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Economy of Austria vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Austria has a GDP of $579B compared to $264B for New Zealand, ranking 29/197 and 53/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $466B in government debt (80.5% of GDP), compared to $145B (54.7% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Austria vs New Zealand GDP by year

Austria
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria New Zealand
2025 $579,470,021,095 $264,057,413,740
2024 $534,790,720,467 $261,497,198,364
2023 $516,670,509,629 $256,372,177,758
2022 $473,221,298,968 $249,723,029,451
2021 $480,466,363,177 $253,732,493,988
2020 $434,397,601,558 $213,318,129,989
2019 $442,983,642,372 $213,088,034,258
2018 $452,582,294,973 $211,726,161,989
2017 $414,926,138,133 $206,561,943,051
2016 $393,687,359,770 $188,980,351,891
2015 $379,546,097,301 $178,147,457,243
2014 $438,556,021,078 $201,435,445,068
2013 $426,580,502,769 $190,943,478,290
2012 $406,750,487,604 $176,508,049,114
2011 $428,954,737,064 $168,458,838,711
2010 $389,827,789,218 $146,887,902,524
2009 $399,290,118,782 $121,663,439,315
2008 $429,234,399,096 $133,437,126,590
2007 $386,760,177,589 $137,188,946,866
2006 $333,905,979,332 $111,538,810,713
2005 $313,952,317,331 $114,720,129,550
2004 $299,210,411,455 $103,905,210,084
2003 $260,779,834,340 $88,250,885,550
2002 $212,837,224,023 $66,627,729,311
2001 $196,477,206,829 $53,872,425,917
2000 $196,181,599,831 $52,623,281,957
1999 $216,421,809,126 $58,762,260,626
1998 $217,068,085,816 $56,227,169,851
1997 $211,724,812,267 $66,075,143,415
1996 $235,952,581,232 $70,140,835,299
1995 $240,094,169,510 $63,918,703,507
1994 $202,738,023,130 $55,314,732,279
1993 $189,634,029,339 $46,775,620,817
1992 $194,314,032,056 $41,649,829,860
1991 $173,113,449,617 $42,745,329,732
1990 $165,811,372,383 $45,495,129,385
1989 $132,584,448,258 $43,920,222,525
1988 $132,817,124,707 $45,176,811,594
1987 $123,682,091,859 $40,376,354,070
1986 $98,648,254,169 $30,604,668,357
1985 $69,114,996,010 $24,679,795,396
1984 $67,719,055,773 $21,665,975,319
1983 $71,838,528,420 $24,309,279,706
1982 $70,996,111,963 $24,164,603,059
1981 $70,755,997,062 $24,417,617,184
1980 $81,737,498,405 $23,244,547,385
1979 $73,647,694,287 $20,731,243,113
1978 $61,809,208,756 $18,530,518,395
1977 $51,343,861,460 $15,446,825,318
1976 $42,791,707,448 $13,604,832,424
1975 $39,902,300,703 $12,861,983,284
1974 $35,051,468,640 $13,940,981,798
1973 $29,399,860,145 $12,802,281,898
1972 $21,973,207,929 $9,567,331,065
1971 $17,788,536,733 $7,911,136,757
1970 $15,312,791,744 $6,495,605,331
1969 $13,647,475,854 $5,814,357,709
1968 $12,499,863,917 $5,228,045,415
1967 $11,634,569,522 $6,016,017,227
1966 $10,939,526,219 $5,917,437,693
1965 $10,041,659,445 $5,706,251,400
1964 $9,213,648,656 $7,340,766,415
1963 $8,414,050,621 $6,699,741,645
1962 $7,793,042,529 $6,133,158,532
1961 $7,346,566,038 $5,721,994,864
1960 $6,624,086,313 $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs New Zealand by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $62,930 - $49,591 -
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $49,432 $55,551
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $49,302 $54,697
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $49,142 $54,034
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $49,902 $48,249
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $42,055 $45,513
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $42,872 $45,278
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $43,204 $42,527
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $42,912 $42,244
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $40,088 $39,989
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $38,649 $37,513
