Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Romania

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Romania by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Romania

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Romania
2023	1.31	1.71
2022	1.41	1.71
2021	1.61	1.81
2020	1.58	1.8
2019	1.66	1.77
2018	1.67	1.76
2017	1.59	1.78
2016	1.6	1.69
2015	1.58	1.62
2014	1.54	1.56
2013	1.52	1.46
2012	1.56	1.52
2011	1.61	1.47
2010	1.72	1.59
2009	1.7	1.66
2008	1.72	1.6
2007	1.69	1.45
2006	1.58	1.42
2005	1.52	1.4
2004	1.47	1.33
2003	1.37	1.3
2002	1.36	1.27
2001	1.32	1.27
2000	1.36	1.31
1999	1.3	1.3
1998	1.28	1.32
1997	1.32	1.32
1996	1.37	1.3
1995	1.38	1.33
1994	1.42	1.4
1993	1.49	1.43
1992	1.71	1.51
1991	1.8	1.59
1990	2.05	1.83
1989	2.22	2.22
1988	2.27	2.3
1987	2.27	2.38
1986	2.18	2.39
1985	2.13	2.31
1984	2.17	2.26
1983	2.16	2.06
1982	2.07	2.17
1981	2.07	2.36
1980	2.02	2.43
1979	2	2.49
1978	2.02	2.52
1977	2.06	2.57
1976	2.07	2.54
1975	2.04	2.59
1974	2.07	2.71
1973	2.06	2.44
1972	2.13	2.55
1971	2.19	2.67
1970	2.17	2.89
1969	2.13	3.19
1968	2.03	3.63
1967	1.9	3.66
1966	1.87	1.9
1965	1.88	1.91
1964	1.94	1.96
1963	1.89	2.01
1962	1.95	2.04
1961	1.98	2.17
1960	1.98	2.34

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.71 in Romania in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Romania population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Romania

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Romania
2023	-5,070	-89,587
2022	-5,665	-93,338
2021	-5,324	-141,504
2020	-2,659	-100,179
2019	-1,327	-60,053
2018	-1,322	-62,316
2017	-1,713	-50,930
2016	-1,316	-53,196
2015	-1,315	-59,447
2014	-1,972	-55,745
2013	-1,713	-59,951
2012	-1,455	-54,157
2011	-531	-56,413
2010	0	-46,567
2009	-400	-34,625
2008	-668	-30,806
2007	-1,608	-37,590
2006	-2,559	-38,148
2005	-2,981	-40,508
2004	-3,679	-42,904
2003	-5,072	-56,093
2002	-5,380	-58,673
2001	-5,830	-37,625
2000	-5,309	-22,443
1999	-6,117	-31,461
1998	-7,208	-33,761
1997	-6,018	-42,853
1996	-5,662	-56,548
1995	-7,327	-36,295
1994	-8,044	-18,184
1993	-5,976	-13,658
1992	-1,993	-4,559
1991	-312	25,301
1990	2,825	69,605
1989	5,803	122,756
1988	6,404	126,817
1987	6,829	128,517
1986	6,160	134,737
1985	4,281	111,392
1984	5,163	117,731
1983	5,884	87,986
1982	5,244	119,121
1981	4,612	156,472
1980	3,989	168,776
1979	3,818	194,397
1978	4,088	204,148
1977	4,931	215,385
1976	4,319	213,361
1975	4,717	219,324
1974	5,956	235,530
1973	5,623	175,020
1972	6,267	198,316
1971	7,160	206,662
1970	6,257	234,905
1969	5,515	264,120
1968	5,592	338,577
1967	5,012	347,709
1966	4,842	115,293
1965	5,437	114,190
1964	6,897	134,326
1963	6,043	139,104
1962	6,457	130,736
1961	7,228	163,286
1960	7,511	191,431

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and -0.47% in Romania.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and -0.4% in Romania.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Romania by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Romania

