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Economy of Austria vs Iran compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Austria has a GDP of $535B compared to $475B for Iran, ranking 30/197 and 34/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $432B in government debt (80.8% of GDP), compared to $162B (34% of GDP) in Iran.

Austria vs Iran GDP by year

Austria
Iran
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Iran
2024 $534,790,720,467 $475,252,089,215
2023 $516,670,509,629 $457,510,482,317
2022 $473,221,298,968 $422,662,261,526
2021 $480,466,363,177 $407,350,685,583
2020 $434,397,601,558 $280,934,329,280
2019 $442,983,642,372 $347,988,400,958
2018 $452,582,294,973 $411,903,303,606
2017 $414,926,138,133 $510,239,893,418
2016 $393,687,359,770 $478,618,064,871
2015 $379,546,097,301 $409,191,686,497
2014 $438,556,021,078 $462,284,793,281
2013 $426,580,502,769 $500,399,839,840
2012 $406,750,487,604 $644,019,315,004
2011 $428,954,737,064 $629,082,257,472
2010 $389,827,789,218 $487,069,570,464
2009 $399,290,118,782 $414,059,094,949
2008 $429,234,399,096 $406,070,949,554
2007 $386,760,177,589 $349,736,591,832
2006 $333,905,979,332 $265,602,187,404
2005 $313,952,317,331 $224,970,371,325
2004 $299,210,411,455 $187,754,571,248
2003 $260,779,834,340 $151,911,222,119
2002 $212,837,224,023 $128,626,917,504
2001 $196,477,206,829 $126,878,750,296
2000 $196,181,599,831 $109,591,707,802
1999 $216,421,809,126 $113,848,450,088
1998 $217,068,085,816 $110,276,913,363
1997 $211,724,812,267 $113,919,163,421
1996 $235,952,581,232 $120,403,931,885
1995 $240,094,169,510 $96,419,225,744
1994 $202,738,023,130 $71,841,461,173
1993 $189,634,029,339 $63,743,623,232
1992 $194,314,032,056 $119,768,691,217
1991 $173,113,449,617 $131,637,664,958
1990 $165,811,372,383 $124,813,263,926
1989 $132,584,448,258 $120,496,362,916
1988 $132,817,124,707 $123,057,861,334
1987 $123,682,091,859 $134,009,995,923
1986 $98,648,254,169 $209,094,561,833
1985 $69,114,996,010 $180,183,629,600
1984 $67,719,055,773 $162,276,728,620
1983 $71,838,528,420 $156,365,156,618
1982 $70,996,111,963 $125,948,756,439
1981 $70,755,997,062 $100,499,312,750
1980 $81,737,498,405 $94,362,275,580
1979 $73,647,694,287 $90,391,877,326
1978 $61,809,208,756 $77,994,316,621
1977 $51,343,861,460 $80,600,122,702
1976 $42,791,707,448 $68,055,295,081
1975 $39,902,300,703 $51,776,222,350
1974 $35,051,468,640 $46,209,092,072
1973 $29,399,860,145 $27,081,698,250
1972 $21,973,207,929 $17,153,463,263
1971 $17,788,536,733 $13,731,802,833
1970 $15,312,791,744 $10,976,245,154
1969 $13,647,475,854 $9,743,089,607
1968 $12,499,863,917 $8,623,172,960
1967 $11,634,569,522 $7,555,383,690
1966 $10,939,526,219 $6,789,938,672
1965 $10,041,659,445 $6,197,319,929
1964 $9,213,648,656 $5,379,845,648
1963 $8,414,050,621 $4,928,628,018
1962 $7,793,042,529 $4,693,566,416
1961 $7,346,566,038 $4,426,949,095
1960 $6,624,086,313 $4,199,134,390

