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Economy of Argentina vs Austria compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Argentina has a GDP of $638B compared to $535B for Austria, ranking 24/197 and 30/197 by economy size, respectively.

Argentina has $540B in government debt (84.7% of GDP), compared to $432B (80.8% of GDP) in Austria.

Argentina vs Austria GDP by year

Argentina
Austria
1x
Year GDP, current $
Argentina Austria
2024 $638,365,455,340 $534,790,720,467
2023 $649,461,687,959 $516,670,509,629
2022 $633,993,756,301 $473,221,298,968
2021 $486,564,085,480 $480,466,363,177
2020 $385,740,508,437 $434,397,601,558
2019 $447,754,683,615 $442,983,642,372
2018 $524,819,892,360 $452,582,294,973
2017 $643,628,393,281 $414,926,138,133
2016 $557,532,320,663 $393,687,359,770
2015 $594,749,285,413 $379,546,097,301
2014 $526,319,673,732 $438,556,021,078
2013 $552,025,140,252 $426,580,502,769
2012 $545,982,375,701 $406,750,487,604
2011 $530,158,122,010 $428,954,737,064
2010 $423,627,422,092 $389,827,789,218
2009 $332,976,484,578 $399,290,118,782
2008 $361,558,037,110 $429,234,399,096
2007 $287,530,508,431 $386,760,177,589
2006 $232,557,260,817 $333,905,979,332
2005 $198,737,095,012 $313,952,317,331
2004 $164,657,930,453 $299,210,411,455
2003 $127,586,973,492 $260,779,834,340
2002 $97,724,004,252 $212,837,224,023
2001 $268,696,750,000 $196,477,206,829
2000 $284,203,750,000 $196,181,599,831
1999 $283,523,000,000 $216,421,809,126
1998 $298,948,250,000 $217,068,085,816
1997 $292,859,000,000 $211,724,812,267
1996 $272,149,750,000 $235,952,581,232
1995 $258,031,750,000 $240,094,169,510
1994 $257,440,000,000 $202,738,023,130
1993 $236,741,715,015 $189,634,029,339
1992 $228,778,917,308 $194,314,032,056
1991 $189,719,984,268 $173,113,449,617
1990 $141,352,654,305 $165,811,372,383
1989 $76,629,728,760 $132,584,448,258
1988 $126,890,235,049 $132,817,124,707
1987 $108,810,885,301 $123,682,091,859
1986 $105,872,372,614 $98,648,254,169
1985 $88,150,891,728 $69,114,996,010
1984 $116,915,052,107 $67,719,055,773
1983 $103,979,106,778 $71,838,528,420
1982 $84,307,486,837 $70,996,111,963
1981 $78,676,842,367 $70,755,997,062
1980 $76,961,923,741 $81,737,498,405
1979 $69,252,328,952 $73,647,694,287
1978 $89,049,453,088 $61,809,208,756
1977 $56,781,000,101 $51,343,861,460
1976 $51,169,499,892 $42,791,707,448
1975 $52,438,647,922 $39,902,300,703
1974 $72,436,777,342 $35,051,468,640
1973 $52,544,000,117 $29,399,860,145
1972 $34,733,000,536 $21,973,207,929
1971 $33,293,199,095 $17,788,536,733
1970 $31,584,210,366 $15,312,791,744
1969 $31,256,284,544 $13,647,475,854
1968 $26,436,857,247 $12,499,863,917
1967 $24,256,667,553 $11,634,569,522
1966 $28,630,474,728 $10,939,526,219
1965 $28,344,705,967 $10,041,659,445
1964 $25,605,249,382 $9,213,648,656
1963 $18,272,123,664 $8,414,050,621
1962 $18,337,691,145 $7,793,042,529
1961 $20,132,220,375 $7,346,566,038
1960 $15,865,474,315 $6,624,086,313