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Romania
2023	8	8
2022	8.6	9.4
2021	10	10.1
2020	9.9	10.3
2019	10.6	10.3
2018	10.9	10.4
2017	10.5	10.8
2016	10.7	10.4
2015	10.6	10.2
2014	10.3	10
2013	10.3	9.4
2012	10.6	10
2011	11.1	9.7
2010	11.9	10.5
2009	11.8	10.9
2008	12	10.8
2007	11.8	10.3
2006	11	10.4
2005	10.6	10.4
2004	10.3	10.1
2003	9.5	9.8
2002	9.4	9.7
2001	9.1	10
2000	9.4	10.4
1999	9	10.4
1998	8.8	10.5
1997	9	10.5
1996	9.4	10.2
1995	9.4	10.4
1994	9.7	10.9
1993	10.2	11
1992	11.8	11.4
1991	12.4	12
1990	14.2	13.6
1989	15.5	16
1988	16	16.5
1987	16.2	16.7
1986	15.7	16.5
1985	15.5	15.8
1984	16	15.5
1983	16	14.3
1982	15.4	15.3
1981	15.4	17
1980	15	18
1979	14.9	18.6
1978	15	19
1977	15.2	19.5
1976	15.1	19.4
1975	14.9	19.6
1974	15.1	20.3
1973	15.1	18.2
1972	15.6	18.8
1971	16.1	19.6
1970	15.8	21.1
1969	15.4	23.3
1968	14.9	26.6
1967	14.2	27
1966	14.2	14.2
1965	14.6	14.6
1964	15.4	15.2
1963	15.3	15.7
1962	16.1	16.2
1961	16.5	17.5
1960	16.7	19.1

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 8 in Romania, compared with 16.7 and 19.1, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Romania

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Romania
2100	11.7%	12.8%
2099	11.7%	12.8%
2098	11.8%	12.8%
2097	11.9%	12.9%
2096	11.9%	12.9%
2095	12%	13%
2094	12.1%	13.1%
2093	12.2%	13.1%
2092	12.3%	13.2%
2091	12.4%	13.2%
2090	12.4%	13.3%
2089	12.5%	13.4%
2088	12.5%	13.4%
2087	12.6%	13.5%
2086	12.6%	13.5%
2085	12.6%	13.5%
2084	12.5%	13.6%
2083	12.5%	13.6%
2082	12.4%	13.6%
2081	12.3%	13.6%
2080	12.3%	13.6%
2079	12.2%	13.6%
2078	12.1%	13.6%
2077	12%	13.6%
2076	11.9%	13.6%
2075	11.8%	13.6%
2074	11.7%	13.6%
2073	11.7%	13.6%
2072	11.6%	13.6%
2071	11.6%	13.6%
2070	11.6%	13.6%
2069	11.6%	13.6%
2068	11.7%	13.6%
2067	11.7%	13.6%
2066	11.8%	13.7%
2065	11.9%	13.7%
2064	12.1%	13.8%
2063	12.2%	13.8%
2062	12.4%	13.9%
2061	12.5%	13.9%
2060	12.7%	14%
2059	12.8%	14.1%
2058	12.9%	14.1%
2057	13%	14.2%
2056	13.1%	14.3%
2055	13.2%	14.3%
2054	13.2%	14.4%
2053	13.2%	14.4%
2052	13.2%	14.4%
2051	13.1%	14.4%
2050	13%	14.4%
2049	12.9%	14.4%
2048	12.8%	14.4%
2047	12.7%	14.4%
2046	12.5%	14.4%
2045	12.4%	14.3%
2044	12.3%	14.3%
2043	12.1%	14.3%
2042	12%	14.3%
2041	11.9%	14.2%
2040	11.9%	14.2%
2039	11.8%	14.2%
2038	11.8%	14.3%
2037	11.9%	14.3%
2036	12.1%	14.3%
2035	12.3%	14.4%
2034	12.6%	14.5%
2033	12.9%	14.6%
2032	13.2%	14.8%
2031	13.6%	15%
2030	13.9%	15.1%
2029	14.2%	15.2%
2028	14.4%	15.3%
2027	14.7%	15.4%
2026	15%	15.5%
2025	15.5%	15.6%
2024	15.6%	15.7%
2023	16%	15.9%
2022	16.2%	16%
2021	16.4%	16.1%
2020	16.4%	16.1%
2019	16.4%	16%
2018	16.4%	15.9%
2017	16.3%	15.8%
2016	16.2%	15.7%
2015	16%	15.7%
2014	15.9%	15.7%
2013	15.7%	15.7%
2012	15.6%	15.7%
2011	15.4%	15.8%
2010	15.2%	15.7%
2009	15%	15.7%
2008	14.9%	15.7%
2007	14.9%	15.7%
2006	15%	15.8%
2005	15.2%	16%
2004	15.6%	16.4%
2003	16.1%	16.9%
2002	16.6%	17.5%
2001	17.2%	18.1%
2000	17.6%	18.6%
1999	18.4%	19.1%
1998	19.2%	19.3%
1997	19.8%	19.6%
1996	20.3%	20%
1995	20.7%	20.5%
1994	21.1%	21%
1993	21.4%	21.6%
1992	21.8%	22.2%
1991	22.1%	22.8%
1990	22.3%	23.3%
1989	22.3%	23.7%
1988	22.2%	23.9%
1987	22.2%	24%
1986	22.1%	24.3%
1985	22.1%	24.6%
1984	22.1%	25.1%
1983	22%	25.9%
1982	21.9%	26.8%
1981	21.8%	27.1%
1980	21.7%	26.8%
1979	21.6%	26.5%
1978	21.5%	26.3%
1977	21.5%	26%
1976	21.6%	25.7%
1975	21.6%	25.3%
1974	21.8%	25.1%
1973	21.9%	24.9%
1972	22%	24.9%
1971	22%	24.9%
1970	22.1%	25.1%
1969	22.1%	25.1%
1968	22.2%	25.1%
1967	22.3%	25%
1966	22.6%	25.2%
1965	22.8%	26%
1964	23%	26.7%
1963	23.2%	27.3%
1962	23.3%	27.7%
1961	23.3%	28%
1960	23.1%	28.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 15.7% in Romania in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 23.3% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Romania compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Romania

