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Economy of Austria vs Canada compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Austria has a GDP of $535B compared to $2.24T for Canada, ranking 30/197 and 9/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $432B in government debt (80.8% of GDP), compared to $2.5T (111.3% of GDP) in Canada.

Austria vs Canada GDP by year

Austria
Canada
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Canada
2024 $534,790,720,467 $2,243,636,826,634
2023 $516,670,509,629 $2,173,339,670,064
2022 $473,221,298,968 $2,190,411,080,134
2021 $480,466,363,177 $2,022,378,748,423
2020 $434,397,601,558 $1,655,684,730,000
2019 $442,983,642,372 $1,743,725,183,673
2018 $452,582,294,973 $1,725,329,192,783
2017 $414,926,138,133 $1,649,265,644,244
2016 $393,687,359,770 $1,527,994,741,907
2015 $379,546,097,301 $1,556,508,816,217
2014 $438,556,021,078 $1,805,749,878,440
2013 $426,580,502,769 $1,846,597,421,835
2012 $406,750,487,604 $1,828,366,481,522
2011 $428,954,737,064 $1,793,326,630,175
2010 $389,827,789,218 $1,617,343,367,486
2009 $399,290,118,782 $1,374,625,142,157
2008 $429,234,399,096 $1,552,989,690,722
2007 $386,760,177,589 $1,468,820,407,783
2006 $333,905,979,332 $1,319,264,809,591
2005 $313,952,317,331 $1,173,108,598,779
2004 $299,210,411,455 $1,026,690,238,278
2003 $260,779,834,340 $895,540,646,635
2002 $212,837,224,023 $760,649,334,098
2001 $196,477,206,829 $738,981,792,355
2000 $196,181,599,831 $744,773,415,932
1999 $216,421,809,126 $678,412,196,271
1998 $217,068,085,816 $634,000,000,000
1997 $211,724,812,267 $654,986,999,856
1996 $235,952,581,232 $630,607,994,133
1995 $240,094,169,510 $605,961,090,061
1994 $202,738,023,130 $579,944,346,807
1993 $189,634,029,339 $579,053,561,739
1992 $194,314,032,056 $594,387,358,319
1991 $173,113,449,617 $612,527,712,316
1990 $165,811,372,383 $596,075,591,361
1989 $132,584,448,258 $567,211,993,243
1988 $132,817,124,707 $509,380,027,627
1987 $123,682,091,859 $433,134,238,311
1986 $98,648,254,169 $379,006,836,992
1985 $69,114,996,010 $366,186,012,450
1984 $67,719,055,773 $356,718,400,124
1983 $71,838,528,420 $341,866,277,183
1982 $70,996,111,963 $314,647,807,409
1981 $70,755,997,062 $307,246,642,756
1980 $81,737,498,405 $274,776,566,028
1979 $73,647,694,287 $243,891,124,296
1978 $61,809,208,756 $219,369,542,386
1977 $51,343,861,460 $212,325,176,305
1976 $42,791,707,448 $207,271,612,576
1975 $39,902,300,703 $174,419,757,177
1974 $35,051,468,640 $160,949,188,139
1973 $29,399,860,145 $131,764,343,566
1972 $21,973,207,929 $113,463,848,874
1971 $17,788,536,733 $99,606,454,744
1970 $15,312,791,744 $88,192,257,632
1969 $13,647,475,854 $79,405,011,125
1968 $12,499,863,917 $72,048,833,006
1967 $11,634,569,522 $65,856,924,424
1966 $10,939,526,219 $61,252,415,405
1965 $10,041,659,445 $54,649,410,479
1964 $9,213,648,656 $49,503,663,836
1963 $8,414,050,621 $45,140,337,827
1962 $7,793,042,529 $42,336,211,556
1961 $7,346,566,038 $41,038,192,838
1960 $6,624,086,313 $40,563,768,947