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/austria | CC BY

GDP per capita in Argentina vs Austria by year

Argentina
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Argentina Austria
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $13,970 $30,431 $58,269 $73,911
2023 $14,262 $30,221 $56,580 $73,545
2022 $13,962 $29,809 $52,337 $72,065
2021 $10,738 $26,300 $53,649 $62,969
2020 $8,536 $22,393 $48,716 $58,523
2019 $9,956 $23,517 $49,886 $60,355
2018 $11,753 $24,410 $51,194 $56,636
2017 $14,533 $23,385 $47,164 $53,870
2016 $12,700 $20,106 $45,061 $52,398
2015 $13,680 $19,899 $43,915 $49,549
2014 $12,233 $19,487 $51,315 $48,355
2013 $12,964 $19,929 $50,305 $47,520
2012 $12,950 $19,430 $48,250 $46,156
2011 $12,704 $19,105 $51,117 $44,172
2010 $10,260 $17,848 $46,611 $41,735
2009 $8,150 $16,182 $47,857 $40,687
2008 $8,944 $17,277 $51,581 $41,047
2007 $7,185 $16,455 $46,623 $39,192
2006 $5,869 $14,844 $40,382 $37,388
2005 $5,068 $13,465 $38,157 $34,777
2004 $4,242 $12,118 $36,614 $33,519
2003 $3,320 $10,933 $32,110 $31,959
2002 $2,570 $9,953 $26,335 $30,952
2001 $7,141 $11,118 $24,430 $29,553
2000 $7,637 $11,500 $24,487 $29,221
1999 $7,706 $11,464 $27,079 $27,500
1998 $8,219 $11,836 $27,212 $26,531
1997 $8,147 $11,403 $26,572 $25,301
1996 $7,663 $10,496 $29,646 $24,427
1995 $7,358 $9,891 $30,207 $23,604
1994 $7,438 $10,103 $25,546 $22,553
1993 $6,932 $9,472 $23,987 $21,647
1992 $6,790 $8,668 $24,783 $21,209
1991 $5,709 $7,961 $22,323 $20,536
1990 $4,315 $7,158 $21,596 $19,396
1989 $2,375 - $17,401 -
1988 $3,993 - $17,510 -
1987 $3,477 - $16,329 -
1986 $3,436 - $13,032 -
1985 $2,906 - $9,136 -
1984 $3,915 - $8,956 -
1983 $3,538 - $9,500 -
1982 $2,915 - $9,373 -
1981 $2,764 - $9,348 -
1980 $2,748 - $10,827 -
1979 $2,512 - $9,755 -
1978 $3,282 - $8,173 -
1977 $2,126 - $6,784 -
1976 $1,947 - $5,656 -
1975 $2,027 - $5,265 -
1974 $2,845 - $4,613 -
1973 $2,098 - $3,875 -
1972 $1,409 - $2,913 -
1971 $1,373 - $2,372 -
1970 $1,323 - $2,051 -
1969 $1,330 - $1,834 -
1968 $1,142 - $1,686 -
1967 $1,064 - $1,577 -
1966 $1,275 - $1,494 -
1965 $1,282 - $1,381 -
1964 $1,176 - $1,275 -
1963 $853 - $1,173 -
1962 $870 - $1,093 -
1961 $971 - $1,037 -
1960 $778 - $940 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/austria | CC BY

Argentina's GDP per capita is $13,970, ranking 72/197, compared to $58,269 in Austria, ranking 16/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Argentina ranks 73rd at $30,431, while Austria ranks 19th at $73,911.

Economic indicators

Argentina Austria
Gross domestic product
$638B
2024
$535B
2024
GDP rank
24/197
2024
30/197
2024
GDP growth
-1.34%
2023-2024
-0.66%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$13,970
2024
$58,269
2024
GDP per capita rank
72/197
2024
16/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$30,431
2024
$73,911
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
73/197
2024
19/197
2024
Government debt
$540B
2024
$432B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
84.7%
2024
80.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$11,826
2024
$47,075
2024
Government debt per person rank
46/185
2024
10/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$8,743
2026
$40,736
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$52.9B
2022
$121B
2024
Number of billionaires
5
2025
9
2025
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2024
24.8%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2024
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
31%
2024
56%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
219.9%
2023-2024
2.94%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
29%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
1.69%
2024
5.16%
2024
Population
46048053
9163419

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Argentina
Spending

Debt
Austria
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Argentina Austria
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 31% 84.7% 56% 80.8%
2023 37.6% 154.6% 52.7% 78.5%
2022 37.6% 84.3% 53% 78.4%
2021 37.9% 81% 56% 82.4%
2020 42.5% 103.8% 57.3% 83.2%
2019 38.1% 89.8% 49.1% 71%
2018 38.9% 85.2% 49.2% 74.6%
2017 41.1% 57% 49.8% 79.1%
2016 41.5% 53.1% 50.6% 83.4%
2015 41.4% 52.6% 51.2% 85.6%
2014 38.9% 44.7% 52.4% 85.2%
2013 37.6% 43.5% 52.4% 82.4%
2012 36.8% 40.4% 51.8% 82.9%
2011 34.9% 38.9% 51.3% 83.4%
2010 33.4% 43.5% 53.4% 83.7%
2009 34.5% 55.4% 54.6% 80.8%
2008 30.8% 53.8% 50.4% 69.5%
2007 29.6% 62.1% 49.7% 65.8%
2006 26.6% 70.8% 50.9% 68.2%
2005 24.4% 80.3% 51.7% 69.4%
2004 23% 117.9% 54.3% 65.9%
2003 22% 125.2% 51.8% 66.4%
2002 21.9% 147.2% 51.6% 67.4%
2001 26.4% 48% 51.8% 67.2%
2000 25.2% 40.8% 50.9% 66.1%
1999 25.5% 38.9% 50.5% 61.3%
1998 23.1% 34.1% 54.4% 69.2%
1997 22.6% 31.7% 52.5% 63.4%
1996 22.7% 32.6% 55.9% 68.2%
1995 22.9% 30.7% 56.1% 68.2%
1994 22.9% 28.4% 54.3% 64.1%
1993 22% 26.9% 54.3% 61%
1992 12.1% 25% 49.3% 56.3%
1991 11.4% 35.7% 47.9% 56.4%
1990 11% 48.5% 46.8% 56.2%
1989 11% 118.2% 51.6% 56.6%
1988 12.3% 61.4% 53.1% 57.7%
1987 13.7% 74.1% 54.5% 55.5%
1986 13.7% 55.9% 54.3% 52%
1985 14.7% 55.2% 53.5% 47.8%
1984 13% 54.6% 52.6% 46%
1983 14.2% 64.2% 52.4% 43.7%
1982 15.9% 52.2% 52% 39.7%
1981 17% 26.5% 51.5% 37.5%
1980 15.2% 11.4% 50% 35.6%
1979 14.5% 12.4% 49.8% 34.1%
1978 14.9% 17.5% 50.8% 32.2%
1977 12.6% 25.1% 47.6% 28.5%
1976 13% 28.7% 47.9% 26.2%
1975 12.5% 33.8% 46.1% 22.8%
1974 14% 13% 42% 16.8%
1973 12.6% 12% 41.5% 16.7%
1972 11.2% 17.1% 40.1% 16.7%
1971 11.7% 15.2% 40% 17.4%
1970 12% 13.5% 39.5% 18.6%
1969 12.3% 9.63% 40.7% 16.8%
1968 12.8% 9.43% 40.9% 16.8%
1967 13% 10.9% 40.7% 15.6%
1966 12.1% 13.4% 38.7% 14.1%
1965 11.6% 15.9% 38.3% 14.8%
1964 11.8% 16.8% 38.7% 15.5%
1963 11.2% 23.4% 38.6% 15.6%
1962 11.3% 25.1% 37.6% 15.5%
1961 12.3% 8.69% 35.7% 16%
1960 11.3% 8.39% 36.3% 17.7%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/austria | CC BY

