Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Italy

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Italy by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Italy

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Italy
2023	1.31	1.2
2022	1.41	1.24
2021	1.61	1.25
2020	1.58	1.24
2019	1.66	1.27
2018	1.67	1.31
2017	1.59	1.34
2016	1.6	1.36
2015	1.58	1.36
2014	1.54	1.38
2013	1.52	1.39
2012	1.56	1.42
2011	1.61	1.42
2010	1.72	1.44
2009	1.7	1.44
2008	1.72	1.44
2007	1.69	1.39
2006	1.58	1.37
2005	1.52	1.33
2004	1.47	1.34
2003	1.37	1.29
2002	1.36	1.27
2001	1.32	1.25
2000	1.36	1.26
1999	1.3	1.23
1998	1.28	1.22
1997	1.32	1.22
1996	1.37	1.2
1995	1.38	1.19
1994	1.42	1.21
1993	1.49	1.25
1992	1.71	1.3
1991	1.8	1.3
1990	2.05	1.33
1989	2.22	1.33
1988	2.27	1.36
1987	2.27	1.33
1986	2.18	1.35
1985	2.13	1.42
1984	2.17	1.46
1983	2.16	1.51
1982	2.07	1.56
1981	2.07	1.58
1980	2.02	1.64
1979	2	1.73
1978	2.02	1.84
1977	2.06	1.93
1976	2.07	2.04
1975	2.04	2.17
1974	2.07	2.28
1973	2.06	2.3
1972	2.13	2.35
1971	2.19	2.4
1970	2.17	2.38
1969	2.13	2.47
1968	2.03	2.46
1967	1.9	2.5
1966	1.87	2.58
1965	1.88	2.6
1964	1.94	2.66
1963	1.89	2.51
1962	1.95	2.46
1961	1.98	2.44
1960	1.98	2.4

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.2 in Italy in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Italy population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Italy

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Italy
2023	-5,070	-283,125
2022	-5,665	-318,674
2021	-5,324	-301,579
2020	-2,659	-338,801
2019	-1,327	-215,025
2018	-1,322	-192,475
2017	-1,713	-192,007
2016	-1,316	-138,265
2015	-1,315	-162,620
2014	-1,972	-96,513
2013	-1,713	-90,468
2012	-1,455	-78,248
2011	-531	-48,021
2010	0	-23,928
2009	-400	-17,866
2008	-668	-11,842
2007	-1,608	-5,876
2006	-2,559	0
2005	-2,981	-17,450
2004	-3,679	11,566
2003	-5,072	-40,179
2002	-5,380	-22,836
2001	-5,830	-11,396
2000	-5,309	-17,082
1999	-6,117	-22,766
1998	-7,208	-39,835
1997	-6,018	-22,756
1996	-5,662	-22,744
1995	-7,327	-34,107
1994	-8,044	-17,053
1993	-5,976	0
1992	-1,993	22,718
1991	-312	11,352
1990	2,825	22,688
1989	5,803	28,336
1988	6,404	33,977
1987	6,829	16,980
1986	6,160	11,319
1985	4,281	28,297
1984	5,163	50,919
1983	5,884	33,939
1982	5,244	79,161
1981	4,612	73,452
1980	3,989	84,650
1979	3,818	129,531
1978	4,088	168,465
1977	4,931	190,248
1976	4,319	228,445
1975	4,717	271,660
1974	5,956	336,176
1973	5,623	328,508
1972	6,267	364,355
1971	7,160	383,922
1970	6,257	376,753
1969	5,515	390,827
1968	5,592	399,268
1967	5,012	439,074
1966	4,842	488,427
1965	5,437	474,222
1964	6,897	527,089
1963	6,043	440,767
1962	6,457	427,387
1961	7,228	459,880
1960	7,511	426,697

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and -0.48% in Italy.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and -0.38% in Italy.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Italy by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Italy

