Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and North Korea

Fertility rate in Estonia vs North Korea by year

Chart Table

Estonia

North Korea

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	North Korea
2023	1.31	1.78
2022	1.41	1.8
2021	1.61	1.81
2020	1.58	1.82
2019	1.66	1.83
2018	1.67	1.83
2017	1.59	1.85
2016	1.6	1.86
2015	1.58	1.86
2014	1.54	1.87
2013	1.52	1.88
2012	1.56	1.88
2011	1.61	1.88
2010	1.72	1.89
2009	1.7	1.91
2008	1.72	1.97
2007	1.69	1.94
2006	1.58	1.94
2005	1.52	1.87
2004	1.47	1.9
2003	1.37	1.91
2002	1.36	1.92
2001	1.32	1.94
2000	1.36	1.94
1999	1.3	1.97
1998	1.28	1.99
1997	1.32	2.03
1996	1.37	2.09
1995	1.38	2.15
1994	1.42	2.18
1993	1.49	2.22
1992	1.71	2.29
1991	1.8	2.35
1990	2.05	2.39
1989	2.22	2.41
1988	2.27	2.47
1987	2.27	2.53
1986	2.18	2.59
1985	2.13	2.65
1984	2.17	2.71
1983	2.16	2.78
1982	2.07	2.85
1981	2.07	2.92
1980	2.02	2.84
1979	2	2.85
1978	2.02	2.79
1977	2.06	2.77
1976	2.07	2.84
1975	2.04	3.05
1974	2.07	3.14
1973	2.06	3.35
1972	2.13	3.89
1971	2.19	3.74
1970	2.17	3.85
1969	2.13	3.86
1968	2.03	3.87
1967	1.9	4.05
1966	1.87	3.71
1965	1.88	3.56
1964	1.94	3.55
1963	1.89	3.63
1962	1.95	3.41
1961	1.98	3.26
1960	1.98	3.57

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.78 in North Korea in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs North Korea population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

North Korea

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	North Korea
2023	-5,070	86,203
2022	-5,665	96,495
2021	-5,324	99,710
2020	-2,659	95,920
2019	-1,327	106,208
2018	-1,322	113,164
2017	-1,713	120,181
2016	-1,316	125,048
2015	-1,315	127,365
2014	-1,972	127,078
2013	-1,713	122,519
2012	-1,455	118,773
2011	-531	114,798
2010	0	112,443
2009	-400	111,530
2008	-668	122,015
2007	-1,608	120,521
2006	-2,559	129,171
2005	-2,981	132,765
2004	-3,679	155,838
2003	-5,072	178,775
2002	-5,380	119,504
2001	-5,830	143,321
2000	-5,309	161,591
1999	-6,117	181,613
1998	-7,208	197,589
1997	-6,018	211,325
1996	-5,662	226,095
1995	-7,327	233,381
1994	-8,044	320,861
1993	-5,976	320,880
1992	-1,993	324,002
1991	-312	320,551
1990	2,825	312,460
1989	5,803	303,078
1988	6,404	299,305
1987	6,829	296,030
1986	6,160	293,227
1985	4,281	287,714
1984	5,163	282,987
1983	5,884	279,046
1982	5,244	276,332
1981	4,612	273,800
1980	3,989	255,206
1979	3,818	251,409
1978	4,088	243,533
1977	4,931	242,870
1976	4,319	255,841
1975	4,717	288,966
1974	5,956	306,902
1973	5,623	338,600
1972	6,267	411,997
1971	7,160	393,220
1970	6,257	406,129
1969	5,515	404,189
1968	5,592	399,837
1967	5,012	414,632
1966	4,842	363,882
1965	5,437	335,587
1964	6,897	323,623
1963	6,043	321,805
1962	6,457	286,534
1961	7,228	257,788
1960	7,511	277,717

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +0.33% in North Korea.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +0.42% in North Korea.