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $44,600 $37,331
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $42,985 $36,263
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $40,042 $33,055
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $38,426 $32,739
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $17,401 - $13,312 -
1988 $17,510 - $13,759 -
1987 $16,329 - $12,331 -
1986 $13,032 - $9,428 -
1985 $9,136 - $7,601 -
1984 $8,956 - $6,714 -
1983 $9,500 - $7,598 -
1982 $9,373 - $7,656 -
1981 $9,348 - $7,814 -
1980 $10,827 - $7,467 -
1979 $9,755 - $6,668 -
1978 $8,173 - $5,937 -
1977 $6,784 - $4,951 -
1976 $5,656 - $4,374 -
1975 $5,265 - $4,172 -
1974 $4,613 - $4,611 -
1973 $3,875 - $4,323 -
1972 $2,913 - $3,295 -
1971 $2,372 - $2,773 -
1970 $2,051 - $2,311 -
1969 $1,834 - $2,097 -
1968 $1,686 - $1,902 -
1967 $1,577 - $2,208 -
1966 $1,494 - $2,211 -
1965 $1,381 - $2,171 -
1964 $1,275 - $2,839 -
1963 $1,173 - $2,646 -
1962 $1,093 - $2,471 -
1961 $1,037 - $2,365 -
1960 $940 - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/new-zealand | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $62,930, ranking 16/197, compared to $49,591 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Austria New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$579B
2025
$264B
2025
GDP rank
29/197
2025
53/197
2025
GDP growth
0.62%
2024-2025
0.46%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$62,930
2025
$49,591
2025
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$466B
2025
$145B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.5%
2025
54.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$50,654
2025
$27,139
2025
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2025
27/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$38,467
2026
$36,222
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$211B
2025
$103B
2025
Number of billionaires
9
2026
5
2026
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
55.2%
2025
41.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.53%
2024-2025
2.84%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.78%
2025
5.26%
2025
Population
9201502
5380024

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 55.2% 80.5% 41.6% 54.7%
2024 55.2% 79.2% 41.7% 51.4%
2023 52.2% 77.8% 41% 47.3%
2022 53% 78.1% 41.7% 46.9%
2021 56% 82.4% 41.8% 47.5%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 41.9% 43.2%
2019 49.1% 71% 38.7% 31.8%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 36.4% 33.4%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 37.6% 34.2%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 38.6% 34.6%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 42.3% 34.7%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 38.4% 19%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 37% 16.3%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 37.8% 18.4%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 36.1% 22.5%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 36.6% 24.7%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 36.7% 26.4%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 38.2% 30%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 39.2% 32%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 39.8% 37.3%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 41.6% 43.5%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 42.7% 48.9%
1993 54.3% 61% 46.7% 54.6%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 52.4% 58.7%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 52.9% 58%
1990 46.8% 56.2% 49.5% 55.5%
1989 51.6% 56.6% 47.8% 54.9%
1988 53.1% 57.7% 46.1% 54.7%
1987 54.5% 55.5% 46.1% 62.9%
1986 54.3% 52% 46.9% 68.5%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 46.2% 64.1%
1984 52.6% 46% 40.7% 62.8%
