Fertility & birth rates in Mongolia and Spain

Fertility rate in Mongolia vs Spain by year

Chart Table

Mongolia

Spain

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Mongolia	Spain
2023	2.7	1.12
2022	2.7	1.16
2021	2.8	1.18
2020	2.9	1.18
2019	3	1.23
2018	2.9	1.26
2017	2.8	1.31
2016	3	1.33
2015	3	1.33
2014	3.1	1.32
2013	3	1.27
2012	2.7	1.32
2011	2.6	1.34
2010	2.4	1.37
2009	2.8	1.38
2008	2.6	1.45
2007	2.3	1.38
2006	2.1	1.36
2005	2	1.33
2004	2	1.31
2003	2	1.3
2002	2.1	1.25
2001	2.2	1.23
2000	2.2	1.22
1999	2.3	1.17
1998	2.3	1.13
1997	2.4	1.15
1996	2.5	1.14
1995	2.77	1.16
1994	2.7	1.19
1993	2.5	1.26
1992	3.5	1.31
1991	4	1.33
1990	4.5	1.36
1989	4.42	1.4
1988	4.65	1.45
1987	4.83	1.49
1986	5.03	1.56
1985	5.26	1.64
1984	5.45	1.73
1983	5.63	1.8
1982	5.8	1.94
1981	5.98	2.04
1980	6.21	2.22
1979	6.42	2.37
1978	6.62	2.54
1977	6.79	2.65
1976	6.93	2.77
1975	7.07	2.77
1974	7.17	2.88
1973	7.24	2.84
1972	7.28	2.87
1971	7.3	2.9
1970	7.31	2.84
1969	7.34	2.86
1968	7.37	2.87
1967	7.39	2.94
1966	7.41	2.91
1965	7.38	2.94
1964	7.33	3.01
1963	7.24	2.88
1962	7.1	2.8
1961	6.96	2.77
1960	6.82	2.86

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Mongolia was 2.7 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.12 in Spain in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Mongolia vs Spain population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Mongolia

Spain

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Mongolia	Spain
2023	46,995	-111,211
2022	47,730	-133,801
2021	52,109	-113,865
2020	60,888	-151,551
2019	61,433	-56,542
2018	60,635	-56,139
2017	57,940	-32,600
2016	62,086	0
2015	64,473	-4,642
2014	66,078	32,522
2013	62,618	37,284
2012	55,942	51,450
2011	50,711	84,137
2010	44,914	102,469
2009	48,876	106,635
2008	45,843	133,267
2007	39,636	108,545
2006	33,609	110,994
2005	29,290	78,576
2004	28,418	85,844
2003	28,827	54,844
2002	30,439	53,861
2001	32,052	44,936
2000	32,753	36,512
1999	32,283	8,077
1998	31,757	4,022
1997	32,403	20,028
1996	33,741	11,967
1995	34,473	15,889
1994	34,711	31,639
1993	36,924	47,234
1992	42,437	62,652
1991	47,884	58,450
1990	49,443	66,075
1989	51,420	81,538
1988	51,588	100,794
1987	51,140	116,054
1986	50,329	131,188
1985	49,944	146,184
1984	48,562	172,487
1983	46,919	183,223
1982	45,179	231,714
1981	43,588	237,879
1980	42,343	281,184
1979	41,568	312,407
1978	40,276	339,157
1977	38,995	361,465
1976	37,670	375,834
1975	36,490	371,882
1974	35,297	396,182
1973	33,993	374,381
1972	32,727	391,030
1971	31,536	369,625
1970	30,558	378,723
1969	29,781	367,851
1968	29,017	387,423
1967	28,178	402,001
1966	27,338	397,084
1965	26,364	405,819
1964	25,317	429,885
1963	24,142	394,338
1962	22,960	384,690
1961	21,873	396,537
1960	20,726	398,960

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +1.35% in Mongolia and -0.23% in Spain.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +1.81% in Mongolia and -0.13% in Spain.