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/iran | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Iran by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Iran
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Iran
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $5,190 $19,874
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $5,049 $18,917
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $4,721 $17,546
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $4,605 $15,884
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $3,203 $15,119
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $3,997 $13,928
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $4,783 $15,324
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $6,001 $15,719
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $5,711 $15,195
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $4,953 $14,274
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $5,672 $16,065
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $6,223 $16,215
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $8,114 $17,021
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $8,026 $19,275
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $6,291 $18,628
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $5,416 $17,615
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $5,377 $17,549
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $4,688 $17,384
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $3,619 $15,907
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $3,132 $15,016
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $2,672 $14,425
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $2,209 $13,755
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $1,891 $12,554
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $1,881 $11,533
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $1,650 $11,187
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $1,740 $10,489
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $1,709 $10,285
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $1,790 $10,101
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $1,915 $9,916
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $1,550 $9,255
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $1,168 $8,951
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $1,038 $8,933
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $1,957 $8,888
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $2,194 $8,580
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $2,138 $7,566
1989 $17,401 - $2,125 -
1988 $17,510 - $2,234 -
1987 $16,329 - $2,513 -
1986 $13,032 - $4,064 -
1985 $9,136 - $3,634 -
1984 $8,956 - $3,395 -
1983 $9,500 - $3,397 -
1982 $9,373 - $2,845 -
1981 $9,348 - $2,393 -
1980 $10,827 - $2,368 -
1979 $9,755 - $2,352 -
1978 $8,173 - $2,101 -
1977 $6,784 - $2,243 -
1976 $5,656 - $1,954 -
1975 $5,265 - $1,532 -
1974 $4,613 - $1,409 -
1973 $3,875 - $851 -
1972 $2,913 - $555 -
1971 $2,372 - $457 -
1970 $2,051 - $377 -
1969 $1,834 - $345 -
1968 $1,686 - $314 -
1967 $1,577 - $283.7 -
1966 $1,494 - $262.9 -
1965 $1,381 - $247.5 -
1964 $1,275 - $221.7 -
1963 $1,173 - $209.6 -
1962 $1,093 - $205.8 -
1961 $1,037 - $200.1 -
1960 $940 - $195.6 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/iran | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $58,269, ranking 16/197, compared to $5,190 in Iran, ranking 119/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Iran ranks 97th at $19,874.

Economic indicators

Austria Iran
Gross domestic product
$535B
2024
$475B
2024
GDP rank
30/197
2024
34/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.66%
2023-2024
3.66%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$58,269
2024
$5,190
2024
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2024
119/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$19,874
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
97/197
2024
Government debt
$432B
2024
$162B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.8%
2024
34%
2024
Government debt per person
$47,075
2024
$1,764
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2024
122/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$40,736
2026
$2,964
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$121B
2024
$172B
2024
Number of billionaires
9
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
28.2%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
56%
2024
14.2%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.94%
2023-2024
32.5%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
23%
2023
Unemployment rate
5.16%
2024
7.63%
2024
Population
9163419
93468444

