Fertility & birth rates in Mongolia and Romania

Fertility rate in Mongolia vs Romania chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Mongolia was 2.7 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.71 in Romania in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Mongolia vs Romania population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Mongolia	Romania
1960	6.82	2.34
1961	6.96	2.17
1962	7.1	2.04
1963	7.24	2.01
1964	7.33	1.96
1965	7.38	1.91
1966	7.41	1.9
1967	7.39	3.66
1968	7.37	3.63
1969	7.34	3.19
1970	7.31	2.89
1971	7.3	2.67
1972	7.28	2.55
1973	7.24	2.44
1974	7.17	2.71
1975	7.07	2.59
1976	6.93	2.54
1977	6.79	2.57
1978	6.62	2.52
1979	6.42	2.49
1980	6.21	2.43
1981	5.98	2.36
1982	5.8	2.17
1983	5.63	2.06
1984	5.45	2.26
1985	5.26	2.31
1986	5.03	2.39
1987	4.83	2.38
1988	4.65	2.3
1989	4.42	2.22
1990	4.5	1.83
1991	4	1.59
1992	3.5	1.51
1993	2.5	1.43
1994	2.7	1.4
1995	2.77	1.33
1996	2.5	1.3
1997	2.4	1.32
1998	2.3	1.32
1999	2.3	1.3
2000	2.2	1.31
2001	2.2	1.27
2002	2.1	1.27
2003	2	1.3
2004	2	1.33
2005	2	1.4
2006	2.1	1.42
2007	2.3	1.45
2008	2.6	1.6
2009	2.8	1.66
2010	2.4	1.59
2011	2.6	1.47
2012	2.7	1.52
2013	3	1.46
2014	3.1	1.56
2015	3	1.62
2016	3	1.69
2017	2.8	1.78
2018	2.9	1.76
2019	3	1.77
2020	2.9	1.8
2021	2.8	1.81
2022	2.7	1.71
2023	2.7	1.71
2024	2.65	1.71
2025	2.6	1.71
2026	2.55	1.7
2027	2.51	1.7
2028	2.47	1.7
2029	2.44	1.7
2030	2.4	1.7
2031	2.37	1.7
2032	2.34	1.7
2033	2.31	1.69
2034	2.29	1.69
2035	2.26	1.69
2036	2.23	1.69
2037	2.21	1.69
2038	2.19	1.69
2039	2.17	1.69
2040	2.15	1.69
2041	2.13	1.68
2042	2.11	1.68
2043	2.09	1.68
2044	2.08	1.68
2045	2.06	1.68
2046	2.05	1.68
2047	2.04	1.68
2048	2.02	1.68
2049	2.01	1.68
2050	2	1.68

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Mongolia	Romania
1960	38.1%	28.1%
1961	38.8%	28%
1962	39.6%	27.7%
1963	40.4%	27.3%
1964	41.4%	26.7%
1965	42.4%	26%
1966	43.3%	25.2%
1967	44.2%	25%
1968	44.9%	25.1%
1969	45.4%	25.1%
1970	45.6%	25.1%
1971	45.8%	24.9%
1972	45.8%	24.9%
1973	45.8%	24.9%
1974	45.6%	25.1%
1975	45.4%	25.3%
1976	45.2%	25.7%
1977	44.8%	26%
1978	44.5%	26.3%
1979	44.1%	26.5%
1980	43.7%	26.8%
1981	43.3%	27.1%
1982	43%	26.8%
1983	42.7%	25.9%
1984	42.5%	25.1%
1985	42.3%	24.6%
1986	42.1%	24.3%
1987	42%	24%
1988	41.8%	23.9%
1989	41.7%	23.7%
1990	41.4%	23.3%
1991	41%	22.8%
1992	40.5%	22.2%
1993	40%	21.6%
1994	39.5%	21%
1995	39%	20.5%
1996	38.4%	20%
1997	37.8%	19.6%
1998	37%	19.3%
1999	36.2%	19.1%
2000	35.2%	18.6%
2001	34.1%	18.1%
2002	32.9%	17.5%
2003	31.8%	16.9%
2004	30.8%	16.4%
2005	29.9%	16%
2006	29.1%	15.8%
2007	28.5%	15.7%
2008	28.1%	15.7%
2009	27.9%	15.7%
2010	27.9%	15.7%
2011	28%	15.8%
2012	28.1%	15.7%
2013	28.5%	15.7%
2014	28.9%	15.7%
2015	29.5%	15.7%
2016	30.2%	15.7%
2017	30.9%	15.8%
2018	31.6%	15.9%
2019	32.3%	16%
2020	32.8%	16.1%
2021	32.9%	16.1%
2022	32.9%	16%
2023	32.6%	15.9%
2024	32.2%	15.7%
2025	31.6%	15.6%
2026	30.9%	15.4%
2027	30.1%	15.3%
2028	29.2%	15.2%
2029	28.2%	15.1%
2030	27.3%	15%
2031	26.3%	14.9%
2032	25.6%	14.7%
2033	24.9%	14.6%
2034	24.3%	14.4%
2035	23.8%	14.4%
2036	23.4%	14.3%
2037	23.1%	14.3%
2038	23%	14.3%
2039	22.9%	14.2%
2040	22.8%	14.2%
2041	22.9%	14.3%
2042	22.9%	14.3%
2043	23%	14.3%
2044	23.1%	14.3%
2045	23.2%	14.4%
2046	23.3%	14.4%
2047	23.4%	14.4%
2048	23.4%	14.4%
2049	23.4%	14.4%
2050	23.3%	14.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 32.2% of the population in Mongolia and 15.7% in Romania in 2024, compared to 41.4% and 23.3% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Mongolia and Romania compared.

