Estonia has an annual birth rate of 8 births per 1,000 people, compared to 16.1 for India. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.31 in Estonia and 1.98 in India — 50.8% difference.
1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -33.8% in Estonia and by -66.6% in India — in 1960, it was 1.98 and 5.92, respectively.
Birth rates facts compared:
- Estonia is ranked 176/196 by birth rate compared to 93/196 for India.
- The mean age for first-time mothers is 28.7 years in Estonia, compared to 21.2 years in India.
- The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 31.2 in Estonia — it's 27.7 in India.
- Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 5.03 in Estonia vs 14.1 in India.
- In Estonia, 21.1% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 26.3% in India.
- Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +0.95% in India.
Birth rate data compared
Estonia
|
India
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Fertility rate | 1.31 | 1.98 |
| Birth rate | 8 | 16.1 |
| Birth rate rank | 176/196 | 93/196 |
| Age at first childbirth | 28.7 years | 21.2 years |
| Average age at childbearing | 31.2 years | 27.7 years |
| Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 | 4.42 | 12 |
| Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 | 57.3 | 131.1 |
| Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ | 13.5 | 17.9 |
| Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population | 21.1% | 26.3% |
| Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 | 60.9% | 56.4% |
| Share of births attended by skilled health staff | 99.6% | 89.4% |
| Maternal mortality per live birth | 0.005% | 0.08% |
| Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) | 0.1% | 1.73% |
| Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) | 0.16% | 2.45% |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births | 0.21% | 2.77% |
| Population change due to births and deaths | -5,070 | +13,711,993 |
| Natural population change rank | 167/196 | 1/196 |
| Natural population change rate | -0.37% | +0.95% |
| Population growth | +0.12% | +0.89% |
| Population growth rank | 157/197 | 109/197 |
| Life expectancy | 79.5 years | 72.5 years |
Fertility rate in Estonia vs India chart
According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.98 in India in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.
Check Estonia vs India population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.
The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.
Estonia
Factual
UN forecast
India
Factual
UN forecast
Births per woman
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
India
|
|
| 1960 | 1.98 | 5.92 |
| 1961 | 1.98 | 5.94 |
| 1962 | 1.95 | 5.95 |
| 1963 | 1.89 | 5.97 |
| 1964 | 1.94 | 5.98 |
| 1965 | 1.88 | 5.94 |
| 1966 | 1.87 | 5.88 |
| 1967 | 1.9 | 5.83 |
| 1968 | 2.03 | 5.76 |
| 1969 | 2.13 | 5.68 |
| 1970 | 2.17 | 5.62 |
| 1971 | 2.19 | 5.57 |
| 1972 | 2.13 | 5.48 |
| 1973 | 2.06 | 5.4 |
| 1974 | 2.07 | 5.33 |
| 1975 | 2.04 | 5.2 |
| 1976 | 2.07 | 5.13 |
| 1977 | 2.06 | 5.01 |
| 1978 | 2.02 | 4.89 |
| 1979 | 2 | 4.81 |
| 1980 | 2.02 | 4.78 |
| 1981 | 2.07 | 4.7 |
| 1982 | 2.07 | 4.62 |
| 1983 | 2.16 | 4.57 |
| 1984 | 2.17 | 4.52 |
| 1985 | 2.13 | 4.43 |
| 1986 | 2.18 | 4.4 |
| 1987 | 2.27 | 4.31 |
| 1988 | 2.27 | 4.22 |
| 1989 | 2.22 | 4.13 |
| 1990 | 2.05 | 4.05 |
| 1991 | 1.8 | 3.96 |
| 1992 | 1.71 | 3.88 |
| 1993 | 1.49 | 3.8 |
| 1994 | 1.42 | 3.72 |
| 1995 | 1.38 | 3.65 |
| 1996 | 1.37 | 3.58 |
| 1997 | 1.32 | 3.51 |
| 1998 | 1.28 | 3.45 |
| 1999 | 1.3 | 3.38 |
| 2000 | 1.36 | 3.35 |
| 2001 | 1.32 | 3.3 |
| 2002 | 1.36 | 3.22 |
| 2003 | 1.37 | 3.12 |
