Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Turkey

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Turkey by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Turkey

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Turkey
2023	1.31	1.51
2022	1.41	1.63
2021	1.61	1.71
2020	1.58	1.77
2019	1.66	1.89
2018	1.67	2
2017	1.59	2.08
2016	1.6	2.11
2015	1.58	2.16
2014	1.54	2.19
2013	1.52	2.11
2012	1.56	2.11
2011	1.61	2.05
2010	1.72	2.08
2009	1.7	2.1
2008	1.72	2.15
2007	1.69	2.16
2006	1.58	2.19
2005	1.52	2.2
2004	1.47	2.2
2003	1.37	2.2
2002	1.36	2.27
2001	1.32	2.39
2000	1.36	2.49
1999	1.3	2.63
1998	1.28	2.71
1997	1.32	2.74
1996	1.37	2.78
1995	1.38	2.84
1994	1.42	2.87
1993	1.49	2.92
1992	1.71	2.94
1991	1.8	3
1990	2.05	3.11
1989	2.22	3.34
1988	2.27	3.45
1987	2.27	3.54
1986	2.18	3.66
1985	2.13	3.78
1984	2.17	3.91
1983	2.16	4.06
1982	2.07	4.21
1981	2.07	4.35
1980	2.02	4.45
1979	2	4.58
1978	2.02	4.69
1977	2.06	4.78
1976	2.07	4.93
1975	2.04	5.09
1974	2.07	5.24
1973	2.06	5.41
1972	2.13	5.55
1971	2.19	5.67
1970	2.17	5.78
1969	2.13	5.87
1968	2.03	5.96
1967	1.9	6.06
1966	1.87	6.15
1965	1.88	6.22
1964	1.94	6.29
1963	1.89	6.34
1962	1.95	6.38
1961	1.98	6.42
1960	1.98	6.38

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.51 in Turkey in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Turkey population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Turkey

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Turkey
2023	-5,070	426,630
2022	-5,665	535,373
2021	-5,324	521,713
2020	-2,659	608,708
2019	-1,327	751,472
2018	-1,322	830,353
2017	-1,713	875,408
2016	-1,316	895,841
2015	-1,315	930,799
2014	-1,972	957,055
2013	-1,713	921,386
2012	-1,455	917,145
2011	-531	875,839
2010	0	892,334
2009	-400	900,491
2008	-668	868,749
2007	-1,608	876,626
2006	-2,559	897,351
2005	-2,981	898,650
2004	-3,679	896,025
2003	-5,072	893,683
2002	-5,380	922,927
2001	-5,830	980,560
2000	-5,309	1,020,515
1999	-6,117	1,063,312
1998	-7,208	1,103,242
1997	-6,018	1,099,738
1996	-5,662	1,091,827
1995	-7,327	1,090,630
1994	-8,044	1,078,208
1993	-5,976	1,064,168
1992	-1,993	1,039,125
1991	-312	1,041,229
1990	2,825	1,044,467
1989	5,803	1,094,036
1988	6,404	1,101,266
1987	6,829	1,099,042
1986	6,160	1,102,660
1985	4,281	1,098,846
1984	5,163	1,096,529
1983	5,884	1,095,106
1982	5,244	1,091,863
1981	4,612	1,100,082
1980	3,989	1,090,538
1979	3,818	1,076,707
1978	4,088	1,054,863
1977	4,931	1,023,779
1976	4,319	1,009,999
1975	4,717	1,012,904
1974	5,956	1,020,053
1973	5,623	1,025,675
1972	6,267	1,023,781
1971	7,160	1,014,165
1970	6,257	991,950
1969	5,515	970,958
1968	5,592	950,778
1967	5,012	936,727
1966	4,842	925,790
1965	5,437	904,016
1964	6,897	884,152
1963	6,043	862,626
1962	6,457	837,473
1961	7,228	816,911
1960	7,511	773,009

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +0.5% in Turkey.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +0.91% in Turkey.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Turkey by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Turkey

