Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Slovakia

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Slovakia by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Slovakia

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Slovakia
2023	1.31	1.49
2022	1.41	1.57
2021	1.61	1.63
2020	1.58	1.59
2019	1.66	1.57
2018	1.67	1.54
2017	1.59	1.52
2016	1.6	1.48
2015	1.58	1.4
2014	1.54	1.37
2013	1.52	1.34
2012	1.56	1.34
2011	1.61	1.45
2010	1.72	1.43
2009	1.7	1.44
2008	1.72	1.34
2007	1.69	1.27
2006	1.58	1.25
2005	1.52	1.27
2004	1.47	1.25
2003	1.37	1.2
2002	1.36	1.19
2001	1.32	1.2
2000	1.36	1.3
1999	1.3	1.33
1998	1.28	1.37
1997	1.32	1.43
1996	1.37	1.47
1995	1.38	1.52
1994	1.42	1.67
1993	1.49	1.87
1992	1.71	1.93
1991	1.8	2.05
1990	2.05	2.09
1989	2.22	2.07
1988	2.27	2.13
1987	2.27	2.14
1986	2.18	2.2
1985	2.13	2.26
1984	2.17	2.26
1983	2.16	2.28
1982	2.07	2.28
1981	2.07	2.29
1980	2.02	2.32
1979	2	2.45
1978	2.02	2.47
1977	2.06	2.49
1976	2.07	2.55
1975	2.04	2.55
1974	2.07	2.61
1973	2.06	2.56
1972	2.13	2.49
1971	2.19	2.43
1970	2.17	2.41
1969	2.13	2.43
1968	2.03	2.39
1967	1.9	2.48
1966	1.87	2.66
1965	1.88	2.78
1964	1.94	2.89
1963	1.89	2.92
1962	1.95	2.83
1961	1.98	2.96
1960	1.98	3.04

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.49 in Slovakia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Slovakia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Slovakia

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Slovakia
2023	-5,070	-5,427
2022	-5,665	-7,062
2021	-5,324	-16,886
2020	-2,659	-2,184
2019	-1,327	3,818
2018	-1,322	3,268
2017	-1,713	4,351
2016	-1,316	5,431
2015	-1,315	2,170
2014	-1,972	3,793
2013	-1,713	2,707
2012	-1,455	3,245
2011	-531	9,177
2010	0	7,008
2009	-400	8,619
2008	-668	4,303
2007	-1,608	537
2006	-2,559	537
2005	-2,981	537
2004	-3,679	1,611
2003	-5,072	-537
2002	-5,380	-538
2001	-5,830	-1,076
2000	-5,309	2,155
1999	-6,117	3,777
1998	-7,208	4,312
1997	-6,018	6,999
1996	-5,662	9,135
1995	-7,327	9,115
1994	-8,044	14,970
1993	-5,976	20,769
1992	-1,993	21,220
1991	-312	23,865
1990	2,825	25,436
1989	5,803	26,380
1988	6,404	30,979
1987	6,829	31,859
1986	6,160	34,279
1985	4,281	37,680
1984	5,163	38,966
1983	5,884	39,717
1982	5,244	41,958
1981	4,612	43,640
1980	3,989	44,320
1979	3,818	52,353
1978	4,088	52,324
1977	4,931	52,762
1976	4,319	54,121
1975	4,717	52,604
1974	5,956	52,524
1973	5,623	49,199
1972	6,267	46,426
1971	7,160	40,105
1970	6,257	38,575
1969	5,515	39,312
1968	5,592	38,113
1967	5,012	41,824
1966	4,842	45,440
1965	5,437	48,517
1964	6,897	54,092
1963	6,043	54,382
1962	6,457	49,587
1961	7,228	55,749
1960	7,511	56,546

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and -0.1% in Slovakia.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and -0.02% in Slovakia.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Slovakia by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Slovakia