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Italy
2023	8	6.4
2022	8.6	6.7
2021	10	6.8
2020	9.9	6.8
2019	10.6	7
2018	10.9	7.3
2017	10.5	7.6
2016	10.7	7.9
2015	10.6	8.1
2014	10.3	8.3
2013	10.3	8.5
2012	10.6	8.9
2011	11.1	9.1
2010	11.9	9.4
2009	11.8	9.6
2008	12	9.7
2007	11.8	9.6
2006	11	9.6
2005	10.6	9.5
2004	10.3	9.7
2003	9.5	9.5
2002	9.4	9.4
2001	9.1	9.4
2000	9.4	9.5
1999	9	9.4
1998	8.8	9.3
1997	9	9.4
1996	9.4	9.3
1995	9.4	9.2
1994	9.7	9.4
1993	10.2	9.7
1992	11.8	10
1991	12.4	9.9
1990	14.2	10
1989	15.5	9.9
1988	16	10.1
1987	16.2	9.7
1986	15.7	9.8
1985	15.5	10.2
1984	16	10.4
1983	16	10.6
1982	15.4	10.9
1981	15.4	11
1980	15	11.3
1979	14.9	11.9
1978	15	12.6
1977	15.2	13.2
1976	15.1	14
1975	14.9	14.9
1974	15.1	15.8
1973	15.1	16
1972	15.6	16.3
1971	16.1	16.8
1970	15.8	16.7
1969	15.4	17.4
1968	14.9	17.5
1967	14.2	17.9
1966	14.2	18.7
1965	14.6	19
1964	15.4	19.7
1963	15.3	18.7
1962	16.1	18.4
1961	16.5	18.4
1960	16.7	18.1

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 6.4 in Italy, compared with 16.7 and 18.1, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Italy

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Italy
2100	11.7%	11.1%
2099	11.7%	11.1%
2098	11.8%	11.1%
2097	11.9%	11.1%
2096	11.9%	11.1%
2095	12%	11.1%
2094	12.1%	11.1%
2093	12.2%	11.2%
2092	12.3%	11.2%
2091	12.4%	11.2%
2090	12.4%	11.2%
2089	12.5%	11.3%
2088	12.5%	11.3%
2087	12.6%	11.3%
2086	12.6%	11.3%
2085	12.6%	11.3%
2084	12.5%	11.3%
2083	12.5%	11.3%
2082	12.4%	11.3%
2081	12.3%	11.2%
2080	12.3%	11.2%
2079	12.2%	11.2%
2078	12.1%	11.1%
2077	12%	11.1%
2076	11.9%	11%
2075	11.8%	10.9%
2074	11.7%	10.9%
2073	11.7%	10.8%
2072	11.6%	10.8%
2071	11.6%	10.7%
2070	11.6%	10.7%
2069	11.6%	10.6%
2068	11.7%	10.6%
2067	11.7%	10.6%
2066	11.8%	10.5%
2065	11.9%	10.5%
2064	12.1%	10.5%
2063	12.2%	10.6%
2062	12.4%	10.6%
2061	12.5%	10.6%
2060	12.7%	10.6%
2059	12.8%	10.7%
2058	12.9%	10.7%
2057	13%	10.8%
2056	13.1%	10.8%
2055	13.2%	10.8%
2054	13.2%	10.9%
2053	13.2%	10.9%
2052	13.2%	10.9%
2051	13.1%	10.9%
2050	13%	10.9%
2049	12.9%	10.9%
2048	12.8%	10.8%
2047	12.7%	10.8%
2046	12.5%	10.7%
2045	12.4%	10.7%
2044	12.3%	10.6%
2043	12.1%	10.6%
2042	12%	10.5%
2041	11.9%	10.5%
2040	11.9%	10.4%
2039	11.8%	10.4%
2038	11.8%	10.3%
2037	11.9%	10.3%
2036	12.1%	10.3%
2035	12.3%	10.3%
2034	12.6%	10.4%
2033	12.9%	10.4%
2032	13.2%	10.5%
2031	13.6%	10.7%
2030	13.9%	10.8%
2029	14.2%	11%
2028	14.4%	11.1%
2027	14.7%	11.3%
2026	15%	11.5%
2025	15.5%	11.8%
2024	15.6%	11.9%
2023	16%	12.1%
2022	16.2%	12.4%
2021	16.4%	12.6%
2020	16.4%	12.8%
2019	16.4%	13%
2018	16.4%	13.2%
2017	16.3%	13.4%
2016	16.2%	13.6%
2015	16%	13.7%
2014	15.9%	13.8%
2013	15.7%	13.9%
2012	15.6%	14%
2011	15.4%	14%
2010	15.2%	14%
2009	15%	14%
2008	14.9%	14%
2007	14.9%	14%
2006	15%	14.1%
2005	15.2%	14.1%
2004	15.6%	14.2%
2003	16.1%	14.2%
2002	16.6%	14.2%
2001	17.2%	14.2%
2000	17.6%	14.3%
1999	18.4%	14.3%
1998	19.2%	14.3%
1997	19.8%	14.4%
1996	20.3%	14.5%
1995	20.7%	14.6%
1994	21.1%	14.8%
1993	21.4%	15%
1992	21.8%	15.2%
1991	22.1%	15.8%
1990	22.3%	16.5%
1989	22.3%	17%
1988	22.2%	17.5%
1987	22.2%	18.1%
1986	22.1%	18.7%
1985	22.1%	19.3%
1984	22.1%	19.9%
1983	22%	20.5%
1982	21.9%	21.1%
1981	21.8%	21.6%
1980	21.7%	22.3%
1979	21.6%	22.8%
1978	21.5%	23.4%
1977	21.5%	23.7%
1976	21.6%	24.1%
1975	21.6%	24.3%
1974	21.8%	24.5%
1973	21.9%	24.6%
1972	22%	24.6%
1971	22%	24.6%
1970	22.1%	24.7%
1969	22.1%	24.7%
1968	22.2%	24.6%
1967	22.3%	24.6%
1966	22.6%	24.5%
1965	22.8%	24.5%
1964	23%	24.5%
1963	23.2%	24.5%
1962	23.3%	24.7%
1961	23.3%	25%
1960	23.1%	25%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 11.9% in Italy in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 16.5% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Italy compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Italy

