Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and San Marino

Fertility rate in Estonia vs San Marino chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.15 in San Marino in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs San Marino population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	San Marino
1960	1.98	2.43
1961	1.98	2.68
1962	1.95	2.43
1963	1.89	2.4
1964	1.94	2.37
1965	1.88	2.33
1966	1.87	2.33
1967	1.9	2.31
1968	2.03	2.3
1969	2.13	2.31
1970	2.17	2.32
1971	2.19	2.33
1972	2.13	2.29
1973	2.06	2.23
1974	2.07	2.13
1975	2.04	2.05
1976	2.07	1.95
1977	2.06	1.87
1978	2.02	1.77
1979	2	1.63
1980	2.02	1.53
1981	2.07	1.41
1982	2.07	1.3
1983	2.16	1.25
1984	2.17	1.2
1985	2.13	1.17
1986	2.18	1.15
1987	2.27	1.14
1988	2.27	1.14
1989	2.22	1.15
1990	2.05	1.16
1991	1.8	1.17
1992	1.71	1.15
1993	1.49	1.12
1994	1.42	1.14
1995	1.38	1.17
1996	1.37	1.21
1997	1.32	1.24
1998	1.28	1.26
1999	1.3	1.29
2000	1.36	1.4
2001	1.32	1.52
2002	1.36	1.43
2003	1.37	1.3
2004	1.47	1.3
2005	1.52	1.2
2006	1.58	1.24
2007	1.69	1.26
2008	1.72	1.52
2009	1.7	1.36
2010	1.72	1.46
2011	1.61	1.46
2012	1.56	1.29
2013	1.52	1.48
2014	1.54	1.26
2015	1.58	1.2
2016	1.6	1.13
2017	1.59	1.05
2018	1.67	1.08
2019	1.66	1.1
2020	1.58	1.11
2021	1.61	1.13
2022	1.41	1.14
2023	1.31	1.15
2024	1.32	1.16
2025	1.33	1.16
2026	1.34	1.17
2027	1.35	1.18
2028	1.36	1.18
2029	1.37	1.19
2030	1.38	1.2
2031	1.39	1.2
2032	1.39	1.21
2033	1.4	1.21
2034	1.4	1.22
2035	1.41	1.23
2036	1.41	1.23
2037	1.42	1.24
2038	1.42	1.24
2039	1.42	1.25
2040	1.43	1.25
2041	1.43	1.25
2042	1.44	1.26
2043	1.44	1.26
2044	1.44	1.27
2045	1.45	1.27
2046	1.45	1.28
2047	1.46	1.28
2048	1.46	1.29
2049	1.46	1.29
2050	1.46	1.29

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Estonia	San Marino
1960	23.1%	25%
1961	23.3%	25%
1962	23.3%	25%
1963	23.2%	24.8%
1964	23%	24.5%
1965	22.8%	24.3%
1966	22.6%	24.5%
1967	22.3%	24.9%
1968	22.2%	25.3%
1969	22.1%	25.6%
1970	22.1%	25.9%
1971	22%	26%
1972	22%	25.9%
1973	21.9%	25.7%
1974	21.8%	25.4%
1975	21.6%	25.1%
1976	21.6%	24.7%
1977	21.5%	23.9%
1978	21.5%	23%
1979	21.6%	22.4%
1980	21.7%	21.7%
1981	21.8%	21%
1982	21.9%	20.3%
1983	22%	19.7%
1984	22.1%	19.1%
1985	22.1%	18.6%
1986	22.1%	18%
1987	22.2%	17.5%
1988	22.2%	17%
1989	22.3%	16.5%
1990	22.3%	16.1%
1991	22.1%	15.8%
1992	21.8%	15.4%
1993	21.4%	15.2%
1994	21.1%	15%
1995	20.7%	14.9%
1996	20.3%	14.9%
1997	19.8%	14.9%
1998	19.2%	14.9%
1999	18.4%	14.9%
2000	17.6%	14.9%
2001	17.2%	15%
2002	16.6%	15.1%
2003	16.1%	15.2%
2004	15.6%	15.2%
2005	15.2%	15.3%
2006	15%	15.3%
2007	14.9%	15.3%
2008	14.9%	15.4%
2009	15%	15.4%
2010	15.2%	15.4%
2011	15.4%	15.3%
2012	15.6%	15.2%
2013	15.7%	15.1%
2014	15.9%	15.1%
2015	16%	14.9%
2016	16.2%	14.7%
2017	16.3%	14.4%
2018	16.4%	14%
2019	16.4%	13.7%
2020	16.4%	13.4%
2021	16.4%	13.2%
2022	16.2%	13%
2023	16%	12.7%
2024	15.6%	12.3%
2025	15.3%	11.9%
2026	14.9%	11.4%
2027	14.6%	11.1%
2028	14.3%	10.8%
2029	14%	10.5%
2030	13.7%	10.3%
2031	13.4%	10.1%
2032	13.1%	10%
2033	12.8%	9.97%
2034	12.4%	9.92%
2035	12.2%	9.9%
2036	12%	9.92%
2037	11.8%	9.98%
2038	11.8%	10.1%
2039	11.9%	10.2%
2040	11.9%	10.4%
2041	12%	10.6%
2042	12.1%	10.7%
2043	12.2%	10.9%
2044	12.3%	11%
2045	12.5%	11.2%
2046	12.6%	11.3%
2047	12.8%	11.4%
2048	12.9%	11.5%
2049	13%	11.6%
2050	13.1%	11.7%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 12.3% in San Marino in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 16.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and San Marino compared.