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/canada | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Canada by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Canada
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $54,340 $64,610
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $54,220 $64,219
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $56,257 $63,944
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $52,887 $56,995
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $43,538 $48,591
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $46,353 $50,499
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $46,539 $49,983
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $45,130 $48,317
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $42,314 $46,471
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $43,594 $44,668
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $50,961 $45,758
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $52,638 $44,301
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $52,670 $42,292
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $52,224 $41,667
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $47,561 $40,103
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $40,875 $38,863
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $46,710 $40,376
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $44,660 $39,573
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $40,504 $38,123
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $36,384 $36,328
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $32,146 $33,929
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $28,302 $32,350
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $24,256 $30,964
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $23,822 $30,241
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $24,271 $29,348
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $22,315 $27,841
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $21,025 $26,324
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $21,902 $25,264
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $21,297 $24,055
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $20,680 $23,474
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $19,998 $22,624
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $20,187 $21,432
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $20,950 $20,619
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $21,847 $20,220
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $21,526 $20,226
1989 $17,401 - $20,795 -
1988 $17,510 - $19,013 -
1987 $16,329 - $16,378 -
1986 $13,032 - $14,521 -
1985 $9,136 - $14,170 -
1984 $8,956 - $13,930 -
1983 $9,500 - $13,477 -
1982 $9,373 - $12,527 -
1981 $9,348 - $12,379 -
1980 $10,827 - $11,208 -
1979 $9,755 - $10,078 -
1978 $8,173 - $9,154 -
1977 $6,784 - $8,949 -
1976 $5,656 - $8,839 -
1975 $5,265 - $7,537 -
1974 $4,613 - $7,057 -
1973 $3,875 - $5,858 -
1972 $2,913 - $5,107 -
1971 $2,372 - $4,535 -
1970 $2,051 - $4,136 -
1969 $1,834 - $3,776 -
1968 $1,686 - $3,473 -
1967 $1,577 - $3,226 -
1966 $1,494 - $3,055 -
1965 $1,381 - $2,777 -
1964 $1,275 - $2,562 -
1963 $1,173 - $2,380 -
1962 $1,093 - $2,274 -
1961 $1,037 - $2,246 -
1960 $940 - $2,265 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/canada | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $58,269, ranking 16/197, compared to $54,340 in Canada, ranking 20/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Canada ranks 28th at $64,610.

Economic indicators

Austria Canada
Gross domestic product
$535B
2024
$2.24T
2024
GDP rank
30/197
2024
9/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.66%
2023-2024
1.55%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$58,269
2024
$54,340
2024
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2024
20/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$64,610
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
28/197
2024
Government debt
$432B
2024
$2.5T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.8%
2024
111.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$47,075
2024
$60,482
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2024
4/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$40,736
2026
$37,320
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$121B
2024
$3.37T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
2,098,000
2025
Number of billionaires
9
2025
76
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
24.1%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
3.3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
56%
2024
44.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.94%
2023-2024
2.38%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.16%
2024
6.35%
2024
Population
9163419
42181965