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Slovakia
2023	8	9
2022	8.6	9.7
2021	10	10.4
2020	9.9	10.4
2019	10.6	10.5
2018	10.9	10.6
2017	10.5	10.7
2016	10.7	10.6
2015	10.6	10.3
2014	10.3	10.2
2013	10.3	10.1
2012	10.6	10.3
2011	11.1	11.3
2010	11.9	11.2
2009	11.8	11.4
2008	12	10.7
2007	11.8	10.1
2006	11	10
2005	10.6	10.1
2004	10.3	10
2003	9.5	9.6
2002	9.4	9.5
2001	9.1	9.5
2000	9.4	10.2
1999	9	10.4
1998	8.8	10.7
1997	9	11
1996	9.4	11.2
1995	9.4	11.5
1994	9.7	12.4
1993	10.2	13.8
1992	11.8	14.1
1991	12.4	14.8
1990	14.2	15.1
1989	15.5	15.2
1988	16	15.9
1987	16.2	16.1
1986	15.7	16.8
1985	15.5	17.5
1984	16	17.7
1983	16	18.1
1982	15.4	18.3
1981	15.4	18.6
1980	15	19.1
1979	14.9	20.3
1978	15	20.5
1977	15.2	20.6
1976	15.1	20.8
1975	14.9	20.6
1974	15.1	20.8
1973	15.1	20
1972	15.6	19.1
1971	16.1	18.2
1970	15.8	17.8
1969	15.4	17.7
1968	14.9	17
1967	14.2	17.4
1966	14.2	18.5
1965	14.6	19.3
1964	15.4	20.1
1963	15.3	20.4
1962	16.1	19.8
1961	16.5	20.8
1960	16.7	21.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 9 in Slovakia, compared with 16.7 and 21.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Slovakia

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Slovakia
2100	11.7%	12.2%
2099	11.7%	12.3%
2098	11.8%	12.3%
2097	11.9%	12.4%
2096	11.9%	12.5%
2095	12%	12.5%
2094	12.1%	12.6%
2093	12.2%	12.7%
2092	12.3%	12.7%
2091	12.4%	12.8%
2090	12.4%	12.8%
2089	12.5%	12.9%
2088	12.5%	12.9%
2087	12.6%	12.9%
2086	12.6%	12.9%
2085	12.6%	12.9%
2084	12.5%	12.8%
2083	12.5%	12.8%
2082	12.4%	12.7%
2081	12.3%	12.7%
2080	12.3%	12.6%
2079	12.2%	12.5%
2078	12.1%	12.5%
2077	12%	12.4%
2076	11.9%	12.4%
2075	11.8%	12.3%
2074	11.7%	12.3%
2073	11.7%	12.3%
2072	11.6%	12.3%
2071	11.6%	12.3%
2070	11.6%	12.3%
2069	11.6%	12.4%
2068	11.7%	12.4%
2067	11.7%	12.5%
2066	11.8%	12.6%
2065	11.9%	12.6%
2064	12.1%	12.7%
2063	12.2%	12.8%
2062	12.4%	12.9%
2061	12.5%	13%
2060	12.7%	13.1%
2059	12.8%	13.2%
2058	12.9%	13.2%
2057	13%	13.3%
2056	13.1%	13.3%
2055	13.2%	13.3%
2054	13.2%	13.3%
2053	13.2%	13.2%
2052	13.2%	13.2%
2051	13.1%	13.1%
2050	13%	13.1%
2049	12.9%	13%
2048	12.8%	12.9%
2047	12.7%	12.9%
2046	12.5%	12.8%
2045	12.4%	12.7%
2044	12.3%	12.7%
2043	12.1%	12.7%
2042	12%	12.7%
2041	11.9%	12.7%
2040	11.9%	12.8%
2039	11.8%	12.8%
2038	11.8%	12.9%
2037	11.9%	13.1%
2036	12.1%	13.3%
2035	12.3%	13.5%
2034	12.6%	13.7%
2033	12.9%	14%
2032	13.2%	14.2%
2031	13.6%	14.5%
2030	13.9%	14.7%
2029	14.2%	14.9%
2028	14.4%	15.1%
2027	14.7%	15.2%
2026	15%	15.5%
2025	15.5%	15.7%
2024	15.6%	15.8%
2023	16%	15.9%
2022	16.2%	16%
2021	16.4%	15.9%
2020	16.4%	15.9%
2019	16.4%	15.8%
2018	16.4%	15.7%
2017	16.3%	15.5%
2016	16.2%	15.4%
2015	16%	15.3%
2014	15.9%	15.3%
2013	15.7%	15.3%
2012	15.6%	15.4%
2011	15.4%	15.4%
2010	15.2%	15.5%
2009	15%	15.5%
2008	14.9%	15.7%
2007	14.9%	16%
2006	15%	16.4%
2005	15.2%	16.9%
2004	15.6%	17.3%
2003	16.1%	17.9%
2002	16.6%	18.4%
2001	17.2%	19%
2000	17.6%	19.7%
1999	18.4%	20.3%
1998	19.2%	20.9%
1997	19.8%	21.5%
1996	20.3%	22.1%
1995	20.7%	22.7%
1994	21.1%	23.3%
1993	21.4%	23.9%
1992	21.8%	24.4%
1991	22.1%	24.8%
1990	22.3%	25.2%
1989	22.3%	25.7%
1988	22.2%	26.1%
1987	22.2%	26.3%
1986	22.1%	26.4%
1985	22.1%	26.5%
1984	22.1%	26.4%
1983	22%	26.3%
1982	21.9%	26.2%
1981	21.8%	26.1%
1980	21.7%	26.1%
1979	21.6%	26.1%
1978	21.5%	26.1%
1977	21.5%	26%
1976	21.6%	26%
1975	21.6%	26%
1974	21.8%	26.1%
1973	21.9%	26.2%
1972	22%	26.6%
1971	22%	27%
1970	22.1%	27.5%
1969	22.1%	28.1%
1968	22.2%	28.6%
1967	22.3%	29.3%
1966	22.6%	29.9%
1965	22.8%	30.4%
1964	23%	30.8%
1963	23.2%	31%
1962	23.3%	31.3%
1961	23.3%	31.5%
1960	23.1%	31.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 15.8% in Slovakia in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 25.2% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Slovakia compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Slovakia