1983 52.4% 43.7% 41.4% 59.6%
1982 52% 39.7% 39.9% 51.5%
1981 51.5% 37.5% 39.1% 50.5%
1980 50% 35.6% 38% 52.2%
1979 49.8% 34.1% 38.4% 52%
1978 50.8% 32.2% 36.6% 50%
1977 47.6% 28.5% 30% 44.6%
1976 47.9% 26.2% 31.6% 47.6%
1975 46.1% 22.8% 30.1% 41.4%
1974 42% 16.8% 27.3% 39.6%
1973 41.5% 16.7% 27.1% 44%
1972 40.1% 16.7% 26.4% 46%
1971 40% 17.4% 26.8% 71.3%
1970 39.5% 18.6% 24.8% 76.5%
1969 40.7% 16.8% 25.9% 85.8%
1968 40.9% 16.8% 26.2% 86.5%
1967 40.7% 15.6% 26% 59.7%
1966 38.7% 14.1% 25% 58.2%
1965 38.3% 14.8% 24.9% 59.6%
1964 38.7% 15.5% 19.4% 61.8%
1963 38.6% 15.6% 19.4% 64.5%
1962 37.6% 15.5% 21.6% 65%
1961 35.7% 16% 21.1% 64.6%
1960 36.3% 17.7% 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government spending was $320B, accounting for 55.2% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $110B, or 41.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.5% in Austria and 54.7% in New Zealand, ranking 42/185 and 91/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria New Zealand
2025 -4.52% -3.86%
2024 -4.68% -3.21%
2023 -2.59% -3.22%
2022 -3.41% -3.96%
2021 -5.69% -3.35%
2020 -8.2% -4.21%
2019 0.54% -2.44%
2018 0.2% 1.31%
2017 -0.78% 1.38%
2016 -1.45% 0.98%
2015 -0.48% 0.37%
2014 -1.92% -0.33%
2013 -1.99% -1.28%
2012 -2.18% -2.18%
2011 -2.48% -4.94%
2010 -4.46% -5.49%
2009 -5.38% -1.8%
2008 -1.57% 1.48%
2007 -1.56% 3.6%
2006 -2.61% 4.62%
2005 -2.59% 5.13%
2004 -4.94% 4.49%
2003 -1.84% 3.69%
2002 -1.43% 2.56%
2001 -0.71% 1.29%
2000 -2.07% 0.18%
1999 -2.63% -1.1%
1998 -2.68% -0.47%
1997 -2.38% 1.24%
1996 -4.38% 2.58%
1995 -6.17% 3.7%
1994 -5.04% 2%
1993 -4.57% -1.51%
1992 -2.15% -6.25%
1991 -2.96% -6.12%
1990 -2.58% -2.72%
1989 -3.07% -2.16%
1988 -3.43% -1.88%
1987 -4.33% -3.43%
1986 -3.84% -5.33%
1985 -2.71% -6.97%
1984 -2.67% -8.68%
1983 -4.22% -6.64%
1982 -3.29% -6.26%
1981 -1.79% -6.02%
1980 -1.62% -4.9%
1979 -2.3% -6.55%
1978 -2.67% -3.41%
1977 -2.11% -1.09%
1976 -3.61% -2.07%
1975 -2.41% 0.11%
1974 1.23% 0.03%
1973 1.24% -0.07%
1972 1.97% 0.12%
1971 1.46% 0.09%
1970 1.16% -0.05%
1969 -0.08% 0.17%
1968 -0.83% 0.03%
1967 -0.56% 0.02%
1966 1.73% 0.09%
1965 1.38% 0.26%
1964 0.48% -0.08%
1963 -0.5% -0.26%
1962 1.12% 0.02%
1961 1.68% 0.03%
1960 -0.49% 0.05%
1959 -2.16% 0.03%
1958 -3.52% -0.02%
1957 -0.7% 0.32%
1956 -0.78% 1.33%
1955 -0.5% 0.73%
1954 -0.35% 0.22%
1953 -0.24% 0.43%
1952 -0.73% 1.73%
1951 -1.57% 1.17%
1950 -7.72% 0.78%
1949 -9.23% 0.53%
1948 -9.3% 0.36%
1947 - 1.07%
1946 - 0.31%
1945 - 0.32%
1944 - 0.59%
1943 - 1.24%
1942 - 0.56%
1941 - 0.64%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 - 0.34%
1938 - 0.38%
1937 -2.84% 0.23%
1936 -3.91% 0.17%
1935 -5.46% 1.19%
1934 -5.28% -0.55%
1933 -3.55% 0.02%
1932 -9.16% -1.77%
1931 -11.5% -1.12%
1930 -9.68% 0.09%
1929 -6.83% -0.37%
1928 -7.63% 0.12%
1927 -7.3% 0.4%
1926 -6.18% 0.72%
1925 -4.96% 0.78%
1924 -5.69% 1.2%
1923 - 0.95%
1922 - -0.2%
1921 - 3.55%
1920 - 1.51%
1919 - 2.9%
1918 - 4.35%
1917 - 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 - 0.79%
1912 -0.69% 0.89%
1911 0.03% 1.24%
1910 -0.42% 0.36%
1909 -5.51% 0.31%
1908 -1.24% 1.26%
1907 -2.73% 1.13%
1906 -0.05% 0.97%
1905 -0.71% 1.41%
1904 -1.12% 1.42%
1903 -0.97% 0.55%
1902 -0.75% 0.63%
1901 -0.56% 1.11%
1900 -0.05% 1.59%
1899 -0.08% 1.15%
1898 -0.17% 1.38%
1897 0.1% 0.86%
1896 0.03% 0.65%
1895 0.36% 0.32%
1894 -1.16% 0.76%
1893 -1.31% 1.14%
1892 -0.86% 0.09%
1891 -4.01% 0.46%
1890 -0.26% 0.05%
1889 -1.61% 0.59%
1888 -0.97% -1.64%
1887 -1.09% -1.63%
1886 -0.43% -0.53%
1885 -0.57% -0.47%
1884 -6.43% -0.1%
1883 -0.69% 0.38%
1882 -1.06% 0.18%
1881 -3.91% -2.33%
1880 -1.4% -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $26.2B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $10.2B, or 3.86% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 54 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 37 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.08% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.25% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria New Zealand
