	-6,018	174,687
1996	-5,662	140,455
1995	-7,327	121,137
1994	-8,044	-719,479
1993	-5,976	183,926
1992	-1,993	188,025
1991	-312	196,431
1990	2,825	207,895
1989	5,803	217,632
1988	6,404	223,759
1987	6,829	225,744
1986	6,160	225,526
1985	4,281	223,794
1984	5,163	219,337
1983	5,884	212,750
1982	5,244	205,147
1981	4,612	195,769
1980	3,989	184,988
1979	3,818	174,477
1978	4,088	163,779
1977	4,931	155,011
1976	4,319	147,665
1975	4,717	140,596
1974	5,956	135,743
1973	5,623	131,021
1972	6,267	126,403
1971	7,160	122,567
1970	6,257	119,273
1969	5,515	115,394
1968	5,592	111,422
1967	5,012	108,053
1966	4,842	105,128
1965	5,437	103,422
1964	6,897	102,562
1963	6,043	94,296
1962	6,457	102,548
1961	7,228	102,051
1960	7,511	100,627

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +2.24% in Rwanda.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +2.45% in Rwanda.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Rwanda by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Rwanda

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Rwanda
2023	8	28.3
2022	8.6	28.9
2021	10	29.4
2020	9.9	30
2019	10.6	30.7
2018	10.9	31.2
2017	10.5	31.7
2016	10.7	32
2015	10.6	32.1
2014	10.3	32.2
2013	10.3	32.4
2012	10.6	32.9
2011	11.1	33.8
2010	11.9	35.1
2009	11.8	36.3
2008	12	37.6
2007	11.8	38.8
2006	11	39.9
2005	10.6	40.6
2004	10.3	41.1
2003	9.5	41.4
2002	9.4	41.8
2001	9.1	42.1
2000	9.4	42.1
1999	9	42.1
1998	8.8	42.2
1997	9	40.5
1996	9.4	37.2
1995	9.4	39.5
1994	9.7	48
1993	10.2	41.5
1992	11.8	42.2
1991	12.4	42.8
1990	14.2	44.1
1989	15.5	45.3
1988	16	46.6
1987	16.2	47.8
1986	15.7	49
1985	15.5	50.2
1984	16	51.1
1983	16	51.8
1982	15.4	52.4
1981	15.4	52.7
1980	15	52.7
1979	14.9	52.5
1978	15	52.1
1977	15.2	51.6
1976	15.1	51.1
1975	14.9	50.4
1974	15.1	50
1973	15.1	49.4
1972	15.6	48.9
1971	16.1	48.5
1970	15.8	48.2
1969	15.4	47.9
1968	14.9	47.6
1967	14.2	47.4
1966	14.2	47.6
1965	14.6	48
1964	15.4	48.8
1963	15.3	49.8
1962	16.1	50.9
1961	16.5	52
1960	16.7	52.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 28.3 in Rwanda, compared with 16.7 and 52.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Rwanda

