Skip to content

Economy of Austria vs Guatemala compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Austria has a GDP of $579B compared to $123B for Guatemala, ranking 29/197 and 67/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $466B in government debt (80.5% of GDP), compared to $33.5B (27.2% of GDP) in Guatemala.

Austria vs Guatemala GDP by year

Austria
Guatemala
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Guatemala
2025 $579,470,021,095 $123,306,008,821
2024 $534,790,720,467 $113,215,575,151
2023 $516,670,509,629 $104,298,081,429
2022 $473,221,298,968 $95,609,727,056
2021 $480,466,363,177 $86,455,522,273
2020 $434,397,601,558 $77,719,468,248
2019 $442,983,642,372 $77,172,331,693
2018 $452,582,294,973 $73,328,356,008
2017 $414,926,138,133 $71,653,780,740
2016 $393,687,359,770 $66,053,408,206
2015 $379,546,097,301 $62,186,066,548
2014 $438,556,021,078 $57,852,159,008
2013 $426,580,502,769 $52,996,420,177
2012 $406,750,487,604 $49,593,929,487
2011 $428,954,737,064 $46,876,006,272
2010 $389,827,789,218 $40,676,578,423
2009 $399,290,118,782 $37,126,148,265
2008 $429,234,399,096 $38,503,720,224
2007 $386,760,177,589 $33,567,850,824
2006 $333,905,979,332 $29,744,246,827
2005 $313,952,317,331 $26,783,389,294
2004 $299,210,411,455 $23,577,298,095
2003 $260,779,834,340 $21,576,351,799
2002 $212,837,224,023 $20,444,205,991
2001 $196,477,206,829 $18,405,220,247
2000 $196,181,599,831 $19,288,929,030
1999 $216,421,809,126 $18,318,412,251
1998 $217,068,085,816 $19,395,491,993
1997 $211,724,812,267 $17,790,026,222
1996 $235,952,581,232 $15,674,835,615
1995 $240,094,169,510 $14,655,404,433
1994 $202,738,023,130 $12,983,233,311
1993 $189,634,029,339 $11,400,017,301
1992 $194,314,032,056 $10,440,781,588
1991 $173,113,449,617 $9,406,135,143
1990 $165,811,372,383 $7,650,196,845
1989 $132,584,448,258 $8,410,724,361
1988 $132,817,124,707 $7,841,602,824
1987 $123,682,091,859 $7,084,399,840
1986 $98,648,254,169 $7,231,963,516
1985 $69,114,996,010 $9,721,652,087
1984 $67,719,055,773 $9,470,000,100
1983 $71,838,528,420 $9,050,000,400
1982 $70,996,111,963 $8,716,999,700
1981 $70,755,997,062 $8,607,500,300
1980 $81,737,498,405 $7,878,700,000
1979 $73,647,694,287 $6,902,600,200
1978 $61,809,208,756 $6,070,600,200
1977 $51,343,861,460 $5,480,500,200
1976 $42,791,707,448 $4,365,300,200
1975 $39,902,300,703 $3,645,900,000
1974 $35,051,468,640 $3,161,499,900
1973 $29,399,860,145 $2,569,200,100
1972 $21,973,207,929 $2,101,300,000
1971 $17,788,536,733 $1,984,800,000
1970 $15,312,791,744 $1,904,000,000
1969 $13,647,475,854 $1,715,399,900
1968 $12,499,863,917 $1,610,500,000
1967 $11,634,569,522 $1,453,500,000
1966 $10,939,526,219 $1,390,700,000
1965 $10,041,659,445 $1,331,399,900
1964 $9,213,648,656 $1,299,099,900
1963 $8,414,050,621 $1,262,800,000
1962 $7,793,042,529 $1,143,600,000
1961 $7,346,566,038 $1,076,699,900
1960 $6,624,086,313 $1,043,599,900

