Fertility & birth rates in Japan and Mongolia

Fertility rate in Japan vs Mongolia chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Japan was 1.2 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.7 in Mongolia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Japan vs Mongolia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Japan	Mongolia
1960	2	6.82
1961	1.96	6.96
1962	1.98	7.1
1963	2	7.24
1964	2.05	7.33
1965	2.14	7.38
1966	1.58	7.41
1967	2.23	7.39
1968	2.13	7.37
1969	2.13	7.34
1970	2.13	7.31
1971	2.16	7.3
1972	2.14	7.28
1973	2.14	7.24
1974	2.05	7.17
1975	1.91	7.07
1976	1.85	6.93
1977	1.8	6.79
1978	1.79	6.62
1979	1.77	6.42
1980	1.75	6.21
1981	1.74	5.98
1982	1.77	5.8
1983	1.8	5.63
1984	1.81	5.45
1985	1.76	5.26
1986	1.72	5.03
1987	1.69	4.83
1988	1.66	4.65
1989	1.57	4.42
1990	1.54	4.5
1991	1.53	4
1992	1.5	3.5
1993	1.46	2.5
1994	1.5	2.7
1995	1.42	2.77
1996	1.43	2.5
1997	1.39	2.4
1998	1.38	2.3
1999	1.34	2.3
2000	1.36	2.2
2001	1.33	2.2
2002	1.32	2.1
2003	1.29	2
2004	1.29	2
2005	1.26	2
2006	1.32	2.1
2007	1.34	2.3
2008	1.37	2.6
2009	1.37	2.8
2010	1.39	2.4
2011	1.39	2.6
2012	1.41	2.7
2013	1.43	3
2014	1.42	3.1
2015	1.45	3
2016	1.44	3
2017	1.43	2.8
2018	1.42	2.9
2019	1.36	3
2020	1.33	2.9
2021	1.3	2.8
2022	1.26	2.7
2023	1.2	2.7
2024	1.21	2.65
2025	1.22	2.6
2026	1.22	2.55
2027	1.23	2.51
2028	1.24	2.47
2029	1.25	2.44
2030	1.25	2.4
2031	1.26	2.37
2032	1.26	2.34
2033	1.27	2.31
2034	1.28	2.29
2035	1.28	2.26
2036	1.29	2.23
2037	1.29	2.21
2038	1.3	2.19
2039	1.3	2.17
2040	1.3	2.15
2041	1.31	2.13
2042	1.31	2.11
2043	1.31	2.09
2044	1.32	2.08
2045	1.32	2.06
2046	1.33	2.05
2047	1.33	2.04
2048	1.33	2.02
2049	1.34	2.01
2050	1.34	2

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Japan	Mongolia
1960	29.8%	38.1%
1961	29.1%	38.8%
1962	28%	39.6%
1963	26.8%	40.4%
1964	25.8%	41.4%
1965	25.1%	42.4%
1966	24.4%	43.3%
1967	23.8%	44.2%
1968	23.5%	44.9%
1969	23.4%	45.4%
1970	23.3%	45.6%
1971	23.3%	45.8%
1972	23.4%	45.8%
1973	23.6%	45.8%
1974	23.8%	45.6%
1975	23.8%	45.4%
1976	23.9%	45.2%
1977	23.9%	44.8%
1978	23.8%	44.5%
1979	23.7%	44.1%
1980	23.4%	43.7%
1981	23.3%	43.3%
1982	23.1%	43%
1983	22.6%	42.7%
1984	22.2%	42.5%
1985	21.7%	42.3%
1986	21%	42.1%
1987	20.3%	42%
1988	19.5%	41.8%
1989	18.8%	41.7%
1990	18%	41.4%
1991	17.4%	41%
1992	16.9%	40.5%
1993	16.4%	40%
1994	16%	39.5%
1995	15.6%	39%
1996	15.3%	38.4%
1997	15.1%	37.8%
1998	14.8%	37%
1999	14.6%	36.2%
2000	14.4%	35.2%
2001	14.2%	34.1%
2002	14.1%	32.9%
2003	13.9%	31.8%
2004	13.8%	30.8%
2005	13.8%	29.9%
2006	13.7%	29.1%
2007	13.6%	28.5%
2008	13.5%	28.1%
2009	13.5%	27.9%
2010	13.4%	27.9%
2011	13.3%	28%
2012	13.2%	28.1%
2013	13.1%	28.5%
2014	13%	28.9%
2015	12.8%	29.5%
2016	12.7%	30.2%
2017	12.6%	30.9%
2018	12.5%	31.6%
2019	12.4%	32.3%
2020	12.2%	32.8%
2021	12%	32.9%
2022	11.9%	32.9%
2023	11.6%	32.6%
2024	11.4%	32.2%
2025	11.2%	31.6%
2026	11%	30.9%
2027	10.9%	30.1%
2028	10.7%	29.2%
2029	10.5%	28.2%
2030	10.4%	27.3%
2031	10.3%	26.3%
2032	10.2%	25.6%
2033	10.1%	24.9%
2034	10.1%	24.3%
2035	10.1%	23.8%
2036	10.1%	23.4%
2037	10.1%	23.1%
2038	10.2%	23%
2039	10.3%	22.9%
2040	10.4%	22.8%
2041	10.5%	22.9%
2042	10.6%	22.9%
2043	10.7%	23%
2044	10.8%	23.1%
2045	10.9%	23.2%
2046	11%	23.3%
2047	11.1%	23.4%
2048	11.2%	23.4%
2049	11.2%	23.4%
2050	11.2%	23.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 11.4% of the population in Japan and 32.2% in Mongolia in 2024, compared to 18% and 41.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Japan and Mongolia compared.