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Rwanda
2100	11.7%	18.7%
2099	11.7%	18.9%
2098	11.8%	19%
2097	11.9%	19.1%
2096	11.9%	19.3%
2095	12%	19.4%
2094	12.1%	19.6%
2093	12.2%	19.7%
2092	12.3%	19.9%
2091	12.4%	20%
2090	12.4%	20.2%
2089	12.5%	20.4%
2088	12.5%	20.5%
2087	12.6%	20.7%
2086	12.6%	20.9%
2085	12.6%	21.1%
2084	12.5%	21.3%
2083	12.5%	21.5%
2082	12.4%	21.7%
2081	12.3%	21.9%
2080	12.3%	22.1%
2079	12.2%	22.2%
2078	12.1%	22.4%
2077	12%	22.6%
2076	11.9%	22.8%
2075	11.8%	23%
2074	11.7%	23.2%
2073	11.7%	23.4%
2072	11.6%	23.6%
2071	11.6%	23.8%
2070	11.6%	24%
2069	11.6%	24.2%
2068	11.7%	24.4%
2067	11.7%	24.6%
2066	11.8%	24.9%
2065	11.9%	25.1%
2064	12.1%	25.3%
2063	12.2%	25.6%
2062	12.4%	25.8%
2061	12.5%	26.1%
2060	12.7%	26.4%
2059	12.8%	26.7%
2058	12.9%	27%
2057	13%	27.3%
2056	13.1%	27.6%
2055	13.2%	27.9%
2054	13.2%	28.3%
2053	13.2%	28.6%
2052	13.2%	28.9%
2051	13.1%	29.2%
2050	13%	29.5%
2049	12.9%	29.8%
2048	12.8%	30.1%
2047	12.7%	30.4%
2046	12.5%	30.7%
2045	12.4%	31%
2044	12.3%	31.2%
2043	12.1%	31.5%
2042	12%	31.8%
2041	11.9%	32.1%
2040	11.9%	32.4%
2039	11.8%	32.7%
2038	11.8%	33%
2037	11.9%	33.3%
2036	12.1%	33.6%
2035	12.3%	33.9%
2034	12.6%	34.2%
2033	12.9%	34.6%
2032	13.2%	34.9%
2031	13.6%	35.2%
2030	13.9%	35.6%
2029	14.2%	35.9%
2028	14.4%	36.2%
2027	14.7%	36.5%
2026	15%	36.9%
2025	15.5%	37.2%
2024	15.6%	37.4%
2023	16%	37.7%
2022	16.2%	38.2%
2021	16.4%	38.6%
2020	16.4%	39.2%
2019	16.4%	39.7%
2018	16.4%	40.1%
2017	16.3%	40.5%
2016	16.2%	40.9%
2015	16%	41.1%
2014	15.9%	41.4%
2013	15.7%	41.7%
2012	15.6%	41.9%
2011	15.4%	42.2%
2010	15.2%	42.4%
2009	15%	42.6%
2008	14.9%	42.8%
2007	14.9%	42.9%
2006	15%	42.9%
2005	15.2%	43.1%
2004	15.6%	43.3%
2003	16.1%	43.7%
2002	16.6%	44.3%
2001	17.2%	45.2%
2000	17.6%	46.4%
1999	18.4%	47.8%
1998	19.2%	49.2%
1997	19.8%	50.5%
1996	20.3%	51.4%
1995	20.7%	52.4%
1994	21.1%	50.1%
1993	21.4%	48.4%
1992	21.8%	48.7%
1991	22.1%	48.9%
1990	22.3%	49%
1989	22.3%	48.9%
1988	22.2%	48.9%
1987	22.2%	48.8%
1986	22.1%	48.6%
1985	22.1%	48.3%
1984	22.1%	48.1%
1983	22%	47.7%
1982	21.9%	47.4%
1981	21.8%	47.1%
1980	21.7%	46.8%
1979	21.6%	46.5%
1978	21.5%	46.4%
1977	21.5%	46.4%
1976	21.6%	46.4%
1975	21.6%	46.6%
1974	21.8%	46.9%
1973	21.9%	47.2%
1972	22%	47.5%
1971	22%	47.9%
1970	22.1%	48.2%
1969	22.1%	48.7%
1968	22.2%	49.2%
1967	22.3%	49.7%
1966	22.6%	50.2%
1965	22.8%	50.6%
1964	23%	50.8%
1963	23.2%	50.6%
1962	23.3%	50.2%
1961	23.3%	49.7%
1960	23.1%	49.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 37.4% in Rwanda in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 49% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Rwanda compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Rwanda

Chart Table

Estonia

Rwanda

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Rwanda
2023	5	229
2022	7	234
2021	8	254
2020	6	252
2019	6	261
2018	5	269
2017	5	275
2016	7	278
2015	6	292
2014	7	301
2013	6	317
2012	8	331
2011	9	358
2010	8	393
2009	10	418
2008	11	454
2007	13	494
2006	13	494
2005	15	465
2004	15	460
2003	18	551
2002	22	677
2001	25	769
2000	27	885
1999	28	1,073
1998	32	1,268
1997	31	1,318
1996	36	1,295
1995	45	1,505
1994	60	5,721
1993	46	1,619
1992	40	1,530
1991	42	1,386
1990	44	1,309
1989	48	1,238
1988	43	1,188
1987	42	1,145
1986	46	1,126
1985	56	1,116

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 229 deaths in Rwanda.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Rwanda

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Rwanda
2023	0.21%	4%
2022	0.22%	4.08%
2021	0.23%	4.16%
2020	0.24%	4.25%
2019	0.25%	4.34%
2018	0.27%	4.43%
2017	0.28%	4.52%
2016	0.3%	4.63%
2015	0.32%	4.78%
2014	0.34%	4.96%
2013	0.36%	5.17%
2012	0.39%	5.45%
2011	0.42%	5.81%
2010	0.46%	6.33%
2009	0.5%	6.92%
2008	0.54%	7.62%
2007	0.59%	8.45%
2006	0.65%	9.37%
2005	0.71%	10.5%
2004	0.78%	11.8%
2003	0.85%	13.3%
2002	0.93%	14.9%
2001	1.01%	16.7%
2000	1.1%	18.5%
1999	1.2%	20.2%
1998	1.29%	21.5%
1997	1.39%	22.2%
1996	1.48%	22.2%
1995	1.57%	21.8%
1994	1.64%	38.9%
1993	1.69%	19.3%
1992	1.73%	17.5%
1991	1.75%	16%
1990	1.77%	15.1%
1989	1.79%	14.8%
1988	1.81%	14.8%
1987	1.83%	15.2%
1986	1.86%	15.6%
1985	1.91%	16.1%
1984	1.96%	16.6%
1983	2.02%	17.4%
1982	2.09%	18.6%
1981	2.16%	20.1%
1980	2.24%	21.8%
1979	-	23.4%
1978	-	24.6%
1977	-	25.1%
1976	-	25.1%
1975	-	24.6%
1974	-	24%
1973	-	23.4%
1972	-	23%
1971	-	22.6%
1970	-	22.3%
1969	-	22%
1968	-	21.7%
1967	-	21.4%
1966	-	21.2%
1965	-	21.1%
1964	-	21.1%
1963	-	21.3%
1962	-	21.5%
1961	-	21.9%
1960	-	22.4%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 4% in Rwanda. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.