Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Zambia

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Zambia by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Zambia

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Zambia
2023	1.31	4.1
2022	1.41	4.18
2021	1.61	4.25
2020	1.58	4.32
2019	1.66	4.42
2018	1.67	4.49
2017	1.59	4.57
2016	1.6	4.67
2015	1.58	4.78
2014	1.54	4.89
2013	1.52	5.01
2012	1.56	5.14
2011	1.61	5.26
2010	1.72	5.36
2009	1.7	5.45
2008	1.72	5.53
2007	1.69	5.61
2006	1.58	5.68
2005	1.52	5.7
2004	1.47	5.7
2003	1.37	5.71
2002	1.36	5.77
2001	1.32	5.85
2000	1.36	5.92
1999	1.3	6
1998	1.28	6.07
1997	1.32	6.12
1996	1.37	6.18
1995	1.38	6.23
1994	1.42	6.26
1993	1.49	6.3
1992	1.71	6.35
1991	1.8	6.46
1990	2.05	6.57
1989	2.22	6.64
1988	2.27	6.7
1987	2.27	6.8
1986	2.18	6.87
1985	2.13	6.93
1984	2.17	6.97
1983	2.16	7.01
1982	2.07	7.04
1981	2.07	7.07
1980	2.02	7.14
1979	2	7.22
1978	2.02	7.29
1977	2.06	7.35
1976	2.07	7.39
1975	2.04	7.42
1974	2.07	7.36
1973	2.06	7.34
1972	2.13	7.3
1971	2.19	7.26
1970	2.17	7.22
1969	2.13	7.18
1968	2.03	7.18
1967	1.9	7.15
1966	1.87	7.14
1965	1.88	7.12
1964	1.94	7.09
1963	1.89	7.06
1962	1.95	7.01
1961	1.98	6.98
1960	1.98	6.95

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.1 in Zambia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Zambia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Zambia

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Zambia
2023	-5,070	577,660
2022	-5,665	563,456
2021	-5,324	535,629
2020	-2,659	536,484
2019	-1,327	528,089
2018	-1,322	515,644
2017	-1,713	504,630
2016	-1,316	497,521
2015	-1,315	491,021
2014	-1,972	483,663
2013	-1,713	476,846
2012	-1,455	469,406
2011	-531	459,743
2010	0	448,337
2009	-400	434,458
2008	-668	419,560
2007	-1,608	403,729
2006	-2,559	387,891
2005	-2,981	368,756
2004	-3,679	349,352
2003	-5,072	331,189
2002	-5,380	316,041
2001	-5,830	302,682
2000	-5,309	293,186
1999	-6,117	283,297
1998	-7,208	275,568
1997	-6,018	268,198
1996	-5,662	262,468
1995	-7,327	257,897
1994	-8,044	252,023
1993	-5,976	245,917
1992	-1,993	239,953
1991	-312	237,957
1990	2,825	235,835
1989	5,803	233,429
1988	6,404	230,118
1987	6,829	227,813
1986	6,160	224,768
1985	4,281	221,351
1984	5,163	216,695
1983	5,884	212,712
1982	5,244	207,621
1981	4,612	202,822
1980	3,989	198,817
1979	3,818	197,578
1978	4,088	194,933
1977	4,931	191,557
1976	4,319	186,762
1975	4,717	182,258
1974	5,956	174,484
1973	5,623	168,258
1972	6,267	161,648
1971	7,160	155,249
1970	6,257	149,380
1969	5,515	142,660
1968	5,592	137,315
1967	5,012	131,938
1966	4,842	127,164
1965	5,437	122,814
1964	6,897	117,197
1963	6,043	114,555
1962	6,457	110,173
1961	7,228	106,318
1960	7,511	102,335

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +2.79% in Zambia.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +2.87% in Zambia.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Zambia by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Zambia