Birth rate in Estonia vs North Korea by year

Chart Table

Estonia

North Korea

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	North Korea
2023	8	12.9
2022	8.6	13.1
2021	10	13.3
2020	9.9	13.4
2019	10.6	13.4
2018	10.9	13.4
2017	10.5	13.5
2016	10.7	13.5
2015	10.6	13.4
2014	10.3	13.4
2013	10.3	13.4
2012	10.6	13.3
2011	11.1	13.3
2010	11.9	13.3
2009	11.8	13.4
2008	12	13.9
2007	11.8	13.9
2006	11	14
2005	10.6	13.9
2004	10.3	14.6
2003	9.5	15.3
2002	9.4	16.1
2001	9.1	16.9
2000	9.4	17.5
1999	9	18.3
1998	8.8	18.9
1997	9	19.4
1996	9.4	20
1995	9.4	20.3
1994	9.7	20.4
1993	10.2	20.4
1992	11.8	20.5
1991	12.4	20.6
1990	14.2	20.5
1989	15.5	20.2
1988	16	20.2
1987	16.2	20.3
1986	15.7	20.4
1985	15.5	20.4
1984	16	20.4
1983	16	20.5
1982	15.4	20.6
1981	15.4	20.8
1980	15	20.1
1979	14.9	20.2
1978	15	20.1
1977	15.2	20.4
1976	15.1	21.5
1975	14.9	23.9
1974	15.1	25.6
1973	15.1	28.2
1972	15.6	33.7
1971	16.1	33.4
1970	15.8	35.3
1969	15.4	36.2
1968	14.9	37.1
1967	14.2	39.3
1966	14.2	36.6
1965	14.6	35.4
1964	15.4	35.4
1963	15.3	36.1
1962	16.1	34
1961	16.5	32.3
1960	16.7	34.8

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 12.9 in North Korea, compared with 16.7 and 34.8, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

North Korea

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	North Korea
2100	11.7%	13%
2099	11.7%	13.1%
2098	11.8%	13.2%
2097	11.9%	13.3%
2096	11.9%	13.4%
2095	12%	13.4%
2094	12.1%	13.5%
2093	12.2%	13.6%
2092	12.3%	13.7%
2091	12.4%	13.8%
2090	12.4%	13.8%
2089	12.5%	13.8%
2088	12.5%	13.9%
2087	12.6%	13.9%
2086	12.6%	13.9%
2085	12.6%	13.8%
2084	12.5%	13.8%
2083	12.5%	13.8%
2082	12.4%	13.7%
2081	12.3%	13.7%
2080	12.3%	13.7%
2079	12.2%	13.6%
2078	12.1%	13.6%
2077	12%	13.6%
2076	11.9%	13.6%
2075	11.8%	13.7%
2074	11.7%	13.7%
2073	11.7%	13.8%
2072	11.6%	13.8%
2071	11.6%	14%
2070	11.6%	14.1%
2069	11.6%	14.2%
2068	11.7%	14.3%
2067	11.7%	14.5%
2066	11.8%	14.6%
2065	11.9%	14.8%
2064	12.1%	14.9%
2063	12.2%	15%
2062	12.4%	15.1%
2061	12.5%	15.2%
2060	12.7%	15.3%
2059	12.8%	15.4%
2058	12.9%	15.4%
2057	13%	15.4%
2056	13.1%	15.4%
2055	13.2%	15.4%
2054	13.2%	15.4%
2053	13.2%	15.3%
2052	13.2%	15.3%
2051	13.1%	15.2%
2050	13%	15.2%
2049	12.9%	15.2%
2048	12.8%	15.2%
2047	12.7%	15.2%
2046	12.5%	15.3%
2045	12.4%	15.3%
2044	12.3%	15.5%
2043	12.1%	15.6%
2042	12%	15.8%
2041	11.9%	16%
2040	11.9%	16.2%
2039	11.8%	16.5%
2038	11.8%	16.7%
2037	11.9%	17%
2036	12.1%	17.2%
2035	12.3%	17.5%
2034	12.6%	17.8%
2033	12.9%	18%
2032	13.2%	18.2%
2031	13.6%	18.4%
2030	13.9%	18.6%
2029	14.2%	18.7%
2028	14.4%	18.8%
2027	14.7%	18.9%
2026	15%	18.9%
2025	15.5%	18.9%
2024	15.6%	18.9%
2023	16%	19%
2022	16.2%	19%
2021	16.4%	19.1%
2020	16.4%	19.1%
2019	16.4%	19.1%
2018	16.4%	19.2%
2017	16.3%	19.4%
2016	16.2%	19.6%
2015	16%	19.8%
2014	15.9%	20.1%
2013	15.7%	20.4%
2012	15.6%	20.8%
2011	15.4%	21.2%
2010	15.2%	21.6%
2009	15%	22.1%
2008	14.9%	22.5%
2007	14.9%	23%
2006	15%	23.4%
2005	15.2%	23.9%
2004	15.6%	24.3%
2003	16.1%	24.6%
2002	16.6%	25%
2001	17.2%	25.3%
2000	17.6%	25.6%
1999	18.4%	25.8%
1998	19.2%	26%
1997	19.8%	26.2%
1996	20.3%	26.3%
1995	20.7%	26.4%
1994	21.1%	26.4%
1993	21.4%	26.4%
1992	21.8%	26.3%
1991	22.1%	26.4%
1990	22.3%	26.5%
1989	22.3%	26.8%
1988	22.2%	27.3%
1987	22.2%	28%
1986	22.1%	29%
1985	22.1%	29.9%
1984	22.1%	30.9%
1983	22%	32%
1982	21.9%	33.1%
1981	21.8%	34.2%
1980	21.7%	35.1%
1979	21.6%	36%
1978	21.5%	36.9%
1977	21.5%	37.7%
1976	21.6%	38.3%
1975	21.6%	38.8%
1974	21.8%	39.3%
1973	21.9%	39.8%
1972	22%	40.2%
1971	22%	40.3%
1970	22.1%	40.1%
1969	22.1%	39.8%
1968	22.2%	39.2%
1967	22.3%	38.3%
1966	22.6%	37.3%
1965	22.8%	36.7%
1964	23%	36.6%
1963	23.2%	36.5%
1962	23.3%	36.6%
1961	23.3%	37%
1960	23.1%	37.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 18.9% in North Korea in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 26.5% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and North Korea compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs North Korea