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Iran
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Iran
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 56% 80.8% 14.2% 34%
2023 52.7% 78.5% 12.8% 29.6%
2022 53% 78.4% 12.8% 34.5%
2021 56% 82.4% 13.4% 39.9%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 12.1% 47.1%
2019 49.1% 71% 13.6% 44.6%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 14.8% 41.6%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 16.4% 43.2%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 16.3% 45.9%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 14.1% 32.1%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 12.3% 10.9%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 11.5% 10.2%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 11.4% 11.7%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 14.6% 10.6%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 14.1% 12.8%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 15.7% 11.5%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 16.8% 10.6%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 14.2% 13.5%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 18.7% 15.2%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 17.9% 18.3%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 15.1% 21.1%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 15.7% 21.9%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 15.6% 23.4%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 13.6% 21%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 13.3% 18.2%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 15.7% 22.2%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 16.9% 29.6%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 17.4% 30.9%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 17.3% 29.3%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 21% 31.2%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 23% 41.7%
1993 54.3% 61% 27.2% 25.6%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 14.4% 25.2%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 14% 29.3%
1990 46.8% 56.2% 16.4% 37%
1989 51.6% 56.6% 20% 48.8%
1988 53.1% 57.7% 23.6% 53.2%
1987 54.5% 55.5% 18.6% 48.6%
1986 54.3% 52% 19% 47.4%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 21.6% 8.73%
1984 52.6% 46% 23.7% 10%
1983 52.4% 43.7% 27.5% 35.7%
1982 52% 39.7% 29.7% 47.7%
1981 51.5% 37.5% 33.7% 47.6%
1980 50% 35.6% 35.8% 35.5%
1979 49.8% 34.1% - -
1978 50.8% 32.2% - -
1977 47.6% 28.5% - 9.23%
1976 47.9% 26.2% - 6.92%
1975 46.1% 22.8% - 8.81%
1974 42% 16.8% - 6.68%
1973 41.5% 16.7% - 12.8%
1972 40.1% 16.7% - 12.7%
1971 40% 17.4% - 14.2%
1970 39.5% 18.6% - 14.1%
1969 40.7% 16.8% - -
1968 40.9% 16.8% 23.6% -
1967 40.7% 15.6% 22.3% -
1966 38.7% 14.1% 20.5% -
1965 38.3% 14.8% 16.3% 14.9%
1964 38.7% 15.5% 15.4% 15.2%
1963 38.6% 15.6% 14.8% 12.4%
1962 37.6% 15.5% 15.6% 13.4%
1961 35.7% 16% - -
1960 36.3% 17.7% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/iran | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government spending was $300B, accounting for 56% of its GDP, while Iran spent $67.5B, or 14.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.8% in Austria and 34% in Iran, ranking 44/185 and 147/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Iran
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Iran
2024 -4.64% -3.83%
2023 -2.62% -2.54%
2022 -3.31% -2.64%
2021 -5.69% -3.01%
2020 -8.2% -4.87%
2019 0.54% -4.3%
2018 0.2% -1.59%
2017 -0.78% -1.55%
2016 -1.45% -1.7%
2015 -0.48% -1.3%
2014 -1.92% -0.91%
2013 -1.99% -0.72%
2012 -2.18% -0.5%
2011 -2.48% -0.66%
2010 -4.46% -0.84%
2009 -5.38% -3.3%
2008 -1.57% -4.39%
2007 -1.56% -2.41%
2006 -2.61% -4.91%
2005 -2.59% -2.44%
2004 -4.94% -2.45%
2003 -1.84% -2.76%
2002 -1.43% -2.88%
2001 -0.71% 0.02%
2000 -2.07% 5.42%
1999 -2.63% -0.51%
1998 -2.68% -5.03%
1997 -2.38% -1.81%
1996 -4.38% -0.75%
1995 -6.17% -2.63%
1994 -5.04% -3.36%
1993 -4.57% -5.15%
1992 -2.15% -0.86%
1991 -2.96% -1.64%
1990 -2.58% -1.73%
1989 -3.07% -4.45%
1988 -3.43% -10.3%
1987 -4.33% -6.84%
1986 -3.84% -7.84%
1985 -2.71% -3.74%
1984 -2.67% -4.02%
1983 -4.22% -6.15%
1982 -3.29% -5.55%
1981 -1.79% -10.7%
1980 -1.62% -14.2%
1979 -2.3% -
1978 -2.67% -
1977 -2.11% -
1976 -3.61% -
1975 -2.41% -
1974 1.23% -
1973 1.24% -
1972 1.97% -
1971 1.46% -
1970 1.16% -
1969 -0.08% -
1968 -0.83% -4.57%
1967 -0.56% -4%
1966 1.73% -2.63%
1965 1.38% -1.23%
1964 0.48% -0.04%
1963 -0.5% 0.26%
1962 1.12% -1.39%
1961 1.68% -
1960 -0.49% -
1959 -2.16% -
1958 -3.52% -
1957 -0.7% -
1956 -0.78% -
1955 -0.5% -
1954 -0.35% -
1953 -0.24% -
1952 -0.73% -
1951 -1.57% -
1950 -7.72% -
1949 -9.23% -
1948 -9.3% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -2.84% -
1936 -3.91% -
1935 -5.46% -
1934 -5.28% -
1933 -3.55% -
1932 -9.16% -
1931 -11.5% -
1930 -9.68% -
1929 -6.83% -
1928 -7.63% -
1927 -7.3% -
1926 -6.18% -
1925 -4.96% -
1924 -5.69% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -
1912 -0.69% -
1911 0.03% -
1910 -0.42% -
1909 -5.51% -
1908 -1.24% -
1907 -2.73% -
1906 -0.05% -
1905 -0.71% -
1904 -1.12% -
1903 -0.97% -
1902 -0.75% -
1901 -0.56% -
1900 -0.05% -
1899 -0.08% -
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/iran | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.8B, equivalent to 4.64% of GDP. This compares to Iran's deficit of $18.2B, or 3.83% of GDP.

