Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and India

Fertility rate in Estonia vs India by year

Chart Table

Estonia

India

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	India
2023	1.31	1.98
2022	1.41	1.99
2021	1.61	2.01
2020	1.58	2.05
2019	1.66	2.12
2018	1.67	2.18
2017	1.59	2.19
2016	1.6	2.28
2015	1.58	2.29
2014	1.54	2.29
2013	1.52	2.4
2012	1.56	2.47
2011	1.61	2.53
2010	1.72	2.6
2009	1.7	2.67
2008	1.72	2.71
2007	1.69	2.78
2006	1.58	2.87
2005	1.52	2.96
2004	1.47	3.05
2003	1.37	3.12
2002	1.36	3.22
2001	1.32	3.3
2000	1.36	3.35
1999	1.3	3.38
1998	1.28	3.45
1997	1.32	3.51
1996	1.37	3.58
1995	1.38	3.65
1994	1.42	3.72
1993	1.49	3.8
1992	1.71	3.88
1991	1.8	3.96
1990	2.05	4.05
1989	2.22	4.13
1988	2.27	4.22
1987	2.27	4.31
1986	2.18	4.4
1985	2.13	4.43
1984	2.17	4.52
1983	2.16	4.57
1982	2.07	4.62
1981	2.07	4.7
1980	2.02	4.78
1979	2	4.81
1978	2.02	4.89
1977	2.06	5.01
1976	2.07	5.13
1975	2.04	5.2
1974	2.07	5.33
1973	2.06	5.4
1972	2.13	5.48
1971	2.19	5.57
1970	2.17	5.62
1969	2.13	5.68
1968	2.03	5.76
1967	1.9	5.83
1966	1.87	5.88
1965	1.88	5.94
1964	1.94	5.98
1963	1.89	5.97
1962	1.95	5.95
1961	1.98	5.94
1960	1.98	5.92

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.98 in India in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs India population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

India

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	India
2023	-5,070	13,711,993
2022	-5,665	13,912,130
2021	-5,324	10,227,523
2020	-2,659	13,366,946
2019	-1,327	14,859,846
2018	-1,322	15,451,168
2017	-1,713	15,394,041
2016	-1,316	16,202,593
2015	-1,315	16,211,195
2014	-1,972	16,165,943
2013	-1,713	17,107,541
2012	-1,455	17,552,365
2011	-531	17,793,362
2010	0	17,991,935
2009	-400	18,286,055
2008	-668	18,234,926
2007	-1,608	18,331,648
2006	-2,559	18,641,737
2005	-2,981	19,034,839
2004	-3,679	19,469,758
2003	-5,072	19,720,507
2002	-5,380	20,024,621
2001	-5,830	20,182,573
2000	-5,309	19,984,160
1999	-6,117	19,648,424
1998	-7,208	19,569,575
1997	-6,018	19,494,098
1996	-5,662	19,442,699
1995	-7,327	19,396,161
1994	-8,044	19,310,798
1993	-5,976	19,152,399
1992	-1,993	19,132,757
1991	-312	19,049,524
1990	2,825	18,893,588
1989	5,803	18,848,915
1988	6,404	18,702,916
1987	6,829	18,496,213
1986	6,160	18,455,495
1985	4,281	17,968,697
1984	5,163	17,698,810
1983	5,884	17,219,127
1982	5,244	16,790,507
1981	4,612	16,422,159
1980	3,989	16,018,786
1979	3,818	15,392,957
1978	4,088	14,898,145
1977	4,931	14,575,662
1976	4,319	14,435,504
1975	4,717	13,958,642
1974	5,956	13,795,836
1973	5,623	13,412,707
1972	6,267	13,041,792
1971	7,160	12,787,104
1970	6,257	12,417,866
1969	5,515	12,167,671
1968	5,592	12,006,807
1967	5,012	11,279,897
1966	4,842	11,089,894
1965	5,437	10,925,714
1964	6,897	11,285,378
1963	6,043	11,016,705
1962	6,457	10,743,409
1961	7,228	10,468,816
1960	7,511	10,237,489

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +0.95% in India.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +1.06% in India.