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/guatemala | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Guatemala by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Guatemala
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Guatemala
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $62,930 - $6,598 -
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $6,151 $14,369
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $5,754 $13,745
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $5,357 $13,014
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $4,913 $11,825
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $4,478 $10,947
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $4,512 $10,756
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $4,353 $9,947
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $4,325 $9,560
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $4,060 $9,201
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $3,894 $8,934
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $3,689 $8,237
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $3,444 $7,700
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $3,287 $7,258
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $3,169 $6,784
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $2,805 $6,510
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $2,612 $6,377
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $2,763 $6,435
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $2,459 $6,238
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $2,225 $5,833
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $2,046 $5,486
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $1,841 $5,263
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $1,723 $5,081
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $1,669 $4,969
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $1,538 $4,822
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $1,649 $4,715
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $1,604 $4,557
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $1,741 $4,437
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $1,638 $4,287
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $1,481 $4,143
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $1,421 $4,055
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $1,293 $3,886
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $1,166 $3,756
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $1,096 $3,626
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $1,014 $3,473
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $848 $3,330
1989 $17,401 - $958 -
1988 $17,510 - $919 -
1987 $16,329 - $854 -
1986 $13,032 - $896 -
1985 $9,136 - $1,238 -
1984 $8,956 - $1,241 -
1983 $9,500 - $1,220 -
1982 $9,373 - $1,204 -
1981 $9,348 - $1,216 -
1980 $10,827 - $1,142 -
1979 $9,755 - $1,026 -
1978 $8,173 - $925 -
1977 $6,784 - $856 -
1976 $5,656 - $697 -
1975 $5,265 - $595 -
1974 $4,613 - $529 -
1973 $3,875 - $441 -
1972 $2,913 - $370 -
1971 $2,372 - $358 -
1970 $2,051 - $353 -
1969 $1,834 - $326 -
1968 $1,686 - $315 -
1967 $1,577 - $291.9 -
1966 $1,494 - $287.3 -
1965 $1,381 - $283 -
1964 $1,275 - $284.2 -
1963 $1,173 - $284.4 -
1962 $1,093 - $265.2 -
1961 $1,037 - $257.2 -
1960 $940 - $256.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/guatemala | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $62,930, ranking 16/197, compared to $6,598 in Guatemala, ranking 108/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Guatemala ranks 116th at $14,369.

Economic indicators

Austria Guatemala
Gross domestic product
$579B
2025
$123B
2025
GDP rank
29/197
2025
67/197
2025
GDP growth
0.62%
2024-2025
4.28%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$62,930
2025
$6,598
2025
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2025
108/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$14,369
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
116/197
2024
Government debt
$466B
2025
$33.5B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.5%
2025
27.2%
2025
Government debt per person
$50,654
2025
$1,793
2025
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2025
122/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$38,467
2026
$4,432
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$211B
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
34.1%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
1.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
55.2%
2025
14.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.53%
2024-2025
1.49%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
4%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.78%
2025
1.9%
2024
Population
9201502
19115361