Birth rate in Mongolia vs Spain by year

Chart Table

Mongolia

Spain

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Mongolia	Spain
2023	19	6.7
2022	19.5	6.9
2021	21.6	7.1
2020	23.4	7.2
2019	24.4	7.6
2018	24.5	7.9
2017	23.9	8.4
2016	25.9	8.8
2015	27.1	9
2014	28	9.2
2013	27.5	9.1
2012	26	9.7
2011	25.1	10.1
2010	23.1	10.4
2009	24.8	10.6
2008	23.9	11.3
2007	21.9	10.9
2006	20	10.8
2005	18.6	10.6
2004	18.4	10.6
2003	18.6	10.4
2002	19.4	10.1
2001	20.3	9.9
2000	20.8	9.8
1999	21.1	9.4
1998	21.4	9.1
1997	22.2	9.2
1996	23.3	9.1
1995	24	9.1
1994	24.5	9.4
1993	25.8	9.8
1992	28.8	10.1
1991	31.9	10.2
1990	34.1	10.3
1989	35.3	10.5
1988	36.4	10.8
1987	37.2	11
1986	37.7	11.4
1985	38.5	11.9
1984	38.7	12.3
1983	38.6	12.7
1982	38.5	13.6
1981	38.4	14.1
1980	38.4	15.2
1979	38.7	16.2
1978	38.9	17.3
1977	39	18
1976	39.1	18.7
1975	39.3	18.7
1974	39.5	19.5
1973	39.6	19.2
1972	39.8	19.4
1971	40	19.6
1970	40.4	19.5
1969	40.9	19.9
1968	41.6	20.1
1967	42.3	20.7
1966	43.1	20.7
1965	43.6	21.1
1964	44	22
1963	44.2	21.4
1962	44.1	21.1
1961	44.2	21.2
1960	44.1	21.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 19 in Mongolia and 6.7 in Spain, compared with 44.1 and 21.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Mongolia

Factual

UN forecast

Spain

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Mongolia	Spain
2100	16.3%	11.6%
2099	16.4%	11.6%
2098	16.4%	11.7%
2097	16.5%	11.7%
2096	16.6%	11.7%
2095	16.7%	11.8%
2094	16.8%	11.8%
2093	16.9%	11.9%
2092	17%	11.9%
2091	17.2%	11.9%
2090	17.3%	12%
2089	17.4%	12%
2088	17.6%	12%
2087	17.7%	12.1%
2086	17.9%	12.1%
2085	18%	12.1%
2084	18.1%	12%
2083	18.2%	12%
2082	18.3%	12%
2081	18.4%	11.9%
2080	18.5%	11.9%
2079	18.6%	11.8%
2078	18.6%	11.7%
2077	18.7%	11.6%
2076	18.7%	11.6%
2075	18.7%	11.5%
2074	18.7%	11.4%
2073	18.8%	11.3%
2072	18.8%	11.2%
2071	18.9%	11.2%
2070	18.9%	11.1%
2069	19%	11.1%
2068	19.1%	11%
2067	19.3%	11%
2066	19.4%	11%
2065	19.6%	11%
2064	19.8%	11%
2063	20.1%	11.1%
2062	20.4%	11.1%
2061	20.7%	11.2%
2060	21%	11.2%
2059	21.3%	11.3%
2058	21.6%	11.4%
2057	21.9%	11.4%
2056	22.2%	11.5%
2055	22.5%	11.5%
2054	22.7%	11.5%
2053	23%	11.5%
2052	23.1%	11.5%
2051	23.3%	11.5%
2050	23.3%	11.5%
2049	23.4%	11.4%
2048	23.4%	11.4%
2047	23.3%	11.3%
2046	23.3%	11.2%
2045	23.2%	11.1%
2044	23.1%	11.1%
2043	23%	11%
2042	22.9%	10.9%
2041	22.8%	10.9%
2040	22.8%	10.8%
2039	22.9%	10.8%
2038	23%	10.7%
2037	23.3%	10.7%
2036	23.6%	10.7%
2035	24%	10.7%
2034	24.6%	10.8%
2033	25.2%	10.9%
2032	25.9%	11.1%
2031	26.8%	11.3%
2030	27.8%	11.5%
2029	28.8%	11.7%
2028	29.7%	11.9%
2027	30.5%	12.2%
2026	31.2%	12.5%
2025	31.9%	12.8%
2024	32.2%	12.9%
2023	32.6%	13.3%
2022	32.9%	13.6%
2021	32.9%	13.9%
2020	32.8%	14.2%
2019	32.3%	14.4%
2018	31.6%	14.7%
2017	30.9%	14.8%
2016	30.2%	14.9%
2015	29.5%	15%
2014	28.9%	15.1%
2013	28.5%	15.1%
2012	28.1%	15.1%
2011	28%	15%
2010	27.9%	14.9%
2009	27.9%	14.8%
2008	28.1%	14.7%
2007	28.5%	14.6%
2006	29.1%	14.5%
2005	29.9%	14.5%
2004	30.8%	14.5%
2003	31.8%	14.5%
2002	32.9%	14.6%
2001	34.1%	14.7%
2000	35.2%	14.8%
1999	36.2%	15%
1998	37%	15.3%
1997	37.8%	15.7%
1996	38.4%	16.1%
1995	39%	16.6%
1994	39.5%	17.2%
1993	40%	17.8%
1992	40.5%	18.4%
1991	41%	19.1%
1990	41.4%	19.8%
1989	41.7%	20.5%
1988	41.8%	21.2%
1987	42%	21.9%
1986	42.1%	22.5%
1985	42.3%	23.2%
1984	42.5%	23.8%
1983	42.7%	24.4%
1982	43%	24.9%
1981	43.3%	25.5%
1980	43.7%	26%
1979	44.1%	26.4%
1978	44.5%	26.8%
1977	44.8%	27%
1976	45.2%	27.2%
1975	45.4%	27.3%
1974	45.6%	27.5%
1973	45.8%	27.7%
1972	45.8%	27.8%
1971	45.8%	27.8%
1970	45.6%	27.9%
1969	45.4%	27.8%
1968	44.9%	27.8%
1967	44.2%	27.7%
1966	43.3%	27.6%
1965	42.4%	27.5%
1964	41.4%	27.4%
1963	40.4%	27.4%
1962	39.6%	27.4%
1961	38.8%	27.4%
1960	38.1%	27.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 32.2% of the population in Mongolia and 12.9% in Spain in 2024, compared to 41.4% and 19.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Mongolia and Spain compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Mongolia vs Spain

