Fertility & birth rates in Mongolia and Netherlands

Fertility rate in Mongolia vs Netherlands chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Mongolia was 2.7 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.43 in the Netherlands in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Mongolia vs the Netherlands population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Mongolia	Netherlands
1960	6.82	3.12
1961	6.96	3.22
1962	7.1	3.18
1963	7.24	3.19
1964	7.33	3.17
1965	7.38	3.04
1966	7.41	2.9
1967	7.39	2.81
1968	7.37	2.72
1969	7.34	2.75
1970	7.31	2.57
1971	7.3	2.36
1972	7.28	2.15
1973	7.24	1.9
1974	7.17	1.77
1975	7.07	1.66
1976	6.93	1.63
1977	6.79	1.58
1978	6.62	1.58
1979	6.42	1.56
1980	6.21	1.6
1981	5.98	1.56
1982	5.8	1.5
1983	5.63	1.47
1984	5.45	1.49
1985	5.26	1.51
1986	5.03	1.55
1987	4.83	1.56
1988	4.65	1.55
1989	4.42	1.55
1990	4.5	1.62
1991	4	1.61
1992	3.5	1.59
1993	2.5	1.57
1994	2.7	1.57
1995	2.77	1.53
1996	2.5	1.53
1997	2.4	1.56
1998	2.3	1.63
1999	2.3	1.65
2000	2.2	1.72
2001	2.2	1.71
2002	2.1	1.73
2003	2	1.75
2004	2	1.72
2005	2	1.71
2006	2.1	1.72
2007	2.3	1.72
2008	2.6	1.77
2009	2.8	1.79
2010	2.4	1.79
2011	2.6	1.76
2012	2.7	1.72
2013	3	1.68
2014	3.1	1.71
2015	3	1.66
2016	3	1.66
2017	2.8	1.62
2018	2.9	1.59
2019	3	1.57
2020	2.9	1.54
2021	2.8	1.62
2022	2.7	1.49
2023	2.7	1.43
2024	2.65	1.43
2025	2.6	1.44
2026	2.55	1.44
2027	2.51	1.45
2028	2.47	1.45
2029	2.44	1.45
2030	2.4	1.46
2031	2.37	1.46
2032	2.34	1.47
2033	2.31	1.47
2034	2.29	1.48
2035	2.26	1.48
2036	2.23	1.48
2037	2.21	1.48
2038	2.19	1.48
2039	2.17	1.49
2040	2.15	1.49
2041	2.13	1.49
2042	2.11	1.5
2043	2.09	1.5
2044	2.08	1.5
2045	2.06	1.5
2046	2.05	1.5
2047	2.04	1.51
2048	2.02	1.51
2049	2.01	1.51
2050	2	1.51

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Mongolia	Netherlands
1960	38.1%	30%
1961	38.8%	29.7%
1962	39.6%	29.1%
1963	40.4%	28.7%
1964	41.4%	28.5%
1965	42.4%	28.3%
1966	43.3%	28.1%
1967	44.2%	27.8%
1968	44.9%	27.6%
1969	45.4%	27.5%
1970	45.6%	27.3%
1971	45.8%	27.1%
1972	45.8%	26.8%
1973	45.8%	26.4%
1974	45.6%	25.9%
1975	45.4%	25.3%
1976	45.2%	24.8%
1977	44.8%	24.2%
1978	44.5%	23.5%
1979	44.1%	22.9%
1980	43.7%	22.3%
1981	43.3%	21.8%
1982	43%	21.3%
1983	42.7%	20.7%
1984	42.5%	20.1%
1985	42.3%	19.5%
1986	42.1%	19.1%
1987	42%	18.7%
1988	41.8%	18.5%
1989	41.7%	18.4%
1990	41.4%	18.4%
1991	41%	18.4%
1992	40.5%	18.5%
1993	40%	18.5%
1994	39.5%	18.6%
1995	39%	18.6%
1996	38.4%	18.6%
1997	37.8%	18.6%
1998	37%	18.6%
1999	36.2%	18.7%
2000	35.2%	18.8%
2001	34.1%	18.8%
2002	32.9%	18.8%
2003	31.8%	18.7%
2004	30.8%	18.6%
2005	29.9%	18.5%
2006	29.1%	18.3%
2007	28.5%	18.1%
2008	28.1%	17.9%
2009	27.9%	17.7%
2010	27.9%	17.6%
2011	28%	17.4%
2012	28.1%	17.3%
2013	28.5%	17.1%
2014	28.9%	16.9%
2015	29.5%	16.6%
2016	30.2%	16.4%
2017	30.9%	16.2%
2018	31.6%	16%
2019	32.3%	15.8%
2020	32.8%	15.6%
2021	32.9%	15.5%
2022	32.9%	15.4%
2023	32.6%	15.2%
2024	32.2%	15%
2025	31.6%	14.9%
2026	30.9%	14.9%
2027	30.1%	14.8%
2028	29.2%	14.8%
2029	28.2%	14.8%
2030	27.3%	14.8%
2031	26.3%	14.8%
2032	25.6%	14.7%
2033	24.9%	14.7%
2034	24.3%	14.7%
2035	23.8%	14.7%
2036	23.4%	14.7%
2037	23.1%	14.6%
2038	23%	14.6%
2039	22.9%	14.6%
2040	22.8%	14.5%
2041	22.9%	14.5%
2042	22.9%	14.4%
2043	23%	14.4%
2044	23.1%	14.3%
2045	23.2%	14.2%
2046	23.3%	14.1%
2047	23.4%	14.1%
2048	23.4%	14%
2049	23.4%	13.9%
2050	23.3%	13.8%

Children aged 0-14 make up 32.2% of the population in Mongolia and 15% in the Netherlands in 2024, compared to 41.4% and 18.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Mongolia and the Netherlands compared.