Chart Table

Estonia

Slovakia

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Slovakia
2023	5	4
2022	7	5
2021	8	12
2020	6	4
2019	6	5
2018	5	5
2017	5	5
2016	7	5
2015	6	5
2014	7	5
2013	6	5
2012	8	5
2011	9	5
2010	8	5
2009	10	6
2008	11	5
2007	13	6
2006	13	6
2005	15	7
2004	15	7
2003	18	7
2002	22	7
2001	25	8
2000	27	8
1999	28	9
1998	32	10
1997	31	10
1996	36	10
1995	45	11
1994	60	12
1993	46	14
1992	40	15
1991	42	17
1990	44	18
1989	48	17
1988	43	18
1987	42	19
1986	46	19
1985	56	19

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 4 deaths in Slovakia.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Slovakia

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Slovakia
2023	0.21%	0.61%
2022	0.22%	0.6%
2021	0.23%	0.6%
2020	0.24%	0.59%
2019	0.25%	0.59%
2018	0.27%	0.6%
2017	0.28%	0.6%
2016	0.3%	0.61%
2015	0.32%	0.62%
2014	0.34%	0.63%
2013	0.36%	0.64%
2012	0.39%	0.66%
2011	0.42%	0.67%
2010	0.46%	0.69%
2009	0.5%	0.71%
2008	0.54%	0.74%
2007	0.59%	0.77%
2006	0.65%	0.8%
2005	0.71%	0.83%
2004	0.78%	0.86%
2003	0.85%	0.88%
2002	0.93%	0.91%
2001	1.01%	0.93%
2000	1.1%	0.96%
1999	1.2%	1%
1998	1.29%	1.05%
1997	1.39%	1.09%
1996	1.48%	1.14%
1995	1.57%	1.2%
1994	1.64%	1.25%
1993	1.69%	1.31%
1992	1.73%	1.37%
1991	1.75%	1.42%
1990	1.77%	1.47%
1989	1.79%	1.53%
1988	1.81%	1.59%
1987	1.83%	1.65%
1986	1.86%	1.73%
1985	1.91%	1.82%
1984	1.96%	1.91%
1983	2.02%	1.99%
1982	2.09%	2.08%
1981	2.16%	2.17%
1980	2.24%	2.27%
1979	-	2.36%
1978	-	2.46%
1977	-	2.55%
1976	-	2.64%
1975	-	2.72%
1974	-	2.78%
1973	-	2.84%
1972	-	2.89%
1971	-	2.92%
1970	-	2.95%
1969	-	2.97%
1968	-	3%
1967	-	3.02%
1966	-	3.05%
1965	-	3.08%
1964	-	3.14%
1963	-	3.21%
1962	-	3.32%
1961	-	3.47%
1960	-	3.67%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 0.61% in Slovakia. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.