Chart Table

Estonia

Italy

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Italy
2023	5	6
2022	7	10
2021	8	7
2020	6	8
2019	6	7
2018	5	7
2017	5	8
2016	7	8
2015	6	8
2014	7	8
2013	6	8
2012	8	8
2011	9	8
2010	8	8
2009	10	8
2008	11	7
2007	13	7
2006	13	7
2005	15	8
2004	15	8
2003	18	8
2002	22	10
2001	25	10
2000	27	11
1999	28	11
1998	32	12
1997	31	13
1996	36	14
1995	45	15
1994	60	15
1993	46	16
1992	40	17
1991	42	18
1990	44	18
1989	48	19
1988	43	20
1987	42	21
1986	46	22
1985	56	22

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 6 deaths in Italy.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Italy

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Italy
2023	0.21%	0.28%
2022	0.22%	0.28%
2021	0.23%	0.29%
2020	0.24%	0.3%
2019	0.25%	0.31%
2018	0.27%	0.32%
2017	0.28%	0.33%
2016	0.3%	0.34%
2015	0.32%	0.35%
2014	0.34%	0.36%
2013	0.36%	0.37%
2012	0.39%	0.38%
2011	0.42%	0.39%
2010	0.46%	0.4%
2009	0.5%	0.41%
2008	0.54%	0.41%
2007	0.59%	0.42%
2006	0.65%	0.43%
2005	0.71%	0.45%
2004	0.78%	0.46%
2003	0.85%	0.48%
2002	0.93%	0.51%
2001	1.01%	0.53%
2000	1.1%	0.56%
1999	1.2%	0.59%
1998	1.29%	0.62%
1997	1.39%	0.66%
1996	1.48%	0.7%
1995	1.57%	0.75%
1994	1.64%	0.8%
1993	1.69%	0.85%
1992	1.73%	0.89%
1991	1.75%	0.93%
1990	1.77%	0.97%
1989	1.79%	1%
1988	1.81%	1.04%
1987	1.83%	1.08%
1986	1.86%	1.14%
1985	1.91%	1.2%
1984	1.96%	1.27%
1983	2.02%	1.35%
1982	2.09%	1.43%
1981	2.16%	1.52%
1980	2.24%	1.61%
1979	-	1.7%
1978	-	1.82%
1977	-	1.95%
1976	-	2.11%
1975	-	2.31%
1974	-	2.53%
1973	-	2.76%
1972	-	2.98%
1971	-	3.18%
1970	-	3.36%
1969	-	3.51%
1968	-	3.64%
1967	-	3.78%
1966	-	3.93%
1965	-	4.11%
1964	-	4.31%
1963	-	4.53%
1962	-	4.76%
1961	-	4.98%
1960	-	5.19%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 0.28% in Italy. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.