Chart Table

Mongolia

Spain

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Mongolia	Spain
2023	41	3
2022	41	4
2021	63	4
2020	47	4
2019	45	3
2018	45	3
2017	45	3
2016	48	3
2015	52	4
2014	56	4
2013	59	4
2012	63	4
2011	67	4
2010	71	4
2009	75	4
2008	77	4
2007	81	4
2006	90	4
2005	99	5
2004	108	5
2003	114	4
2002	120	5
2001	130	5
2000	144	5
1999	162	5
1998	174	5
1997	180	5
1996	178	6
1995	176	6
1994	178	6
1993	181	6
1992	199	6
1991	227	6
1990	276	6
1989	311	7
1988	335	7
1987	341	7
1986	346	7
1985	352	6

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 41 deaths per 100,000 live births in Mongolia, compared to 3 deaths in Spain.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Mongolia

Spain

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Mongolia	Spain
2023	1.36%	0.31%
2022	1.39%	0.31%
2021	1.43%	0.31%
2020	1.48%	0.32%
2019	1.56%	0.32%
2018	1.64%	0.32%
2017	1.74%	0.32%
2016	1.84%	0.33%
2015	1.94%	0.33%
2014	2.04%	0.34%
2013	2.15%	0.35%
2012	2.28%	0.36%
2011	2.44%	0.37%
2010	2.63%	0.38%
2009	2.85%	0.4%
2008	3.11%	0.42%
2007	3.39%	0.44%
2006	3.71%	0.45%
2005	4.07%	0.47%
2004	4.45%	0.49%
2003	4.87%	0.5%
2002	5.32%	0.51%
2001	5.8%	0.53%
2000	6.29%	0.54%
1999	6.78%	0.56%
1998	7.27%	0.58%
1997	7.74%	0.61%
1996	8.19%	0.65%
1995	8.6%	0.69%
1994	9%	0.74%
1993	9.39%	0.79%
1992	9.78%	0.83%
1991	10.2%	0.88%
1990	10.7%	0.92%
1989	11.1%	0.95%
1988	11.7%	0.99%
1987	12.2%	1.03%
1986	12.8%	1.07%
1985	13.4%	1.11%
1984	13.9%	1.17%
1983	14.4%	1.23%
1982	15%	1.3%
1981	15.5%	1.38%
1980	16.1%	1.49%
1979	16.7%	1.61%
1978	17.3%	1.74%
1977	-	1.87%
1976	-	2.02%
1975	-	2.17%
1974	-	2.33%
1973	-	2.52%
1972	-	2.72%
1971	-	2.94%
1970	-	3.16%
1969	-	3.39%
1968	-	3.61%
1967	-	3.83%
1966	-	4.03%
1965	-	4.23%
1964	-	4.45%
1963	-	4.68%
1962	-	4.94%
1961	-	5.2%
1960	-	5.47%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.36% in Mongolia and 0.31% in Spain. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.