2025 3.53% 2.84%
2024 2.94% 2.92%
2023 7.81% 5.73%
2022 8.55% 7.17%
2021 2.77% 3.94%
2020 1.38% 1.71%
2019 1.53% 1.62%
2018 2% 1.6%
2017 2.08% 1.85%
2016 0.89% 0.65%
2015 0.9% 0.29%
2014 1.61% 1.23%
2013 2% 1.13%
2012 2.49% 1.06%
2011 3.29% 4.03%
2010 1.81% 2.3%
2009 0.51% 2.12%
2008 3.22% 3.96%
2007 2.17% 2.38%
2006 1.44% 3.37%
2005 2.3% 3.04%
2004 2.06% 2.29%
2003 1.36% 1.75%
2002 1.81% 2.68%
2001 2.65% 2.63%
2000 2.34% 2.62%
1999 0.57% -0.11%
1998 0.92% 1.27%
1997 1.31% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.35%, compared with 2.39% in New Zealand. In 2025, inflation was 3.53% in Austria and 2.84% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $92.6M
Chemicals & pharma $22.9M
IT & IP services $22.7M
Business & finance services $19.5M
Transport & tourism services $15.1M
Metals $13.8M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $8.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $7.97M
Weapons & explosives $5.31M
Precious metals & jewellery $4.54M
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $10.7M
Transport & tourism services $5.7M
Raw materials & minerals $5.05M
Chemicals & pharma $2.97M
Animal & marine products $1.51M
Textiles & consumer goods $999K
Precious metals & jewellery $837K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $780K
Raw agricultural goods $286K
Metals $274K

Balance of trade

Austria New Zealand
Current account balance
$10.4B
2025
-$9.56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
24/190
2025
174/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.79%
2025
-3.62%
2025
Goods imports
$208B
2025
$48.2B
2025
Goods exports
$214B
2025
$47.2B
2025
Service imports
$98.3B
2025
$20.3B
2025
Service exports
$105B
2025
$19.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.3%
2025
26%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
54.7%
2025
24.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria New Zealand
Economic freedom 69.8 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 13/197
Property rights 95.7 85.4
Government integrity 75 90
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 95.9
Tax burden 45.7 66.1
Government spending 12.8 48
Fiscal health 67.1 72.2
Business freedom 78.7 89.1
Labor freedom 81.6 68.6
Monetary freedom 76.4 77.4
Trade freedom 79.4 90.6
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria New Zealand
2026 69.8 77.8
2025 69.7 78.1
2024 68.4 77.8
2023 71.1 78.9
2022 73.8 80.6
2021 73.9 83.9
2020 73.3 84.1
2019 72 84.4
2018 71.8 84.2
2017 72.3 83.7
2016 71.7 81.6
2015 71.2 82.1
2014 72.4 81.2
2013 71.8 81.4
2012 70.3 82.1
2011 71.9 82.3
2010 71.6 82.1
2009 71.2 82
2008 71.4 80.7
2007 71.6 81.4
2006 71.1 82
2005 68.8 82.3
2004 67.6 81.5
2003 67.6 81.1
2002 67.4 80.7
2001 68.1 81.1
2000 68.4 80.9
1999 64 81.7
1998 65.4 79.2
1997 65.2 79
1996 68.9 78.1
1995 70 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2025
68.2%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2025
19.4%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.26%
2025
4.01%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$556B
2025
$248B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$77,010
2025
$53,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$53.4B
2025
$28.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
46/177
2025
59/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$5.61B
2025
-$3.58B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$882M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.7%
2025
23.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/new-zealand | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.