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Zambia
2023	8	33.1
2022	8.6	33.5
2021	10	33.9
2020	9.9	34.4
2019	10.6	35
2018	10.9	35.5
2017	10.5	35.9
2016	10.7	36.6
2015	10.6	37.3
2014	10.3	38.1
2013	10.3	39
2012	10.6	39.9
2011	11.1	40.7
2010	11.9	41.4
2009	11.8	42
2008	12	42.6
2007	11.8	43.2
2006	11	43.7
2005	10.6	43.8
2004	10.3	43.9
2003	9.5	43.9
2002	9.4	44.3
2001	9.1	44.8
2000	9.4	45.5
1999	9	45.9
1998	8.8	46.2
1997	9	46.3
1996	9.4	46.6
1995	9.4	46.8
1994	9.7	46.7
1993	10.2	46.6
1992	11.8	46.6
1991	12.4	46.9
1990	14.2	47
1989	15.5	47.1
1988	16	47.1
1987	16.2	47.3
1986	15.7	47.4
1985	15.5	47.4
1984	16	47.3
1983	16	47.3
1982	15.4	47.3
1981	15.4	47.3
1980	15	47.5
1979	14.9	48.2
1978	15	48.7
1977	15.2	49.2
1976	15.1	49.5
1975	14.9	50
1974	15.1	49.7
1973	15.1	49.7
1972	15.6	49.6
1971	16.1	49.4
1970	15.8	49.3
1969	15.4	48.9
1968	14.9	48.9
1967	14.2	48.8
1966	14.2	48.8
1965	14.6	48.8
1964	15.4	48.9
1963	15.3	48.9
1962	16.1	48.9
1961	16.5	48.9
1960	16.7	48.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 33.1 in Zambia, compared with 16.7 and 48.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Zambia

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Zambia
2100	11.7%	21.6%
2099	11.7%	21.7%
2098	11.8%	21.9%
2097	11.9%	22%
2096	11.9%	22.2%
2095	12%	22.3%
2094	12.1%	22.5%
2093	12.2%	22.7%
2092	12.3%	22.8%
2091	12.4%	23%
2090	12.4%	23.1%
2089	12.5%	23.3%
2088	12.5%	23.5%
2087	12.6%	23.6%
2086	12.6%	23.8%
2085	12.6%	24%
2084	12.5%	24.2%
2083	12.5%	24.3%
2082	12.4%	24.5%
2081	12.3%	24.7%
2080	12.3%	24.9%
2079	12.2%	25.1%
2078	12.1%	25.3%
2077	12%	25.5%
2076	11.9%	25.7%
2075	11.8%	25.9%
2074	11.7%	26.1%
2073	11.7%	26.4%
2072	11.6%	26.6%
2071	11.6%	26.8%
2070	11.6%	27%
2069	11.6%	27.2%
2068	11.7%	27.5%
2067	11.7%	27.7%
2066	11.8%	27.9%
2065	11.9%	28.1%
2064	12.1%	28.4%
2063	12.2%	28.6%
2062	12.4%	28.9%
2061	12.5%	29.1%
2060	12.7%	29.3%
2059	12.8%	29.6%
2058	12.9%	29.8%
2057	13%	30.1%
2056	13.1%	30.4%
2055	13.2%	30.6%
2054	13.2%	30.9%
2053	13.2%	31.2%
2052	13.2%	31.5%
2051	13.1%	31.8%
2050	13%	32.2%
2049	12.9%	32.5%
2048	12.8%	32.8%
2047	12.7%	33.2%
2046	12.5%	33.5%
2045	12.4%	33.9%
2044	12.3%	34.2%
2043	12.1%	34.6%
2042	12%	34.9%
2041	11.9%	35.3%
2040	11.9%	35.6%
2039	11.8%	36%
2038	11.8%	36.3%
2037	11.9%	36.6%
2036	12.1%	37%
2035	12.3%	37.3%
2034	12.6%	37.6%
2033	12.9%	38%
2032	13.2%	38.3%
2031	13.6%	38.7%
2030	13.9%	39%
2029	14.2%	39.4%
2028	14.4%	39.8%
2027	14.7%	40.3%
2026	15%	40.7%
2025	15.5%	41.2%
2024	15.6%	41.5%
2023	16%	42%
2022	16.2%	42.4%
2021	16.4%	42.9%
2020	16.4%	43.3%
2019	16.4%	43.8%
2018	16.4%	44.1%
2017	16.3%	44.5%
2016	16.2%	44.9%
2015	16%	45.2%
2014	15.9%	45.5%
2013	15.7%	45.7%
2012	15.6%	45.9%
2011	15.4%	46.1%
2010	15.2%	46.3%
2009	15%	46.4%
2008	14.9%	46.6%
2007	14.9%	46.8%
2006	15%	47%
2005	15.2%	47.1%
2004	15.6%	47.3%
2003	16.1%	47.4%
2002	16.6%	47.6%
2001	17.2%	47.8%
2000	17.6%	48%
1999	18.4%	48.1%
1998	19.2%	48.2%
1997	19.8%	48.2%
1996	20.3%	48.2%
1995	20.7%	48.2%
1994	21.1%	48.2%
1993	21.4%	48.2%
1992	21.8%	48.2%
1991	22.1%	48.3%
1990	22.3%	48.4%
1989	22.3%	48.5%
1988	22.2%	48.6%
1987	22.2%	48.7%
1986	22.1%	48.8%
1985	22.1%	48.9%
1984	22.1%	49%
1983	22%	49.1%
1982	21.9%	49.3%
1981	21.8%	49.4%
1980	21.7%	49.5%
1979	21.6%	49.5%
1978	21.5%	49.4%
1977	21.5%	49.2%
1976	21.6%	49.1%
1975	21.6%	48.8%
1974	21.8%	48.6%
1973	21.9%	48.3%
1972	22%	48%
1971	22%	47.7%
1970	22.1%	47.4%
1969	22.1%	47.2%
1968	22.2%	47.1%
1967	22.3%	47%
1966	22.6%	46.9%
1965	22.8%	46.9%
1964	23%	46.7%
1963	23.2%	46.5%
1962	23.3%	46.3%
1961	23.3%	46.2%
1960	23.1%	46%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 41.5% in Zambia in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 48.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Zambia compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Zambia