Natural population change in Estonia vs San Marino by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.21% in Estonia and -0.1% in San Marino. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Estonia	San Marino
1960	7,511	139
1961	7,228	174
1962	6,457	155
1963	6,043	158
1964	6,897	163
1965	5,437	169
1966	4,842	173
1967	5,012	171
1968	5,592	171
1969	5,515	173
1970	6,257	173
1971	7,160	174
1972	6,267	173
1973	5,623	167
1974	5,956	153
1975	4,717	141
1976	4,319	126
1977	4,931	117
1978	4,088	121
1979	3,818	104
1980	3,989	90
1981	4,612	76
1982	5,244	61
1983	5,884	54
1984	5,163	46
1985	4,281	44
1986	6,160	40
1987	6,829	31
1988	6,404	34
1989	5,803	36
1990	2,825	41
1991	-312	45
1992	-1,993	42
1993	-5,976	38
1994	-8,044	43
1995	-7,327	51
1996	-5,662	63
1997	-6,018	71
1998	-7,208	74
1999	-6,117	80
2000	-5,309	107
2001	-5,830	132
2002	-5,380	112
2003	-5,072	79
2004	-3,679	121
2005	-2,981	66
2006	-2,559	75
2007	-1,608	69
2008	-668	159
2009	-400	145
2010	0	126
2011	-531	105
2012	-1,455	54
2013	-1,713	73
2014	-1,972	46
2015	-1,315	36
2016	-1,316	10
2017	-1,713	-51
2018	-1,322	-11
2019	-1,327	-17
2020	-2,659	-122
2021	-5,324	-99
2022	-5,665	-58
2023	-5,070	-92

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs San Marino

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 8 deaths in San Marino.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	San Marino
1985	56	12
1986	46	12
1987	42	12
1988	43	12
1989	48	12
1990	44	11
1991	42	11
1992	40	11
1993	46	11
1994	60	10
1995	45	10
1996	36	10
1997	31	10
1998	32	9
1999	28	9
2000	27	14
2001	25	14
2002	22	14
2003	18	13
2004	15	13
2005	15	12
2006	13	12
2007	13	8
2008	11	8
2009	10	8
2010	8	8
2011	9	8
2012	8	8
2013	6	8
2014	7	8
2015	6	8
2016	7	7
2017	5	7
2018	5	7
2019	6	7
2020	6	46
2021	8	35
2022	7	22
2023	5	8

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 0.14% in San Marino. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Estonia	San Marino
1980	2.24%	-
1981	2.16%	-
1982	2.09%	-
1983	2.02%	-
1984	1.96%	-
1985	1.91%	1.99%
1986	1.86%	1.82%
1987	1.83%	1.66%
1988	1.81%	1.52%
1989	1.79%	1.39%
1990	1.77%	1.27%
1991	1.75%	1.16%
1992	1.73%	1.06%
1993	1.69%	0.97%
1994	1.64%	0.89%
1995	1.57%	0.81%
1996	1.48%	0.75%
1997	1.39%	0.69%
1998	1.29%	0.63%
1999	1.2%	0.58%
2000	1.1%	0.54%
2001	1.01%	0.5%
2002	0.93%	0.46%
2003	0.85%	0.42%
2004	0.78%	0.39%
2005	0.71%	0.37%
2006	0.65%	0.34%
2007	0.59%	0.32%
2008	0.54%	0.3%
2009	0.5%	0.28%
2010	0.46%	0.27%
2011	0.42%	0.25%
2012	0.39%	0.24%
2013	0.36%	0.23%
2014	0.34%	0.21%
2015	0.32%	0.2%
2016	0.3%	0.19%
2017	0.28%	0.18%
2018	0.27%	0.17%
2019	0.25%	0.17%
2020	0.24%	0.16%
2021	0.23%	0.15%
2022	0.22%	0.15%
2023	0.21%	0.14%