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Canada
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Canada
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 56% 80.8% 44.7% 111.3%
2023 52.7% 78.5% 42.1% 107.7%
2022 53% 78.4% 40.6% 104.2%
2021 56% 82.4% 45.5% 112.6%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 52.4% 118.1%
2019 49.1% 71% 40.6% 90.2%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 40.7% 90.8%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 40.5% 90.9%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 40.8% 92.4%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 40% 92%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 38.4% 85.5%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 40% 87.6%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 40.9% 87.2%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 41.6% 84.3%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 43.1% 84%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 43.4% 81.8%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 38.8% 70.4%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 38.5% 67.2%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 38.7% 69.9%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 38.5% 70.6%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 39.1% 71.9%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 40.3% 75.9%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 40.4% 79.6%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 41.1% 81.5%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 40.6% 80.4%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 41.8% 89%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 43.4% 93.3%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 43.5% 95.3%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 45.9% 100.2%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 47.7% 100.1%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 49% 97.5%
1993 54.3% 61% 51.5% 94.7%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 52.5% 88.2%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 51.4% 81.7%
1990 46.8% 56.2% 48.1% 73.7%
1989 51.6% 56.6% 45.8% 72.2%
1988 53.1% 57.7% 45.4% 71.1%
1987 54.5% 55.5% 46.1% 71.4%
1986 54.3% 52% 47.6% 71%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 48.3% 66.9%
1984 52.6% 46% 47.5% 61.7%
1983 52.4% 43.7% 47.9% 58.4%
1982 52% 39.7% 47.3% 52.7%
1981 51.5% 37.5% 42.5% 46.9%
1980 50% 35.6% 41.6% 45.6%
1979 49.8% 34.1% 40% 45.3%
1978 50.8% 32.2% 41.6% 48%
1977 47.6% 28.5% 41.4% 45.1%
1976 47.9% 26.2% 40.2% 43.6%
1975 46.1% 22.8% 41.1% 45.2%
1974 42% 16.8% 37.6% 45.8%
1973 41.5% 16.7% 36% 48%
1972 40.1% 16.7% 37.5% 53.5%
1971 40% 17.4% 37.3% 55.3%
1970 39.5% 18.6% 36% 54.3%
1969 40.7% 16.8% 33.9% 53%
1968 40.9% 16.8% 33.8% 55.9%
1967 40.7% 15.6% 32.9% 56.9%
1966 38.7% 14.1% 30.8% 56.6%
1965 38.3% 14.8% 29.8% 60.1%
1964 38.7% 15.5% 29.7% 63.7%
1963 38.6% 15.6% 30.3% 67%
1962 37.6% 15.5% 30.6% 67.2%
1961 35.7% 16% 30.6% 68.2%
1960 36.3% 17.7% 14.9% 66.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/canada | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government spending was $300B, accounting for 56% of its GDP, while Canada spent $1T, or 44.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.8% in Austria and 111.3% in Canada, ranking 44/185 and 15/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Canada
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Canada
2024 -4.64% -2.01%
2023 -2.62% 0.07%
2022 -3.31% 0.56%
2021 -5.69% -3.06%
2020 -8.2% -10.9%
2019 0.54% -0.02%
2018 0.2% 0.36%
2017 -0.78% -0.11%
2016 -1.45% -0.45%
2015 -0.48% -0.06%
2014 -1.92% 0.17%
2013 -1.99% -1.49%
2012 -2.18% -2.52%
2011 -2.48% -3.31%
2010 -4.46% -4.74%
2009 -5.38% -3.88%
2008 -1.57% 0.18%
2007 -1.56% 1.82%
2006 -2.61% 1.83%
2005 -2.59% 1.55%
2004 -4.94% 0.77%
2003 -1.84% -0.13%
2002 -1.43% -0.23%
2001 -0.71% 0.53%
2000 -2.07% 2.64%
1999 -2.63% 1.66%
1998 -2.68% 0.14%
1997 -2.38% 0.04%
1996 -4.38% -3.05%
1995 -6.17% -5.49%
1994 -5.04% -6.94%
1993 -4.57% -8.93%
1992 -2.15% -9.2%
1991 -2.96% -8.36%
1990 -2.58% -5.91%
1989 -3.07% -4.6%
1988 -3.43% -4.33%
1987 -4.33% -5.42%
1986 -3.84% -7.14%
1985 -2.71% -8.59%
1984 -2.67% -7.78%
1983 -4.22% -8.17%
1982 -3.29% -7.03%
1981 -1.79% -2.83%
1980 -1.62% -4.07%
1979 -2.3% -3.41%
1978 -2.67% -4.77%
1977 -2.11% -4.1%
1976 -3.61% -2.78%
1975 -2.41% -3.54%
1974 1.23% 1.1%
1973 1.24% 0.6%
1972 1.97% -0.97%
1971 1.46% -1.02%
1970 1.16% -0.36%
1969 -0.08% 1.2%
1968 -0.83% -0.45%
1967 -0.56% -0.82%
1966 1.73% -0.07%
1965 1.38% -0.25%
1964 0.48% -0.68%
1963 -0.5% -2.31%
1962 1.12% -2.6%
1961 1.68% -2.75%
1960 -0.49% -0.85%
1959 -2.16% -1.08%
1958 -3.52% -1.69%
1957 -0.7% -0.11%
1956 -0.78% 0.77%
1955 -0.5% -0.11%
1954 -0.35% -0.57%
1953 -0.24% 0.3%
1952 -0.73% 0.09%
1951 -1.57% 1.1%
1950 -7.72% 1.09%
1949 -9.23% 0.78%
1948 -9.3% 3.84%
1947 - 5.02%
1946 - 3.14%
1945 - -17.9%
1944 - -21.6%
1943 - -23.1%
1942 - -20.8%
1941 - -4.79%
1940 - -5.62%
1939 - -2.11%
1938 - -0.97%
1937 -2.84% -0.34%
1936 -3.91% -1.68%
1935 -5.46% -3.72%
1934 -5.28% -2.93%
1933 -3.55% -3.83%
1932 -9.16% -5.79%
1931 -11.5% -2.43%
1930 -9.68% -1.47%
1929 -6.83% 0.78%
1928 -7.63% 1.12%
1927 -7.3% 0.92%
1926 -6.18% 0.81%
1925 -4.96% 0.55%
1924 -5.69% 0.007%
1923 - 0.79%
1922 - -0.75%
1921 - -2%
1920 - -1.82%
1919 - -8.94%
1918 - -8.98%
1917 - -7.83%
1916 - -8.14%
1915 - -6.17%
1914 - -4.63%
1913 - -0.82%
1912 -0.69% 1.03%
1911 0.03% 0.004%
1910 -0.42% -0.18%
1909 -5.51% -0.67%
1908 -1.24% -2.78%
1907 -2.73% -0.83%
1906 -0.05% 0.22%
1905 -0.71% -0.07%
1904 -1.12% -0.44%
1903 -0.97% 0.07%
1902 -0.75% 0.91%
1901 -0.56% -0.34%
1900 -0.05% -0.33%
1899 -0.08% 0.1%
1898 -0.17% -0.3%
1897 0.1% -0.35%
1896 0.03% -0.48%
1895 0.36% -0.85%
1894 -1.16% -1.06%
1893 -1.31% -0.66%
1892 -0.86% -0.07%
1891 -4.01% 3.23%
1890 -0.26% -0.04%
1889 -1.61% 0%
1888 -0.97% -0.48%
1887 -1.09% -1.18%
1886 -0.43% -0.73%
1885 -0.57% -4.82%
1884 -6.43% -2.43%
1883 -0.69% -3.88%
1882 -1.06% -0.78%
1881 -3.91% 0.32%
1880 -1.4% -0.62%
1879 - -2.11%
1878 - -0.63%
1877 - -1.63%
1876 - -2.06%
1875 - -1.88%
1874 - -1.57%
1873 - -1.74%
1872 - -3.93%
1871 - -1.09%
1870 - 0.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/canada | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.8B, equivalent to 4.64% of GDP. This compares to Canada's deficit of $45.2B, or 2.01% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 53 of those years, while Canada ran a deficit in 48 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.04% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.42% of GDP for Canada.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Canada
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Canada
2024 2.94% 2.38%
2023 7.81% 3.88%
2022 8.55% 6.8%
2021 2.77% 3.4%
2020 1.38% 0.72%
2019 1.53% 1.95%
2018 2% 2.27%
2017 2.08% 1.6%
2016 0.89% 1.43%
2015 0.9% 1.13%
2014 1.61% 1.91%
2013 2% 0.94%
2012 2.49% 1.52%
2011 3.29% 2.91%
2010 1.81% 1.78%
2009 0.51% 0.3%
2008 3.22% 2.37%
2007 2.17% 2.14%
2006 1.44% 2%
2005 2.3% 2.21%
2004 2.06% 1.86%
2003 1.36% 2.76%
2002 1.81% 2.26%
2001 2.65% 2.53%
2000 2.34% 2.72%
1999 0.57% 1.73%
1998 0.92% 1%
1997 1.31% 1.62%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/canada | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.31%, compared with 2.15% in Canada. In 2024, inflation was 2.94% in Austria and 2.38% in Canada.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.06B
Metals $223M
Chemicals & pharma $206M
Business & finance services $128M
Textiles & consumer goods $96.9M
IT & IP services $61.5M
Transport & tourism services $57.9M
Wood & paper products $41.7M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $41.5M
Manufacturing & construction services $10.6M
Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $224M
IT & IP services $105M
Transport & tourism services $49.5M
Business & finance services $35.2M
Wood & paper products $29.5M
Chemicals & pharma $28.3M
Manufacturing & construction services $7M
Miscellaneous $6.26M
Metals $5.3M
Precious metals & jewellery $4.33M