Natural population change in Mongolia vs Romania by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.81% in Mongolia and -0.4% in Romania. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Mongolia	Romania
1960	20,726	191,431
1961	21,873	163,286
1962	22,960	130,736
1963	24,142	139,104
1964	25,317	134,326
1965	26,364	114,190
1966	27,338	115,293
1967	28,178	347,709
1968	29,017	338,577
1969	29,781	264,120
1970	30,558	234,905
1971	31,536	206,662
1972	32,727	198,316
1973	33,993	175,020
1974	35,297	235,530
1975	36,490	219,324
1976	37,670	213,361
1977	38,995	215,385
1978	40,276	204,148
1979	41,568	194,397
1980	42,343	168,776
1981	43,588	156,472
1982	45,179	119,121
1983	46,919	87,986
1984	48,562	117,731
1985	49,944	111,392
1986	50,329	134,737
1987	51,140	128,517
1988	51,588	126,817
1989	51,420	122,756
1990	49,443	69,605
1991	47,884	25,301
1992	42,437	-4,559
1993	36,924	-13,658
1994	34,711	-18,184
1995	34,473	-36,295
1996	33,741	-56,548
1997	32,403	-42,853
1998	31,757	-33,761
1999	32,283	-31,461
2000	32,753	-22,443
2001	32,052	-37,625
2002	30,439	-58,673
2003	28,827	-56,093
2004	28,418	-42,904
2005	29,290	-40,508
2006	33,609	-38,148
2007	39,636	-37,590
2008	45,843	-30,806
2009	48,876	-34,625
2010	44,914	-46,567
2011	50,711	-56,413
2012	55,942	-54,157
2013	62,618	-59,951
2014	66,078	-55,745
2015	64,473	-59,447
2016	62,086	-53,196
2017	57,940	-50,930
2018	60,635	-62,316
2019	61,433	-60,053
2020	60,888	-100,179
2021	52,109	-141,504
2022	47,730	-93,338
2023	46,995	-89,580

Maternal mortality chart: Mongolia vs Romania

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 41 deaths per 100,000 live births in Mongolia, compared to 12 deaths in Romania.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Mongolia	Romania
1985	352	184
1986	346	180
1987	341	173
1988	335	159
1989	311	143
1990	276	118
1991	227	104
1992	199	95
1993	181	87
1994	178	80
1995	176	75
1996	178	72
1997	180	66
1998	174	58
1999	162	51
2000	144	45
2001	130	41
2002	120	38
2003	114	35
2004	108	32
2005	99	30
2006	90	27
2007	81	25
2008	77	25
2009	75	25
2010	71	23
2011	67	20
2012	63	19
2013	59	18
2014	56	18
2015	52	18
2016	48	17
2017	45	17
2018	45	15
2019	45	14
2020	47	16
2021	63	20
2022	41	13
2023	41	12

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.36% in Mongolia and 0.66% in Romania. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Mongolia	Romania
1960	-	8.82%
1961	-	7.98%
1962	-	6.98%
1963	-	6.03%
1964	-	5.45%
1965	-	5.44%
1966	-	5.83%
1967	-	6.27%
1968	-	6.44%
1969	-	6.23%
1970	-	5.69%
1971	-	5.06%
1972	-	4.64%
1973	-	4.49%
1974	-	4.43%
1975	-	4.27%
1976	-	4.05%
1977	-	3.86%
1978	17.3%	3.76%
1979	16.7%	3.68%
1980	16.1%	3.57%
1981	15.5%	3.44%
1982	15%	3.28%
1983	14.4%	3.14%
1984	13.9%	3.08%
1985	13.4%	3.16%
1986	12.8%	3.33%
1987	12.2%	3.45%
1988	11.7%	3.43%
1989	11.1%	3.31%
1990	10.7%	3.14%
1991	10.2%	2.97%
1992	9.78%	2.84%
1993	9.39%	2.79%
1994	9%	2.76%
1995	8.6%	2.73%
1996	8.19%	2.68%
1997	7.74%	2.58%
1998	7.27%	2.44%
1999	6.78%	2.29%
2000	6.29%	2.16%
2001	5.8%	2.06%
2002	5.32%	2.01%
2003	4.87%	1.99%
2004	4.45%	1.94%
2005	4.07%	1.82%
2006	3.71%	1.66%
2007	3.39%	1.51%
2008	3.11%	1.4%
2009	2.85%	1.31%
2010	2.63%	1.24%
2011	2.44%	1.18%
2012	2.28%	1.12%
2013	2.15%	1.05%
2014	2.04%	0.99%
2015	1.94%	0.92%
2016	1.84%	0.85%
2017	1.74%	0.79%
2018	1.64%	0.73%
2019	1.56%	0.68%
2020	1.48%	0.66%
2021	1.43%	0.65%
2022	1.39%	0.66%
2023	1.36%	0.66%