Fertility & birth rates in India and Mongolia

Fertility rate in India vs Mongolia chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in India was 1.98 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.7 in Mongolia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check India vs Mongolia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	India	Mongolia
1960	5.92	6.82
1961	5.94	6.96
1962	5.95	7.1
1963	5.97	7.24
1964	5.98	7.33
1965	5.94	7.38
1966	5.88	7.41
1967	5.83	7.39
1968	5.76	7.37
1969	5.68	7.34
1970	5.62	7.31
1971	5.57	7.3
1972	5.48	7.28
1973	5.4	7.24
1974	5.33	7.17
1975	5.2	7.07
1976	5.13	6.93
1977	5.01	6.79
1978	4.89	6.62
1979	4.81	6.42
1980	4.78	6.21
1981	4.7	5.98
1982	4.62	5.8
1983	4.57	5.63
1984	4.52	5.45
1985	4.43	5.26
1986	4.4	5.03
1987	4.31	4.83
1988	4.22	4.65
1989	4.13	4.42
1990	4.05	4.5
1991	3.96	4
1992	3.88	3.5
1993	3.8	2.5
1994	3.72	2.7
1995	3.65	2.77
1996	3.58	2.5
1997	3.51	2.4
1998	3.45	2.3
1999	3.38	2.3
2000	3.35	2.2
2001	3.3	2.2
2002	3.22	2.1
2003	3.12	2
2004	3.05	2
2005	2.96	2
2006	2.87	2.1
2007	2.78	2.3
2008	2.71	2.6
2009	2.67	2.8
2010	2.6	2.4
2011	2.53	2.6
2012	2.47	2.7
2013	2.4	3
2014	2.29	3.1
2015	2.29	3
2016	2.28	3
2017	2.19	2.8
2018	2.18	2.9
2019	2.12	3
2020	2.05	2.9
2021	2.01	2.8
2022	1.99	2.7
2023	1.98	2.7
2024	1.96	2.65
2025	1.94	2.6
2026	1.93	2.55
2027	1.91	2.51
2028	1.9	2.47
2029	1.89	2.44
2030	1.88	2.4
2031	1.87	2.37
2032	1.86	2.34
2033	1.85	2.31
2034	1.84	2.29
2035	1.84	2.26
2036	1.83	2.23
2037	1.82	2.21
2038	1.81	2.19
2039	1.81	2.17
2040	1.8	2.15
2041	1.8	2.13
2042	1.79	2.11
2043	1.79	2.09
2044	1.78	2.08
2045	1.78	2.06
2046	1.78	2.05
2047	1.77	2.04
2048	1.77	2.02
2049	1.77	2.01
2050	1.76	2

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	India	Mongolia
1960	40.6%	38.1%
1961	40.9%	38.8%
1962	41.2%	39.6%
1963	41.5%	40.4%
1964	41.6%	41.4%
1965	41.7%	42.4%
1966	41.7%	43.3%
1967	41.6%	44.2%
1968	41.5%	44.9%
1969	41.5%	45.4%
1970	41.4%	45.6%
1971	41.2%	45.8%
1972	41.1%	45.8%
1973	41%	45.8%
1974	40.8%	45.6%
1975	40.7%	45.4%
1976	40.5%	45.2%
1977	40.3%	44.8%
1978	40.1%	44.5%
1979	40%	44.1%
1980	39.8%	43.7%
1981	39.7%	43.3%
1982	39.6%	43%
1983	39.5%	42.7%
1984	39.4%	42.5%
1985	39.3%	42.3%
1986	39.2%	42.1%
1987	39.1%	42%
1988	38.9%	41.8%
1989	38.8%	41.7%
1990	38.6%	41.4%
1991	38.4%	41%
1992	38.1%	40.5%
1993	37.9%	40%
1994	37.6%	39.5%
1995	37.3%	39%
1996	37%	38.4%
1997	36.7%	37.8%
1998	36.3%	37%
1999	35.9%	36.2%
2000	35.6%	35.2%
2001	35.2%	34.1%
2002	34.8%	32.9%
2003	34.4%	31.8%
2004	34%	30.8%
2005	33.6%	29.9%
2006	33.1%	29.1%
2007	32.7%	28.5%
2008	32.2%	28.1%
2009	31.8%	27.9%
2010	31.3%	27.9%
2011	30.9%	28%
2012	30.4%	28.1%
2013	29.9%	28.5%
2014	29.4%	28.9%
2015	28.9%	29.5%
2016	28.4%	30.2%
2017	27.8%	30.9%
2018	27.3%	31.6%
2019	26.8%	32.3%
2020	26.3%	32.8%
2021	25.9%	32.9%
2022	25.5%	32.9%
2023	25.1%	32.6%
2024	24.6%	32.2%
2025	24.2%	31.6%
2026	23.8%	30.9%
2027	23.4%	30.1%
2028	23%	29.2%
2029	22.7%	28.2%
2030	22.4%	27.3%
2031	22.1%	26.3%
2032	21.8%	25.6%
2033	21.5%	24.9%
2034	21.3%	24.3%
2035	21%	23.8%
2036	20.8%	23.4%
2037	20.6%	23.1%
2038	20.4%	23%
2039	20.2%	22.9%
2040	19.9%	22.8%
2041	19.7%	22.9%
2042	19.5%	22.9%
2043	19.3%	23%
2044	19.1%	23.1%
2045	18.8%	23.2%
2046	18.6%	23.3%
2047	18.4%	23.4%
2048	18.2%	23.4%
2049	18%	23.4%
2050	17.8%	23.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 24.6% of the population in India and 32.2% in Mongolia in 2024, compared to 38.6% and 41.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of India and Mongolia compared.