Over the past 63 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 52 of those years, while Iran ran a deficit in 49 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.13% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.11% of GDP for Iran.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Iran
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Iran
2024 2.94% 32.5%
2023 7.81% 44.6%
2022 8.55% 43.5%
2021 2.77% 43.4%
2020 1.38% 30.6%
2019 1.53% 39.9%
2018 2% 18%
2017 2.08% 8.04%
2016 0.89% 7.25%
2015 0.9% 12.5%
2014 1.61% 16.6%
2013 2% 36.6%
2012 2.49% 27.3%
2011 3.29% 26.3%
2010 1.81% 10.1%
2009 0.51% 13.6%
2008 3.22% 25.4%
2007 2.17% 17.3%
2006 1.44% 10%
2005 2.3% 13.4%
2004 2.06% 14.8%
2003 1.36% 16.5%
2002 1.81% 14.3%
2001 2.65% 11.3%
2000 2.34% 14.5%
1999 0.57% 20.1%
1998 0.92% 17.9%
1997 1.31% 17.3%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/iran | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.31%, compared with 21.6% in Iran. In 2024, inflation was 2.94% in Austria and 32.5% in Iran.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $58M
Machinery & equipment $52.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.16M
Wood & paper products $3.87M
Raw materials & minerals $3.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.61M
Animal & marine products $1.82M
Raw agricultural goods $1.18M
Metals $748K
Miscellaneous $81K
Iran
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $6.14M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.22M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $905K
Raw materials & minerals $737K
Raw agricultural goods $613K
Animal & marine products $390K
Metals $77K
Machinery & equipment $62K
Wood & paper products $32K
Precious metals & jewellery $22K

Balance of trade

Austria Iran
Current account balance
$8.19B
2024
$12.5B
2000
Current account balance ranking
25/190
2024
22/190
2000
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.53%
2024
+11.4%
2000
Goods imports
$195B
2024
$15.2B
2000
Goods exports
$201B
2024
$28.3B
2000
Service imports
$90.5B
2024
$2.3B
2000
Service exports
$96.6B
2024
$1.38B
2000
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.1%
2024
28.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.7%
2024
23.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Iran
Economic freedom 69.8 41.8
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 185/197
Property rights 95.7 20.2
Government integrity 75 16.2
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 18.7
Tax burden 45.7 81.3
Government spending 12.8 94.7
Fiscal health 67.1 83.3
Business freedom 78.7 37.4
Labor freedom 81.6 41.8
Monetary freedom 76.4 42.2
Trade freedom 79.4 55.8
Investment freedom 60 5
Financial freedom 70 5

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Iran
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Iran
2026 69.8 41.8
2025 69.7 42.5
2024 68.4 41.2
2023 71.1 42.2
2022 73.8 42.4
2021 73.9 47.2
2020 73.3 49.2
2019 72 51.1
2018 71.8 50.9
2017 72.3 50.5
2016 71.7 43.5
2015 71.2 41.8
2014 72.4 40.3
2013 71.8 43.2
2012 70.3 42.3
2011 71.9 42.1
2010 71.6 43.4
2009 71.2 44.6
2008 71.4 45
2007 71.6 45
2006 71.1 45
2005 68.8 50.5
2004 67.6 42.8
2003 67.6 43.2
2002 67.4 36.4
2001 68.1 35.9
2000 68.4 36.1
1999 64 36.8
1998 65.4 36
1997 65.2 34.5
1996 68.9 36.1
1995 70 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/iran | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 41.8 for Iran, ranking 185/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Iran
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
49.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
36.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.22%
2024
10.8%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$503B
2024
$469B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,160
2024
$19,820
2024
Total reserves including gold
$35.4B
2024
$7.69B
1982
Total reserves ranking
53/177
2024
85/177
1982
Net foreign direct investment
$135M
2024
-$39M
2000
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$1.45B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$89.4M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
0.08%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
18.7%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.6%
2024
44.3%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.