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Guatemala
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Guatemala
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 55.2% 80.5% 14.7% 27.2%
2024 55.2% 79.2% 13.4% 26.3%
2023 52.2% 77.8% 13.7% 27.2%
2022 53% 78.1% 14.3% 29%
2021 56% 82.4% 13.5% 30.6%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 15.6% 31.5%
2019 49.1% 71% 13.4% 26.4%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 13.2% 26.4%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 12.8% 25.1%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 12.6% 24.9%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 12.6% 24.8%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 13.6% 24.7%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 14% 25%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 14.2% 24.6%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 14.5% 23.8%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 14.5% 24%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 14.1% 22.8%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 13.3% 19.6%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 13.9% 20.8%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 14.2% 20.9%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 13.2% 20%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 12.9% 20.6%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 14.4% 19.8%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 13.1% 17.4%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 13.8% 19.1%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 13.6% 18%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 14.6% 22%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 13.2% 19%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 11.2% 18.5%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 9.85% 19.2%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 9.77% 21%
1994 54.3% 64.1% - -
1993 54.3% 61% - -
1992 49.3% 56.3% - -
1991 47.9% 56.4% - -
1990 46.8% 56.2% - -
1989 51.6% 56.6% - -
1988 53.1% 57.7% - -
1987 54.5% 55.5% - -
1986 54.3% 52% - -
1985 53.5% 47.8% - -
1984 52.6% 46% - -
1983 52.4% 43.7% - -
1982 52% 39.7% - -
1981 51.5% 37.5% - -
1980 50% 35.6% - -
1979 49.8% 34.1% - -
1978 50.8% 32.2% - -
1977 47.6% 28.5% - -
1976 47.9% 26.2% - -
1975 46.1% 22.8% - -
1974 42% 16.8% - -
1973 41.5% 16.7% - -
1972 40.1% 16.7% - -
1971 40% 17.4% - -
1970 39.5% 18.6% - -
1969 40.7% 16.8% - -
1968 40.9% 16.8% - -
1967 40.7% 15.6% - -
1966 38.7% 14.1% - -
1965 38.3% 14.8% - -
1964 38.7% 15.5% - -
1963 38.6% 15.6% - -
1962 37.6% 15.5% - -
1961 35.7% 16% - -
1960 36.3% 17.7% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/guatemala | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government spending was $320B, accounting for 55.2% of its GDP, while Guatemala spent $18.2B, or 14.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.5% in Austria and 27.2% in Guatemala, ranking 42/185 and 163/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Guatemala
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Guatemala
2025 -4.52% -1.91%
2024 -4.68% -0.96%
2023 -2.59% -1.25%
2022 -3.41% -1.7%
2021 -5.69% -1.16%
2020 -8.2% -4.91%
2019 0.54% -2.24%
2018 0.2% -1.88%
2017 -0.78% -1.38%
2016 -1.45% -1.11%
2015 -0.48% -1.47%
2014 -1.92% -1.92%
2013 -1.99% -2.16%
2012 -2.18% -2.42%
2011 -2.48% -2.8%
2010 -4.46% -3.28%
2009 -5.38% -3.12%
2008 -1.57% -1.57%
2007 -1.56% -1.4%
2006 -2.61% -1.88%
2005 -2.59% -1.67%
2004 -4.94% -1.05%
2003 -1.84% -2.47%
2002 -1.43% -1.03%
2001 -0.71% -2%
2000 -2.07% -1.88%
1999 -2.63% -2.96%
1998 -2.68% -2.29%
1997 -2.38% -0.79%
1996 -4.38% 0.04%
1995 -6.17% -0.53%
1994 -5.04% -
1993 -4.57% -
1992 -2.15% -
1991 -2.96% -
1990 -2.58% -
1989 -3.07% -
1988 -3.43% -
1987 -4.33% -
1986 -3.84% -
1985 -2.71% -
1984 -2.67% -
1983 -4.22% -
1982 -3.29% -
1981 -1.79% -
1980 -1.62% -
1979 -2.3% -
1978 -2.67% -
1977 -2.11% -
1976 -3.61% -
1975 -2.41% -
1974 1.23% -
1973 1.24% -
1972 1.97% -
1971 1.46% -
1970 1.16% -
1969 -0.08% -
1968 -0.83% -
1967 -0.56% -
1966 1.73% -
1965 1.38% -
1964 0.48% -
1963 -0.5% -
1962 1.12% -
1961 1.68% -
1960 -0.49% -
1959 -2.16% -
1958 -3.52% -
1957 -0.7% -
1956 -0.78% -
1955 -0.5% -
1954 -0.35% -
1953 -0.24% -
1952 -0.73% -
1951 -1.57% -
1950 -7.72% -
1949 -9.23% -
1948 -9.3% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -2.84% -
1936 -3.91% -
1935 -5.46% -
1934 -5.28% -
1933 -3.55% -
1932 -9.16% -
1931 -11.5% -
1930 -9.68% -
1929 -6.83% -
1928 -7.63% -
1927 -7.3% -
1926 -6.18% -
1925 -4.96% -
1924 -5.69% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -
1912 -0.69% -
1911 0.03% -
1910 -0.42% -
1909 -5.51% -
1908 -1.24% -
1907 -2.73% -
1906 -0.05% -
1905 -0.71% -
1904 -1.12% -
1903 -0.97% -
1902 -0.75% -
1901 -0.56% -
1900 -0.05% -
1899 -0.08% -
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/guatemala | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $26.2B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Guatemala's deficit of $2.36B, or 1.91% of GDP.