Natural population change in India vs Mongolia by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.06% in India and +1.81% in Mongolia. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	India	Mongolia
1960	10,237,489	20,726
1961	10,468,816	21,873
1962	10,743,409	22,960
1963	11,016,705	24,142
1964	11,285,378	25,317
1965	10,925,714	26,364
1966	11,089,894	27,338
1967	11,279,897	28,178
1968	12,006,807	29,017
1969	12,167,671	29,781
1970	12,417,866	30,558
1971	12,787,104	31,536
1972	13,041,792	32,727
1973	13,412,707	33,993
1974	13,795,836	35,297
1975	13,958,642	36,490
1976	14,435,504	37,670
1977	14,575,662	38,995
1978	14,898,145	40,276
1979	15,392,957	41,568
1980	16,018,786	42,343
1981	16,422,159	43,588
1982	16,790,507	45,179
1983	17,219,127	46,919
1984	17,698,810	48,562
1985	17,968,697	49,944
1986	18,455,495	50,329
1987	18,496,213	51,140
1988	18,702,916	51,588
1989	18,848,915	51,420
1990	18,893,588	49,443
1991	19,049,524	47,884
1992	19,132,757	42,437
1993	19,152,399	36,924
1994	19,310,798	34,711
1995	19,396,161	34,473
1996	19,442,699	33,741
1997	19,494,098	32,403
1998	19,569,575	31,757
1999	19,648,424	32,283
2000	19,984,160	32,753
2001	20,182,573	32,052
2002	20,024,621	30,439
2003	19,720,507	28,827
2004	19,469,758	28,418
2005	19,034,839	29,290
2006	18,641,737	33,609
2007	18,331,648	39,636
2008	18,234,926	45,843
2009	18,286,055	48,876
2010	17,991,935	44,914
2011	17,793,362	50,711
2012	17,552,365	55,942
2013	17,107,541	62,618
2014	16,165,943	66,078
2015	16,211,195	64,473
2016	16,202,593	62,086
2017	15,394,041	57,940
2018	15,451,168	60,635
2019	14,859,846	61,433
2020	13,366,946	60,888
2021	10,227,523	52,109
2022	13,912,130	47,730
2023	13,711,993	46,995

Maternal mortality chart: India vs Mongolia

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 80 deaths per 100,000 live births in India, compared to 41 deaths in Mongolia.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	India	Mongolia
1985	658	352
1986	624	346
1987	592	341
1988	562	335
1989	538	311
1990	516	276
1991	498	227
1992	482	199
1993	467	181
1994	451	178
1995	437	176
1996	422	178
1997	407	180
1998	393	174
1999	378	162
2000	362	144
2001	349	130
2002	330	120
2003	313	114
2004	296	108
2005	277	99
2006	258	90
2007	240	81
2008	223	77
2009	205	75
2010	188	71
2011	173	67
2012	160	63
2013	148	59
2014	137	56
2015	129	52
2016	121	48
2017	113	45
2018	107	45
2019	101	45
2020	101	47
2021	155	63
2022	90	41
2023	80	41

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2.77% in India and 1.36% in Mongolia. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	India	Mongolia
1960	24.1%	-
1961	23.8%	-
1962	23.5%	-
1963	23.2%	-
1964	22.9%	-
1965	22.7%	-
1966	22.4%	-
1967	22.2%	-
1968	22%	-
1969	21.7%	-
1970	21.5%	-
1971	21.2%	-
1972	20.8%	-
1973	20.5%	-
1974	20.1%	-
1975	19.6%	-
1976	19.1%	-
1977	18.6%	-
1978	18%	17.3%
1979	17.5%	16.7%
1980	16.9%	16.1%
1981	16.4%	15.5%
1982	15.9%	15%
1983	15.5%	14.4%
1984	15%	13.9%
1985	14.6%	13.4%
1986	14.2%	12.8%
1987	13.8%	12.2%
1988	13.4%	11.7%
1989	13%	11.1%
1990	12.7%	10.7%
1991	12.3%	10.2%
1992	12%	9.78%
1993	11.6%	9.39%
1994	11.3%	9%
1995	11%	8.6%
1996	10.6%	8.19%
1997	10.3%	7.74%
1998	9.89%	7.27%
1999	9.53%	6.78%
2000	9.16%	6.29%
2001	8.8%	5.8%
2002	8.45%	5.32%
2003	8.11%	4.87%
2004	7.77%	4.45%
2005	7.44%	4.07%
2006	7.11%	3.71%
2007	6.79%	3.39%
2008	6.46%	3.11%
2009	6.14%	2.85%
2010	5.82%	2.63%
2011	5.5%	2.44%
2012	5.2%	2.28%
2013	4.91%	2.15%
2014	4.63%	2.04%
2015	4.36%	1.94%
2016	4.11%	1.84%
2017	3.87%	1.74%
2018	3.64%	1.64%
2019	3.43%	1.56%
2020	3.24%	1.48%
2021	3.06%	1.43%
2022	2.91%	1.39%
2023	2.77%	1.36%