| 2004 | 1.47 | 3.05 |
| 2005 | 1.52 | 2.96 |
| 2006 | 1.58 | 2.87 |
| 2007 | 1.69 | 2.78 |
| 2008 | 1.72 | 2.71 |
| 2009 | 1.7 | 2.67 |
| 2010 | 1.72 | 2.6 |
| 2011 | 1.61 | 2.53 |
| 2012 | 1.56 | 2.47 |
| 2013 | 1.52 | 2.4 |
| 2014 | 1.54 | 2.29 |
| 2015 | 1.58 | 2.29 |
| 2016 | 1.6 | 2.28 |
| 2017 | 1.59 | 2.19 |
| 2018 | 1.67 | 2.18 |
| 2019 | 1.66 | 2.12 |
| 2020 | 1.58 | 2.05 |
| 2021 | 1.61 | 2.01 |
| 2022 | 1.41 | 1.99 |
| 2023 | 1.31 | 1.98 |
| 2024 | 1.32 | 1.96 |
| 2025 | 1.33 | 1.94 |
| 2026 | 1.34 | 1.93 |
| 2027 | 1.35 | 1.91 |
| 2028 | 1.36 | 1.9 |
| 2029 | 1.37 | 1.89 |
| 2030 | 1.38 | 1.88 |
| 2031 | 1.39 | 1.87 |
| 2032 | 1.39 | 1.86 |
| 2033 | 1.4 | 1.85 |
| 2034 | 1.4 | 1.84 |
| 2035 | 1.41 | 1.84 |
| 2036 | 1.41 | 1.83 |
| 2037 | 1.42 | 1.82 |
| 2038 | 1.42 | 1.81 |
| 2039 | 1.42 | 1.81 |
| 2040 | 1.43 | 1.8 |
| 2041 | 1.43 | 1.8 |
| 2042 | 1.44 | 1.79 |
| 2043 | 1.44 | 1.79 |
| 2044 | 1.44 | 1.78 |
| 2045 | 1.45 | 1.78 |
| 2046 | 1.45 | 1.78 |
| 2047 | 1.46 | 1.77 |
| 2048 | 1.46 | 1.77 |
| 2049 | 1.46 | 1.77 |
| 2050 | 1.46 | 1.76 |
Children 0-14 years as share of population
Estonia
Factual
UN forecast
India
Factual
UN forecast
| Year | Share of people 0-14 years old | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
India
|
|
| 1960 | 23.1% | 40.6% |
| 1961 | 23.3% | 40.9% |
| 1962 | 23.3% | 41.2% |
| 1963 | 23.2% | 41.5% |
| 1964 | 23% | 41.6% |
| 1965 | 22.8% | 41.7% |
| 1966 | 22.6% | 41.7% |
| 1967 | 22.3% | 41.6% |
| 1968 | 22.2% | 41.5% |
| 1969 | 22.1% | 41.5% |
| 1970 | 22.1% | 41.4% |
| 1971 | 22% | 41.2% |
| 1972 | 22% | 41.1% |
| 1973 | 21.9% | 41% |
| 1974 | 21.8% | 40.8% |
| 1975 | 21.6% | 40.7% |
| 1976 | 21.6% | 40.5% |
| 1977 | 21.5% | 40.3% |
| 1978 | 21.5% | 40.1% |
| 1979 | 21.6% | 40% |
| 1980 | 21.7% | 39.8% |
| 1981 | 21.8% | 39.7% |
| 1982 | 21.9% | 39.6% |
| 1983 | 22% | 39.5% |
| 1984 | 22.1% | 39.4% |
| 1985 | 22.1% | 39.3% |
| 1986 | 22.1% | 39.2% |
| 1987 | 22.2% | 39.1% |
| 1988 | 22.2% | 38.9% |
| 1989 | 22.3% | 38.8% |
| 1990 | 22.3% | 38.6% |
| 1991 | 22.1% | 38.4% |
| 1992 | 21.8% | 38.1% |
| 1993 | 21.4% | 37.9% |
| 1994 | 21.1% | 37.6% |
| 1995 | 20.7% | 37.3% |
| 1996 | 20.3% | 37% |
| 1997 | 19.8% | 36.7% |
| 1998 | 19.2% | 36.3% |
| 1999 | 18.4% | 35.9% |
| 2000 | 17.6% | 35.6% |
| 2001 | 17.2% | 35.2% |
| 2002 | 16.6% | 34.8% |
| 2003 | 16.1% | 34.4% |
| 2004 | 15.6% | 34% |
| 2005 | 15.2% | 33.6% |
| 2006 | 15% | 33.1% |
| 2007 | 14.9% | 32.7% |
| 2008 | 14.9% | 32.2% |
| 2009 | 15% | 31.8% |
| 2010 | 15.2% | 31.3% |
| 2011 | 15.4% | 30.9% |
| 2012 | 15.6% | 30.4% |
| 2013 | 15.7% | 29.9% |
| 2014 | 15.9% | 29.4% |
| 2015 | 16% | 28.9% |
| 2016 | 16.2% | 28.4% |
| 2017 | 16.3% | 27.8% |
| 2018 | 16.4% | 27.3% |
| 2019 | 16.4% | 26.8% |
| 2020 | 16.4% | 26.3% |
| 2021 | 16.4% | 25.9% |
| 2022 | 16.2% | 25.5% |
| 2023 | 16% | 25.1% |
| 2024 | 15.6% | 24.6% |
| 2025 | 15.3% | 24.2% |
| 2026 | 14.9% | 23.8% |
| 2027 | 14.6% | 23.4% |
| 2028 | 14.3% | 23% |
| 2029 | 14% | 22.7% |
| 2030 | 13.7% | 22.4% |
| 2031 | 13.4% | 22.1% |
| 2032 | 13.1% | 21.8% |
| 2033 | 12.8% | 21.5% |
| 2034 | 12.4% | 21.3% |
| 2035 | 12.2% | 21% |
| 2036 | 12% | 20.8% |
| 2037 | 11.8% | 20.6% |
| 2038 | 11.8% | 20.4% |
| 2039 | 11.9% | 20.2% |
| 2040 | 11.9% | 19.9% |
| 2041 | 12% | 19.7% |
| 2042 | 12.1% | 19.5% |
| 2043 | 12.2% | 19.3% |
| 2044 | 12.3% | 19.1% |
| 2045 | 12.5% | 18.8% |
| 2046 | 12.6% | 18.6% |
| 2047 | 12.8% | 18.4% |
| 2048 | 12.9% | 18.2% |
| 2049 | 13% | 18% |
| 2050 | 13.1% | 17.8% |
Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 24.6% in India in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 38.6% respectively in 1990.