Over the past 31 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while Guatemala ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.81% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.84% of GDP for Guatemala.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Guatemala
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Guatemala
2025 3.53% 1.49%
2024 2.94% 2.87%
2023 7.81% 6.21%
2022 8.55% 6.89%
2021 2.77% 4.26%
2020 1.38% 3.21%
2019 1.53% 3.7%
2018 2% 3.75%
2017 2.08% 4.42%
2016 0.89% 4.45%
2015 0.9% 2.39%
2014 1.61% 3.42%
2013 2% 4.34%
2012 2.49% 3.78%
2011 3.29% 6.21%
2010 1.81% 3.86%
2009 0.51% 1.86%
2008 3.22% 11.4%
2007 2.17% 6.82%
2006 1.44% 6.56%
2005 2.3% 9.11%
2004 2.06% 7.58%
2003 1.36% 5.6%
2002 1.81% 8.13%
2001 2.65% 7.29%
2000 2.34% 5.98%
1999 0.57% 5.21%
1998 0.92% 6.61%
1997 1.31% 9.23%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/guatemala | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.35%, compared with 5.4% in Guatemala. In 2025, inflation was 3.53% in Austria and 1.49% in Guatemala.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $17.6M
Machinery & equipment $17.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.86M
Metals $2.18M
Wood & paper products $1.73M
Raw agricultural goods $583K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $369K
Raw materials & minerals $283K
Miscellaneous $108K
Animal & marine products $67K
Guatemala
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $257K
Animal & marine products $92K
Machinery & equipment $80K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $47K
Textiles & consumer goods $36K
Chemicals & pharma $14K
Raw materials & minerals $5K
Precious metals & jewellery $2K
Metals $1K

Balance of trade

Austria Guatemala
Current account balance
$10.4B
2025
$3.27B
2024
Current account balance ranking
24/190
2025
36/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.79%
2025
+2.89%
2024
Goods imports
$208B
2025
$29.1B
2024
Goods exports
$214B
2025
$13.3B
2024
Service imports
$98.3B
2025
$6.45B
2024
Service exports
$105B
2025
$4.65B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.3%
2025
31%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
54.7%
2025
15.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Guatemala
Economic freedom 69.8 63.5
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 79/197
Property rights 95.7 39.1
Government integrity 75 25.2
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 26.1
Tax burden 45.7 91.3
Government spending 12.8 94.3
Fiscal health 67.1 95.9
Business freedom 78.7 65.7
Labor freedom 81.6 52.5
Monetary freedom 76.4 77.3
Trade freedom 79.4 74.6
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 70 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Guatemala
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Guatemala
2026 69.8 63.5
2025 69.7 63.4
2024 68.4 62.4
2023 71.1 62.7
2022 73.8 63.2
2021 73.9 64
2020 73.3 64
2019 72 62.6
2018 71.8 63.4
2017 72.3 63
2016 71.7 61.8
2015 71.2 60.4
2014 72.4 61.2
2013 71.8 60
2012 70.3 60.9
2011 71.9 61.9
2010 71.6 61
2009 71.2 59.4
2008 71.4 59.8
2007 71.6 60.5
2006 71.1 59.1
2005 68.8 59.5
2004 67.6 59.6
2003 67.6 62.3
2002 67.4 62.3
2001 68.1 65.1
2000 68.4 64.3
1999 64 66.2
1998 65.4 65.8
1997 65.2 65.7
1996 68.9 63.7
1995 70 62

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/guatemala | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 63.5 for Guatemala, ranking 79/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Guatemala
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2025
62.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2025
21.8%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.26%
2025
9.55%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$556B
2025
$119B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$77,010
2025
$15,020
2025
Total reserves including gold
$53.4B
2025
$32.8B
2025
Total reserves ranking
46/177
2025
57/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$5.61B
2025
-$983M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$1.85B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$865M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
1.75%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
56%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.7%
2025
16.8%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/guatemala | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.