Chart Table

Estonia

Romania

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Romania
2023	5	12
2022	7	13
2021	8	20
2020	6	16
2019	6	14
2018	5	15
2017	5	17
2016	7	17
2015	6	18
2014	7	18
2013	6	18
2012	8	19
2011	9	20
2010	8	23
2009	10	25
2008	11	25
2007	13	25
2006	13	27
2005	15	30
2004	15	32
2003	18	35
2002	22	38
2001	25	41
2000	27	45
1999	28	51
1998	32	58
1997	31	66
1996	36	72
1995	45	75
1994	60	80
1993	46	87
1992	40	95
1991	42	104
1990	44	118
1989	48	143
1988	43	159
1987	42	173
1986	46	180
1985	56	184

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 12 deaths in Romania.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Romania

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Romania
2023	0.21%	0.66%
2022	0.22%	0.66%
2021	0.23%	0.65%
2020	0.24%	0.66%
2019	0.25%	0.68%
2018	0.27%	0.73%
2017	0.28%	0.79%
2016	0.3%	0.85%
2015	0.32%	0.92%
2014	0.34%	0.99%
2013	0.36%	1.05%
2012	0.39%	1.12%
2011	0.42%	1.18%
2010	0.46%	1.24%
2009	0.5%	1.31%
2008	0.54%	1.4%
2007	0.59%	1.51%
2006	0.65%	1.66%
2005	0.71%	1.82%
2004	0.78%	1.94%
2003	0.85%	1.99%
2002	0.93%	2.01%
2001	1.01%	2.06%
2000	1.1%	2.16%
1999	1.2%	2.29%
1998	1.29%	2.44%
1997	1.39%	2.58%
1996	1.48%	2.68%
1995	1.57%	2.73%
1994	1.64%	2.76%
1993	1.69%	2.79%
1992	1.73%	2.84%
1991	1.75%	2.97%
1990	1.77%	3.14%
1989	1.79%	3.31%
1988	1.81%	3.43%
1987	1.83%	3.45%
1986	1.86%	3.33%
1985	1.91%	3.16%
1984	1.96%	3.08%
1983	2.02%	3.14%
1982	2.09%	3.28%
1981	2.16%	3.44%
1980	2.24%	3.57%
1979	-	3.68%
1978	-	3.76%
1977	-	3.86%
1976	-	4.05%
1975	-	4.27%
1974	-	4.43%
1973	-	4.49%
1972	-	4.64%
1971	-	5.06%
1970	-	5.69%
1969	-	6.23%
1968	-	6.44%
1967	-	6.27%
1966	-	5.83%
1965	-	5.44%
1964	-	5.45%
1963	-	6.03%
1962	-	6.98%
1961	-	7.98%
1960	-	8.82%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 0.66% in Romania. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.