Birth rate in Estonia vs India by year

Chart Table

Estonia

India

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	India
2023	8	16.1
2022	8.6	16.3
2021	10	16.5
2020	9.9	16.7
2019	10.6	17.4
2018	10.9	17.9
2017	10.5	18
2016	10.7	18.8
2015	10.6	18.9
2014	10.3	19.1
2013	10.3	20.1
2012	10.6	20.7
2011	11.1	21.2
2010	11.9	21.6
2009	11.8	22.2
2008	12	22.5
2007	11.8	22.9
2006	11	23.6
2005	10.6	24.3
2004	10.3	25.1
2003	9.5	25.8
2002	9.4	26.5
2001	9.1	27.2
2000	9.4	27.5
1999	9	27.7
1998	8.8	28.2
1997	9	28.7
1996	9.4	29.2
1995	9.4	29.8
1994	9.7	30.3
1993	10.2	30.8
1992	11.8	31.4
1991	12.4	32
1990	14.2	32.6
1989	15.5	33.3
1988	16	33.9
1987	16.2	34.4
1986	15.7	35.2
1985	15.5	35.4
1984	16	35.9
1983	16	36.1
1982	15.4	36.4
1981	15.4	36.8
1980	15	37.1
1979	14.9	37
1978	15	37.1
1977	15.2	37.6
1976	15.1	38.2
1975	14.9	38.4
1974	15.1	39
1973	15.1	39.3
1972	15.6	39.5
1971	16.1	39.7
1970	15.8	39.8
1969	15.4	40.1
1968	14.9	40.5
1967	14.2	40.8
1966	14.2	41.2
1965	14.6	41.7
1964	15.4	42.1
1963	15.3	42.3
1962	16.1	42.5
1961	16.5	42.7
1960	16.7	42.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 16.1 in India, compared with 16.7 and 42.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

India

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	India
2100	11.7%	13.8%
2099	11.7%	13.8%
2098	11.8%	13.8%
2097	11.9%	13.9%
2096	11.9%	13.9%
2095	12%	13.9%
2094	12.1%	13.9%
2093	12.2%	14%
2092	12.3%	14%
2091	12.4%	14%
2090	12.4%	14.1%
2089	12.5%	14.1%
2088	12.5%	14.2%
2087	12.6%	14.2%
2086	12.6%	14.2%
2085	12.6%	14.3%
2084	12.5%	14.4%
2083	12.5%	14.4%
2082	12.4%	14.5%
2081	12.3%	14.6%
2080	12.3%	14.6%
2079	12.2%	14.7%
2078	12.1%	14.8%
2077	12%	14.8%
2076	11.9%	14.9%
2075	11.8%	15%
2074	11.7%	15.1%
2073	11.7%	15.2%
2072	11.6%	15.2%
2071	11.6%	15.3%
2070	11.6%	15.4%
2069	11.6%	15.5%
2068	11.7%	15.6%
2067	11.7%	15.6%
2066	11.8%	15.7%
2065	11.9%	15.8%
2064	12.1%	15.9%
2063	12.2%	16%
2062	12.4%	16.1%
2061	12.5%	16.2%
2060	12.7%	16.3%
2059	12.8%	16.4%
2058	12.9%	16.6%
2057	13%	16.7%
2056	13.1%	16.8%
2055	13.2%	17%
2054	13.2%	17.2%
2053	13.2%	17.3%
2052	13.2%	17.5%
2051	13.1%	17.7%
2050	13%	17.9%
2049	12.9%	18.1%
2048	12.8%	18.3%
2047	12.7%	18.5%
2046	12.5%	18.7%
2045	12.4%	18.9%
2044	12.3%	19.2%
2043	12.1%	19.4%
2042	12%	19.6%
2041	11.9%	19.8%
2040	11.9%	20%
2039	11.8%	20.3%
2038	11.8%	20.5%
2037	11.9%	20.7%
2036	12.1%	20.9%
2035	12.3%	21.1%
2034	12.6%	21.4%
2033	12.9%	21.7%
2032	13.2%	21.9%
2031	13.6%	22.2%
2030	13.9%	22.5%
2029	14.2%	22.8%
2028	14.4%	23.2%
2027	14.7%	23.6%
2026	15%	24%
2025	15.5%	24.4%
2024	15.6%	24.6%
2023	16%	25.1%
2022	16.2%	25.5%
2021	16.4%	25.9%
2020	16.4%	26.3%
2019	16.4%	26.8%
2018	16.4%	27.3%
2017	16.3%	27.8%
2016	16.2%	28.4%
2015	16%	28.9%
2014	15.9%	29.4%
2013	15.7%	29.9%
2012	15.6%	30.4%
2011	15.4%	30.9%
2010	15.2%	31.3%
2009	15%	31.8%
2008	14.9%	32.2%
2007	14.9%	32.7%
2006	15%	33.1%
2005	15.2%	33.6%
2004	15.6%	34%
2003	16.1%	34.4%
2002	16.6%	34.8%
2001	17.2%	35.2%
2000	17.6%	35.6%
1999	18.4%	35.9%
1998	19.2%	36.3%
1997	19.8%	36.7%
1996	20.3%	37%
1995	20.7%	37.3%
1994	21.1%	37.6%
1993	21.4%	37.9%
1992	21.8%	38.1%
1991	22.1%	38.4%
1990	22.3%	38.6%
1989	22.3%	38.8%
1988	22.2%	38.9%
1987	22.2%	39.1%
1986	22.1%	39.2%
1985	22.1%	39.3%
1984	22.1%	39.4%
1983	22%	39.5%
1982	21.9%	39.6%
1981	21.8%	39.7%
1980	21.7%	39.8%
1979	21.6%	40%
1978	21.5%	40.1%
1977	21.5%	40.3%
1976	21.6%	40.5%
1975	21.6%	40.7%
1974	21.8%	40.8%
1973	21.9%	41%
1972	22%	41.1%
1971	22%	41.2%
1970	22.1%	41.4%
1969	22.1%	41.5%
1968	22.2%	41.5%
1967	22.3%	41.6%
1966	22.6%	41.7%
1965	22.8%	41.7%
1964	23%	41.6%
1963	23.2%	41.5%
1962	23.3%	41.2%
1961	23.3%	40.9%
1960	23.1%	40.6%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 24.6% in India in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 38.6% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and India compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs India