Natural population change in Japan vs Mongolia by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.41% in Japan and +1.81% in Mongolia. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Japan	Mongolia
1960	894,874	20,726
1961	893,522	21,873
1962	901,864	22,960
1963	987,770	24,142
1964	1,046,553	25,317
1965	1,126,448	26,364
1966	682,072	27,338
1967	1,258,475	28,178
1968	1,191,930	29,017
1969	1,195,962	29,781
1970	1,230,496	30,558
1971	1,331,782	31,536
1972	1,372,006	32,727
1973	1,391,449	33,993
1974	1,332,960	35,297
1975	1,204,989	36,490
1976	1,127,750	37,670
1977	1,070,397	38,995
1978	1,011,234	40,276
1979	950,298	41,568
1980	864,372	42,343
1981	811,861	43,588
1982	805,664	45,179
1983	775,495	46,919
1984	756,523	48,562
1985	676,687	49,944
1986	631,706	50,329
1987	598,138	51,140
1988	527,085	51,588
1989	467,662	51,420
1990	407,478	49,443
1991	396,685	47,884
1992	360,833	42,437
1993	312,073	36,924
1994	363,017	34,711
1995	276,039	34,473
1996	314,392	33,741
1997	277,325	32,403
1998	265,440	31,757
1999	202,610	32,283
2000	228,317	32,753
2001	203,438	32,052
2002	178,423	30,439
2003	114,946	28,827
2004	76,656	28,418
2005	-25,554	29,290
2006	12,785	33,609
2007	-25,600	39,636
2008	-51,225	45,843
2009	-76,828	48,876
2010	-128,070	44,914
2011	-204,533	50,711
2012	-229,733	55,942
2013	-242,146	62,618
2014	-267,279	66,078
2015	-292,424	64,473
2016	-343,106	62,086
2017	-406,310	57,940
2018	-456,520	60,635
2019	-531,858	61,433
2020	-542,923	60,888
2021	-640,976	52,109
2022	-825,825	47,730
2023	-871,617	46,995

Maternal mortality chart: Japan vs Mongolia

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 3 deaths per 100,000 live births in Japan, compared to 41 deaths in Mongolia.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Japan	Mongolia
1985	19	352
1986	18	346
1987	17	341
1988	16	335
1989	15	311
1990	14	276
1991	13	227
1992	13	199
1993	12	181
1994	11	178
1995	11	176
1996	11	178
1997	10	180
1998	10	174
1999	9	162
2000	9	144
2001	8	130
2002	8	120
2003	8	114
2004	7	108
2005	7	99
2006	7	90
2007	6	81
2008	6	77
2009	6	75
2010	6	71
2011	6	67
2012	6	63
2013	5	59
2014	5	56
2015	5	52
2016	5	48
2017	5	45
2018	5	45
2019	5	45
2020	4	47
2021	4	63
2022	5	41
2023	3	41

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.24% in Japan and 1.36% in Mongolia. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Japan	Mongolia
1960	3.97%	-
1961	3.62%	-
1962	3.29%	-
1963	2.98%	-
1964	2.7%	-
1965	2.46%	-
1966	2.26%	-
1967	2.1%	-
1968	1.96%	-
1969	1.85%	-
1970	1.75%	-
1971	1.65%	-
1972	1.57%	-
1973	1.49%	-
1974	1.41%	-
1975	1.33%	-
1976	1.25%	-
1977	1.18%	-
1978	1.11%	17.3%
1979	1.05%	16.7%
1980	0.99%	16.1%
1981	0.93%	15.5%
1982	0.88%	15%
1983	0.83%	14.4%
1984	0.79%	13.9%
1985	0.75%	13.4%
1986	0.71%	12.8%
1987	0.68%	12.2%
1988	0.66%	11.7%
1989	0.64%	11.1%
1990	0.63%	10.7%
1991	0.62%	10.2%
1992	0.61%	9.78%
1993	0.6%	9.39%
1994	0.59%	9%
1995	0.57%	8.6%
1996	0.55%	8.19%
1997	0.52%	7.74%
1998	0.5%	7.27%
1999	0.47%	6.78%
2000	0.45%	6.29%
2001	0.43%	5.8%
2002	0.41%	5.32%
2003	0.4%	4.87%
2004	0.39%	4.45%
2005	0.37%	4.07%
2006	0.36%	3.71%
2007	0.35%	3.39%
2008	0.34%	3.11%
2009	0.34%	2.85%
2010	0.33%	2.63%
2011	0.33%	2.44%
2012	0.31%	2.28%
2013	0.3%	2.15%
2014	0.29%	2.04%
2015	0.28%	1.94%
2016	0.27%	1.84%
2017	0.26%	1.74%
2018	0.25%	1.64%
2019	0.25%	1.56%
2020	0.24%	1.48%
2021	0.24%	1.43%
2022	0.24%	1.39%
2023	0.24%	1.36%