Chart Table

Estonia

North Korea

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	North Korea
2023	5	67
2022	7	67
2021	8	72
2020	6	66
2019	6	66
2018	5	69
2017	5	70
2016	7	71
2015	6	72
2014	7	73
2013	6	75
2012	8	76
2011	9	76
2010	8	77
2009	10	78
2008	11	79
2007	13	80
2006	13	80
2005	15	78
2004	15	77
2003	18	76
2002	22	131
2001	25	130
2000	27	129
1999	28	129
1998	32	129
1997	31	128
1996	36	128
1995	45	127
1994	60	57
1993	46	46
1992	40	37
1991	42	38
1990	44	43
1989	48	49
1988	43	55
1987	42	62
1986	46	68
1985	56	76

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 67 deaths in North Korea.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

North Korea

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	North Korea
2023	0.21%	1.8%
2022	0.22%	1.77%
2021	0.23%	1.74%
2020	0.24%	1.74%
2019	0.25%	1.77%
2018	0.27%	1.84%
2017	0.28%	1.91%
2016	0.3%	2.06%
2015	0.32%	2.14%
2014	0.34%	2.26%
2013	0.36%	2.41%
2012	0.39%	2.57%
2011	0.42%	2.72%
2010	0.46%	2.87%
2009	0.5%	3%
2008	0.54%	3.1%
2007	0.59%	3.24%
2006	0.65%	3.28%
2005	0.71%	3.33%
2004	0.78%	3.38%
2003	0.85%	3.45%
2002	0.93%	9.78%
2001	1.01%	9.9%
2000	1.1%	10%
1999	1.2%	10.2%
1998	1.29%	10.3%
1997	1.39%	10.5%
1996	1.48%	10.6%
1995	1.57%	10.8%
1994	1.64%	4.25%
1993	1.69%	4.27%
1992	1.73%	4.25%
1991	1.75%	4.18%
1990	1.77%	4.07%
1989	1.79%	3.95%
1988	1.81%	3.83%
1987	1.83%	3.78%
1986	1.86%	3.68%
1985	1.91%	3.68%
1984	1.96%	3.71%
1983	2.02%	3.8%
1982	2.09%	3.91%
1981	2.16%	4.05%
1980	2.24%	4.22%
1979	-	4.4%
1978	-	4.59%
1977	-	4.8%
1976	-	5.03%
1975	-	5.28%
1974	-	5.56%
1973	-	5.86%
1972	-	6.2%
1971	-	6.58%
1970	-	6.99%
1969	-	7.45%
1968	-	7.94%
1967	-	8.45%
1966	-	8.96%
1965	-	9.46%
1964	-	9.92%
1963	-	10.4%
1962	-	10.8%
1961	-	11.2%
1960	-	11.6%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 1.8% in North Korea. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.