Balance of trade

Austria Canada
Current account balance
$8.19B
2024
-$10.3B
2024
Current account balance ranking
25/190
2024
177/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.53%
2024
-0.46%
2024
Goods imports
$195B
2024
$574B
2024
Goods exports
$201B
2024
$569B
2024
Service imports
$90.5B
2024
$160B
2024
Service exports
$96.6B
2024
$159B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.1%
2024
32.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.7%
2024
32.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Canada
Economic freedom 69.8 75.6
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 17/197
Property rights 95.7 85.9
Government integrity 75 85.5
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 96
Tax burden 45.7 74.7
Government spending 12.8 45.9
Fiscal health 67.1 79.7
Business freedom 78.7 84.2
Labor freedom 81.6 68.3
Monetary freedom 76.4 73.8
Trade freedom 79.4 83.2
Investment freedom 60 60
Financial freedom 70 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Canada
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Canada
2026 69.8 75.6
2025 69.7 75.5
2024 68.4 72.4
2023 71.1 73.7
2022 73.8 76.6
2021 73.9 77.9
2020 73.3 78.2
2019 72 77.7
2018 71.8 77.7
2017 72.3 78.5
2016 71.7 78
2015 71.2 79.1
2014 72.4 80.2
2013 71.8 79.4
2012 70.3 79.9
2011 71.9 80.8
2010 71.6 80.4
2009 71.2 80.5
2008 71.4 80.2
2007 71.6 78
2006 71.1 77.4
2005 68.8 75.8
2004 67.6 75.3
2003 67.6 74.8
2002 67.4 74.6
2001 68.1 71.2
2000 68.4 70.5
1999 64 69.3
1998 65.4 68.5
1997 65.2 67.9
1996 68.9 70.3
1995 70 69.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/canada | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 75.6 for Canada, ranking 17/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Canada
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
66.4%
2021
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
25.3%
2021
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.22%
2024
1.6%
2021
GNI, Atlas method
$503B
2024
$2.2T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,160
2024
$63,630
2024
Total reserves including gold
$35.4B
2024
$120B
2024
Total reserves ranking
53/177
2024
23/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$135M
2024
$27.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$63.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$89.4B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
9.4%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.6%
2024
23.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/canada | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2019–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.