Natural population change in Estonia vs India by year
For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.21% in Estonia and +1.06% in India. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.
Estonia
India
Natural population change
| Year | Population change due to births and deaths | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
India
|
|
| 1960 | 7,511 | 10,237,489 |
| 1961 | 7,228 | 10,468,816 |
| 1962 | 6,457 | 10,743,409 |
| 1963 | 6,043 | 11,016,705 |
| 1964 | 6,897 | 11,285,378 |
| 1965 | 5,437 | 10,925,714 |
| 1966 | 4,842 | 11,089,894 |
| 1967 | 5,012 | 11,279,897 |
| 1968 | 5,592 | 12,006,807 |
| 1969 | 5,515 | 12,167,671 |
| 1970 | 6,257 | 12,417,866 |
| 1971 | 7,160 | 12,787,104 |
| 1972 | 6,267 | 13,041,792 |
| 1973 | 5,623 | 13,412,707 |
| 1974 | 5,956 | 13,795,836 |
| 1975 | 4,717 | 13,958,642 |
| 1976 | 4,319 | 14,435,504 |
| 1977 | 4,931 | 14,575,662 |
| 1978 | 4,088 | 14,898,145 |
| 1979 | 3,818 | 15,392,957 |
| 1980 | 3,989 | 16,018,786 |
| 1981 | 4,612 | 16,422,159 |
| 1982 | 5,244 | 16,790,507 |
| 1983 | 5,884 | 17,219,127 |
| 1984 | 5,163 | 17,698,810 |
| 1985 | 4,281 | 17,968,697 |
| 1986 | 6,160 | 18,455,495 |
| 1987 | 6,829 | 18,496,213 |
| 1988 | 6,404 | 18,702,916 |
| 1989 | 5,803 | 18,848,915 |
| 1990 | 2,825 | 18,893,588 |
| 1991 | -312 | 19,049,524 |
| 1992 | -1,993 | 19,132,757 |
| 1993 | -5,976 | 19,152,399 |
| 1994 | -8,044 | 19,310,798 |
| 1995 | -7,327 | 19,396,161 |
| 1996 | -5,662 | 19,442,699 |
| 1997 | -6,018 | 19,494,098 |
| 1998 | -7,208 | 19,569,575 |
| 1999 | -6,117 | 19,648,424 |
| 2000 | -5,309 | 19,984,160 |
| 2001 | -5,830 | 20,182,573 |
| 2002 | -5,380 | 20,024,621 |
| 2003 | -5,072 | 19,720,507 |
| 2004 | -3,679 | 19,469,758 |
| 2005 | -2,981 | 19,034,839 |
| 2006 | -2,559 | 18,641,737 |
| 2007 | -1,608 | 18,331,648 |
| 2008 | -668 | 18,234,926 |
| 2009 | -400 | 18,286,055 |
| 2010 | 0 | 17,991,935 |
| 2011 | -531 | 17,793,362 |
| 2012 | -1,455 | 17,552,365 |
| 2013 | -1,713 | 17,107,541 |
| 2014 | -1,972 | 16,165,943 |
| 2015 | -1,315 | 16,211,195 |
| 2016 | -1,316 | 16,202,593 |
| 2017 | -1,713 | 15,394,041 |
| 2018 | -1,322 | 15,451,168 |
| 2019 | -1,327 | 14,859,846 |
| 2020 | -2,659 | 13,366,946 |
| 2021 | -5,324 | 10,227,523 |
| 2022 | -5,665 | 13,912,130 |
| 2023 | -5,070 | 13,711,993 |
Fertility rates around the globe
Fertility rate
Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs India
The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 80 deaths in India.