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Turkey
2023	8	11.2
2022	8.6	12.2
2021	10	12.9
2020	9.9	13.4
2019	10.6	14.4
2018	10.9	15.4
2017	10.5	16.2
2016	10.7	16.6
2015	10.6	17.1
2014	10.3	17.5
2013	10.3	17
2012	10.6	17.2
2011	11.1	16.9
2010	11.9	17.2
2009	11.8	17.6
2008	12	18.2
2007	11.8	18.4
2006	11	18.7
2005	10.6	18.8
2004	10.3	18.9
2003	9.5	18.9
2002	9.4	19.5
2001	9.1	20.6
2000	9.4	21.4
1999	9	22.6
1998	8.8	23.3
1997	9	23.5
1996	9.4	23.7
1995	9.4	24.1
1994	9.7	24.3
1993	10.2	24.4
1992	11.8	24.4
1991	12.4	24.9
1990	14.2	25.5
1989	15.5	26.9
1988	16	27.7
1987	16.2	28.3
1986	15.7	29
1985	15.5	29.7
1984	16	30.4
1983	16	31.2
1982	15.4	32
1981	15.4	33.1
1980	15	33.7
1979	14.9	34.2
1978	15	34.5
1977	15.2	34.7
1976	15.1	35.3
1975	14.9	36.2
1974	15.1	37.3
1973	15.1	38.4
1972	15.6	39.3
1971	16.1	40.1
1970	15.8	40.6
1969	15.4	41
1968	14.9	41.5
1967	14.2	42.1
1966	14.2	42.9
1965	14.6	43.4
1964	15.4	43.9
1963	15.3	44.3
1962	16.1	44.7
1961	16.5	45.2
1960	16.7	45

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 11.2 in Turkey, compared with 16.7 and 45, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Turkey

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Turkey
2100	11.7%	11%
2099	11.7%	11%
2098	11.8%	11.1%
2097	11.9%	11.1%
2096	11.9%	11.2%
2095	12%	11.2%
2094	12.1%	11.3%
2093	12.2%	11.4%
2092	12.3%	11.4%
2091	12.4%	11.5%
2090	12.4%	11.6%
2089	12.5%	11.6%
2088	12.5%	11.7%
2087	12.6%	11.7%
2086	12.6%	11.8%
2085	12.6%	11.8%
2084	12.5%	11.9%
2083	12.5%	11.9%
2082	12.4%	11.9%
2081	12.3%	11.9%
2080	12.3%	11.9%
2079	12.2%	12%
2078	12.1%	12%
2077	12%	12%
2076	11.9%	12%
2075	11.8%	12%
2074	11.7%	12%
2073	11.7%	12%
2072	11.6%	12.1%
2071	11.6%	12.1%
2070	11.6%	12.2%
2069	11.6%	12.2%
2068	11.7%	12.3%
2067	11.7%	12.4%
2066	11.8%	12.5%
2065	11.9%	12.7%
2064	12.1%	12.8%
2063	12.2%	13%
2062	12.4%	13.1%
2061	12.5%	13.3%
2060	12.7%	13.5%
2059	12.8%	13.7%
2058	12.9%	13.8%
2057	13%	14%
2056	13.1%	14.2%
2055	13.2%	14.3%
2054	13.2%	14.5%
2053	13.2%	14.6%
2052	13.2%	14.7%
2051	13.1%	14.9%
2050	13%	15%
2049	12.9%	15.1%
2048	12.8%	15.2%
2047	12.7%	15.3%
2046	12.5%	15.4%
2045	12.4%	15.5%
2044	12.3%	15.6%
2043	12.1%	15.7%
2042	12%	15.8%
2041	11.9%	15.9%
2040	11.9%	16%
2039	11.8%	16.1%
2038	11.8%	16.3%
2037	11.9%	16.4%
2036	12.1%	16.6%
2035	12.3%	16.9%
2034	12.6%	17.2%
2033	12.9%	17.6%
2032	13.2%	18%
2031	13.6%	18.4%
2030	13.9%	18.9%
2029	14.2%	19.4%
2028	14.4%	19.9%
2027	14.7%	20.3%
2026	15%	20.8%
2025	15.5%	21.2%
2024	15.6%	21.4%
2023	16%	21.8%
2022	16.2%	22.2%
2021	16.4%	22.5%
2020	16.4%	22.8%
2019	16.4%	23%
2018	16.4%	23.1%
2017	16.3%	23.3%
2016	16.2%	23.6%
2015	16%	23.9%
2014	15.9%	24.3%
2013	15.7%	24.7%
2012	15.6%	25.1%
2011	15.4%	25.5%
2010	15.2%	25.9%
2009	15%	26.3%
2008	14.9%	26.7%
2007	14.9%	27.1%
2006	15%	27.5%
2005	15.2%	27.9%
2004	15.6%	28.3%
2003	16.1%	28.7%
2002	16.6%	29.2%
2001	17.2%	29.7%
2000	17.6%	30.2%
1999	18.4%	30.8%
1998	19.2%	31.4%
1997	19.8%	32%
1996	20.3%	32.6%
1995	20.7%	33.2%
1994	21.1%	33.8%
1993	21.4%	34.3%
1992	21.8%	34.8%
1991	22.1%	35.3%
1990	22.3%	35.8%
1989	22.3%	36.3%
1988	22.2%	36.7%
1987	22.2%	37.2%
1986	22.1%	37.6%
1985	22.1%	38.1%
1984	22.1%	38.5%
1983	22%	38.9%
1982	21.9%	39.3%
1981	21.8%	39.6%
1980	21.7%	39.8%
1979	21.6%	40.1%
1978	21.5%	40.4%
1977	21.5%	40.7%
1976	21.6%	41.1%
1975	21.6%	41.5%
1974	21.8%	41.8%
1973	21.9%	42.1%
1972	22%	42.3%
1971	22%	42.5%
1970	22.1%	42.7%
1969	22.1%	42.8%
1968	22.2%	42.9%
1967	22.3%	42.9%
1966	22.6%	42.8%
1965	22.8%	42.8%
1964	23%	42.7%
1963	23.2%	42.5%
1962	23.3%	42.4%
1961	23.3%	42.2%
1960	23.1%	42%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 21.4% in Turkey in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 35.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Turkey compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Turkey