Chart Table

Estonia

Zambia

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Zambia
2023	5	85
2022	7	89
2021	8	140
2020	6	99
2019	6	103
2018	5	117
2017	5	141
2016	7	158
2015	6	154
2014	7	174
2013	6	213
2012	8	256
2011	9	291
2010	8	332
2009	10	406
2008	11	394
2007	13	324
2006	13	262
2005	15	264
2004	15	260
2003	18	250
2002	22	274
2001	25	306
2000	27	340
1999	28	378
1998	32	392
1997	31	403
1996	36	433
1995	45	466
1994	60	507
1993	46	532
1992	40	581
1991	42	611
1990	44	625
1989	48	635
1988	43	635
1987	42	630
1986	46	619
1985	56	596

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 85 deaths in Zambia.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Zambia

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Zambia
2023	0.21%	4.47%
2022	0.22%	4.67%
2021	0.23%	4.92%
2020	0.24%	5.24%
2019	0.25%	5.41%
2018	0.27%	5.52%
2017	0.28%	5.61%
2016	0.3%	5.9%
2015	0.32%	6.15%
2014	0.34%	6.38%
2013	0.36%	6.72%
2012	0.39%	7.04%
2011	0.42%	7.31%
2010	0.46%	7.57%
2009	0.5%	8%
2008	0.54%	8.62%
2007	0.59%	9.14%
2006	0.65%	9.71%
2005	0.71%	10.5%
2004	0.78%	11.4%
2003	0.85%	12.4%
2002	0.93%	13.4%
2001	1.01%	14.4%
2000	1.1%	15.3%
1999	1.2%	15.9%
1998	1.29%	16.3%
1997	1.39%	16.7%
1996	1.48%	17%
1995	1.57%	17.3%
1994	1.64%	17.7%
1993	1.69%	17.9%
1992	1.73%	18.1%
1991	1.75%	18.1%
1990	1.77%	18.1%
1989	1.79%	17.9%
1988	1.81%	17.7%
1987	1.83%	17.3%
1986	1.86%	17%
1985	1.91%	16.6%
1984	1.96%	16.2%
1983	2.02%	15.9%
1982	2.09%	15.7%
1981	2.16%	15.6%
1980	2.24%	15.5%
1979	-	15.4%
1978	-	15.3%
1977	-	15.3%
1976	-	15.4%
1975	-	15.5%
1974	-	15.9%
1973	-	16.3%
1972	-	16.9%
1971	-	17.4%
1970	-	17.9%
1969	-	18.3%
1968	-	18.5%
1967	-	18.7%
1966	-	18.9%
1965	-	19%
1964	-	19.2%
1963	-	19.5%
1962	-	19.8%
1961	-	20.1%
1960	-	20.5%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 4.47% in Zambia. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.