Natural population change in Mongolia vs Netherlands by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.81% in Mongolia and +0.08% in the Netherlands. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Mongolia	Netherlands
1960	20,726	151,623
1961	21,873	159,450
1962	22,960	153,474
1963	24,142	154,361
1964	25,317	157,653
1965	26,364	146,308
1966	27,338	138,265
1967	28,178	138,580
1968	29,017	132,389
1969	29,781	139,082
1970	30,558	129,082
1971	31,536	116,112
1972	32,727	101,297
1973	33,993	84,668
1974	35,297	75,853
1975	36,490	64,232
1976	37,670	63,361
1977	38,995	63,739
1978	40,276	61,344
1979	41,568	63,172
1980	42,343	66,504
1981	43,588	62,688
1982	45,179	54,388
1983	46,919	51,722
1984	48,562	54,812
1985	49,944	55,069
1986	50,329	59,746
1987	51,140	64,526
1988	51,588	61,993
1989	51,420	59,396
1990	49,443	68,777
1991	47,884	69,321
1992	42,437	66,811
1993	36,924	58,103
1994	34,711	61,532
1995	34,473	54,106
1996	33,741	51,251
1997	32,403	56,198
1998	31,757	61,258
1999	32,283	60,086
2000	32,753	66,887
2001	32,052	62,580
2002	30,439	59,751
2003	28,827	58,411
2004	28,418	56,987
2005	29,290	50,592
2006	33,609	49,038
2007	39,636	49,145
2008	45,843	49,337
2009	48,876	51,244
2010	44,914	48,184
2011	50,711	45,072
2012	55,942	35,186
2013	62,618	30,248
2014	66,078	35,417
2015	64,473	23,716
2016	62,086	23,843
2017	57,940	18,844
2018	60,635	15,508
2019	61,433	17,345
2020	60,888	0
2021	52,109	7,014
2022	47,730	-1,770
2023	46,995	-5,363

Maternal mortality chart: Mongolia vs Netherlands

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 41 deaths per 100,000 live births in Mongolia, compared to 4 deaths in the Netherlands.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Mongolia	Netherlands
1985	352	12
1986	346	12
1987	341	12
1988	335	12
1989	311	12
1990	276	12
1991	227	12
1992	199	12
1993	181	12
1994	178	12
1995	176	12
1996	178	12
1997	180	13
1998	174	12
1999	162	13
2000	144	13
2001	130	13
2002	120	13
2003	114	12
2004	108	11
2005	99	10
2006	90	9
2007	81	8
2008	77	8
2009	75	7
2010	71	6
2011	67	7
2012	63	6
2013	59	6
2014	56	5
2015	52	5
2016	48	5
2017	45	5
2018	45	5
2019	45	5
2020	47	4
2021	63	5
2022	41	4
2023	41	4

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.36% in Mongolia and 0.4% in the Netherlands. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Mongolia	Netherlands
1960	-	2.08%
1961	-	2.03%
1962	-	1.97%
1963	-	1.92%
1964	-	1.88%
1965	-	1.83%
1966	-	1.79%
1967	-	1.74%
1968	-	1.69%
1969	-	1.64%
1970	-	1.58%
1971	-	1.53%
1972	-	1.47%
1973	-	1.41%
1974	-	1.36%
1975	-	1.31%
1976	-	1.26%
1977	-	1.21%
1978	17.3%	1.16%
1979	16.7%	1.12%
1980	16.1%	1.09%
1981	15.5%	1.06%
1982	15%	1.04%
1983	14.4%	1.02%
1984	13.9%	0.99%
1985	13.4%	0.97%
1986	12.8%	0.95%
1987	12.2%	0.92%
1988	11.7%	0.89%
1989	11.1%	0.86%
1990	10.7%	0.83%
1991	10.2%	0.8%
1992	9.78%	0.77%
1993	9.39%	0.74%
1994	9%	0.71%
1995	8.6%	0.69%
1996	8.19%	0.67%
1997	7.74%	0.66%
1998	7.27%	0.64%
1999	6.78%	0.63%
2000	6.29%	0.62%
2001	5.8%	0.61%
2002	5.32%	0.59%
2003	4.87%	0.57%
2004	4.45%	0.55%
2005	4.07%	0.53%
2006	3.71%	0.51%
2007	3.39%	0.49%
2008	3.11%	0.47%
2009	2.85%	0.46%
2010	2.63%	0.44%
2011	2.44%	0.43%
2012	2.28%	0.42%
2013	2.15%	0.42%
2014	2.04%	0.41%
2015	1.94%	0.41%
2016	1.84%	0.41%
2017	1.74%	0.4%
2018	1.64%	0.4%
2019	1.56%	0.4%
2020	1.48%	0.4%
2021	1.43%	0.4%
2022	1.39%	0.4%
2023	1.36%	0.4%