Chart Table

Estonia

Turkey

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Turkey
2023	5	15
2022	7	21
2021	8	20
2020	6	19
2019	6	17
2018	5	17
2017	5	18
2016	7	19
2015	6	19
2014	7	20
2013	6	20
2012	8	21
2011	9	23
2010	8	23
2009	10	23
2008	11	24
2007	13	25
2006	13	26
2005	15	27
2004	15	28
2003	18	29
2002	22	30
2001	25	31
2000	27	32
1999	28	34
1998	32	34
1997	31	35
1996	36	36
1995	45	37
1994	60	38
1993	46	39
1992	40	40
1991	42	41
1990	44	42
1989	48	44
1988	43	47
1987	42	50
1986	46	53
1985	56	56

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 15 deaths in Turkey.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Turkey

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Turkey
2023	0.21%	1.28%
2022	0.22%	0.96%
2021	0.23%	1.01%
2020	0.24%	1.05%
2019	0.25%	1.1%
2018	0.27%	1.15%
2017	0.28%	1.2%
2016	0.3%	1.26%
2015	0.32%	1.33%
2014	0.34%	1.4%
2013	0.36%	1.49%
2012	0.39%	1.58%
2011	0.42%	1.68%
2010	0.46%	1.79%
2009	0.5%	1.92%
2008	0.54%	2.06%
2007	0.59%	2.21%
2006	0.65%	2.38%
2005	0.71%	2.57%
2004	0.78%	2.77%
2003	0.85%	2.99%
2002	0.93%	3.22%
2001	1.01%	3.47%
2000	1.1%	3.74%
1999	1.2%	4.03%
1998	1.29%	4.33%
1997	1.39%	4.66%
1996	1.48%	5%
1995	1.57%	5.35%
1994	1.64%	5.73%
1993	1.69%	6.11%
1992	1.73%	6.52%
1991	1.75%	6.95%
1990	1.77%	7.38%
1989	1.79%	7.83%
1988	1.81%	8.29%
1987	1.83%	8.77%
1986	1.86%	9.27%
1985	1.91%	9.79%
1984	1.96%	10.3%
1983	2.02%	10.9%
1982	2.09%	11.5%
1981	2.16%	12.1%
1980	2.24%	12.7%
1979	-	13.3%
1978	-	13.9%
1977	-	14.5%
1976	-	15.1%
1975	-	15.7%
1974	-	16.3%
1973	-	16.9%
1972	-	17.5%
1971	-	18%
1970	-	18.6%
1969	-	19.2%
1968	-	19.7%
1967	-	20.4%
1966	-	21%
1965	-	21.7%
1964	-	22.5%
1963	-	23.3%
1962	-	24.1%
1961	-	25%
1960	-	25.8%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 1.28% in Turkey. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.