Estonia
India
| Year | Maternal mortality per 100K births | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
India
|
|
| 1985 | 56 | 658 |
| 1986 | 46 | 624 |
| 1987 | 42 | 592 |
| 1988 | 43 | 562 |
| 1989 | 48 | 538 |
| 1990 | 44 | 516 |
| 1991 | 42 | 498 |
| 1992 | 40 | 482 |
| 1993 | 46 | 467 |
| 1994 | 60 | 451 |
| 1995 | 45 | 437 |
| 1996 | 36 | 422 |
| 1997 | 31 | 407 |
| 1998 | 32 | 393 |
| 1999 | 28 | 378 |
| 2000 | 27 | 362 |
| 2001 | 25 | 349 |
| 2002 | 22 | 330 |
| 2003 | 18 | 313 |
| 2004 | 15 | 296 |
| 2005 | 15 | 277 |
| 2006 | 13 | 258 |
| 2007 | 13 | 240 |
| 2008 | 11 | 223 |
| 2009 | 10 | 205 |
| 2010 | 8 | 188 |
| 2011 | 9 | 173 |
| 2012 | 8 | 160 |
| 2013 | 6 | 148 |
| 2014 | 7 | 137 |
| 2015 | 6 | 129 |
| 2016 | 7 | 121 |
| 2017 | 5 | 113 |
| 2018 | 5 | 107 |
| 2019 | 6 | 101 |
| 2020 | 6 | 101 |
| 2021 | 8 | 155 |
| 2022 | 7 | 90 |
| 2023 | 5 | 80 |
Under-five mortality rates
The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 2.77% in India. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.
Estonia
India
Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five
| Year | Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
India
|
|
| 1960 | - | 24.1% |
| 1961 | - | 23.8% |
| 1962 | - | 23.5% |
| 1963 | - | 23.2% |
| 1964 | - | 22.9% |
| 1965 | - | 22.7% |
| 1966 | - | 22.4% |
| 1967 | - | 22.2% |
| 1968 | - | 22% |
| 1969 | - | 21.7% |
| 1970 | - | 21.5% |
| 1971 | - | 21.2% |
| 1972 | - | 20.8% |
| 1973 | - | 20.5% |
| 1974 | - | 20.1% |
| 1975 | - | 19.6% |
| 1976 | - | 19.1% |
| 1977 | - | 18.6% |
| 1978 | - | 18% |
| 1979 | - | 17.5% |
| 1980 | 2.24% | 16.9% |
| 1981 | 2.16% | 16.4% |
| 1982 | 2.09% | 15.9% |
| 1983 | 2.02% | 15.5% |
| 1984 | 1.96% | 15% |
| 1985 | 1.91% | 14.6% |
| 1986 | 1.86% | 14.2% |
| 1987 | 1.83% | 13.8% |
| 1988 | 1.81% | 13.4% |
| 1989 | 1.79% | 13% |
| 1990 | 1.77% | 12.7% |
| 1991 | 1.75% | 12.3% |
| 1992 | 1.73% | 12% |
| 1993 | 1.69% | 11.6% |
| 1994 | 1.64% | 11.3% |
| 1995 | 1.57% | 11% |
| 1996 | 1.48% | 10.6% |
| 1997 | 1.39% | 10.3% |
| 1998 | 1.29% | 9.89% |
| 1999 | 1.2% | 9.53% |
| 2000 | 1.1% | 9.16% |
| 2001 | 1.01% | 8.8% |
| 2002 | 0.93% | 8.45% |
| 2003 | 0.85% | 8.11% |
| 2004 | 0.78% | 7.77% |
| 2005 | 0.71% | 7.44% |
| 2006 | 0.65% | 7.11% |
| 2007 | 0.59% | 6.79% |
| 2008 | 0.54% | 6.46% |
| 2009 | 0.5% | 6.14% |
| 2010 | 0.46% | 5.82% |
| 2011 | 0.42% | 5.5% |
| 2012 | 0.39% | 5.2% |
| 2013 | 0.36% | 4.91% |
| 2014 | 0.34% | 4.63% |
| 2015 | 0.32% | 4.36% |
| 2016 | 0.3% | 4.11% |
| 2017 | 0.28% | 3.87% |
| 2018 | 0.27% | 3.64% |
| 2019 | 0.25% | 3.43% |
| 2020 | 0.24% | 3.24% |
| 2021 | 0.23% | 3.06% |
| 2022 | 0.22% | 2.91% |
| 2023 | 0.21% | 2.77% |
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