Chart Table

Estonia

India

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	India
2023	5	80
2022	7	90
2021	8	155
2020	6	101
2019	6	101
2018	5	107
2017	5	113
2016	7	121
2015	6	129
2014	7	137
2013	6	148
2012	8	160
2011	9	173
2010	8	188
2009	10	205
2008	11	223
2007	13	240
2006	13	258
2005	15	277
2004	15	296
2003	18	313
2002	22	330
2001	25	349
2000	27	362
1999	28	378
1998	32	393
1997	31	407
1996	36	422
1995	45	437
1994	60	451
1993	46	467
1992	40	482
1991	42	498
1990	44	516
1989	48	538
1988	43	562
1987	42	592
1986	46	624
1985	56	658

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 80 deaths in India.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

India

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	India
2023	0.21%	2.77%
2022	0.22%	2.91%
2021	0.23%	3.06%
2020	0.24%	3.24%
2019	0.25%	3.43%
2018	0.27%	3.64%
2017	0.28%	3.87%
2016	0.3%	4.11%
2015	0.32%	4.36%
2014	0.34%	4.63%
2013	0.36%	4.91%
2012	0.39%	5.2%
2011	0.42%	5.5%
2010	0.46%	5.82%
2009	0.5%	6.14%
2008	0.54%	6.46%
2007	0.59%	6.79%
2006	0.65%	7.11%
2005	0.71%	7.44%
2004	0.78%	7.77%
2003	0.85%	8.11%
2002	0.93%	8.45%
2001	1.01%	8.8%
2000	1.1%	9.16%
1999	1.2%	9.53%
1998	1.29%	9.89%
1997	1.39%	10.3%
1996	1.48%	10.6%
1995	1.57%	11%
1994	1.64%	11.3%
1993	1.69%	11.6%
1992	1.73%	12%
1991	1.75%	12.3%
1990	1.77%	12.7%
1989	1.79%	13%
1988	1.81%	13.4%
1987	1.83%	13.8%
1986	1.86%	14.2%
1985	1.91%	14.6%
1984	1.96%	15%
1983	2.02%	15.5%
1982	2.09%	15.9%
1981	2.16%	16.4%
1980	2.24%	16.9%
1979	-	17.5%
1978	-	18%
1977	-	18.6%
1976	-	19.1%
1975	-	19.6%
1974	-	20.1%
1973	-	20.5%
1972	-	20.8%
1971	-	21.2%
1970	-	21.5%
1969	-	21.7%
1968	-	22%
1967	-	22.2%
1966	-	22.4%
1965	-	22.7%
1964	-	22.9%
1963	-	23.2%
1962	-	23.5%
1961	-	23.8%
1960	-	24.1%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 2.77% in India. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.