In 2024, Argentina's government spending was $198B, accounting for 31% of its GDP, while Austria spent $300B, or 56% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 84.7% in Argentina and 80.8% in Austria, ranking 39/185 and 44/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Argentina

Austria
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Argentina Austria
2024 0.46% -4.64%
2023 -5.33% -2.62%
2022 -3.84% -3.31%
2021 -4.33% -5.69%
2020 -8.67% -8.2%
2019 -4.44% 0.54%
2018 -5.44% 0.2%
2017 -6.69% -0.78%
2016 -6.65% -1.45%
2015 -6% -0.48%
2014 -4.25% -1.92%
2013 -3.25% -1.99%
2012 -3.02% -2.18%
2011 -2.75% -2.48%
2010 -1.39% -4.46%
2009 -1.83% -5.38%
2008 0.35% -1.57%
2007 0.76% -1.56%
2006 1.65% -2.61%
2005 3.34% -2.59%
2004 3.97% -4.94%
2003 1.5% -1.84%
2002 -1.91% -1.43%
2001 -5.36% -0.71%
2000 -3.42% -2.07%
1999 -3.71% -2.63%
1998 -1.83% -2.68%
1997 -1.84% -2.38%
1996 -2.81% -4.38%
1995 -2.07% -6.17%
1994 -1.25% -5.04%
1993 -0.02% -4.57%
1992 1.54% -2.15%
1991 0.96% -2.96%
1990 -0.14% -2.58%
1989 -0.25% -3.07%
1988 -1.75% -3.43%
1987 1.89% -4.33%
1986 3.3% -3.84%
1985 3.6% -2.71%
1984 -1.39% -2.67%
1983 -2.89% -4.22%
1982 -4.68% -3.29%
1981 -3.93% -1.79%
1980 -1.14% -1.62%
1979 -1.5% -2.3%
1978 -1.36% -2.67%
1977 -0.54% -2.11%
1976 -2.39% -3.61%
1975 -2.9% -2.41%
1974 -1.08% 1.23%
1973 -1.48% 1.24%
1972 -0.12% 1.97%
1971 0.32% 1.46%
1970 1.01% 1.16%
1969 0.54% -0.08%
1968 0.25% -0.83%
1967 0.66% -0.56%
1966 -0.98% 1.73%
1965 -0.89% 1.38%
1964 -1.34% 0.48%
1963 -0.65% -0.5%
1962 -0.47% 1.12%
1961 1.73% 1.68%
1960 -1.98% -0.49%
1959 -4.82% -2.16%
1958 -6.61% -3.52%
1957 -2.72% -0.7%
1956 -3.77% -0.78%
1955 -3.75% -0.5%
1954 -3.21% -0.35%
1953 -3.1% -0.24%
1952 -3.01% -0.73%
1951 -3.52% -1.57%
1950 -3.38% -7.72%
1949 -3.98% -9.23%
1948 -2.73% -9.3%
1947 -1.6% -
1946 -4.12% -
1945 -5.25% -
1944 -4.61% -
1943 -3.86% -
1942 -2.9% -
1941 -2.85% -
1940 -2.31% -
1939 -3.09% -
1938 -2.09% -
1937 -1.62% -2.84%
1936 -1.44% -3.91%
1935 -1.16% -5.46%
1934 -1.56% -5.28%
1933 -1.27% -3.55%
1932 -1.19% -9.16%
1931 -2.98% -11.5%
1930 -3.94% -9.68%
1929 -1.95% -6.83%
1928 -1.52% -7.63%
1927 -3.3% -7.3%
1926 -1% -6.18%
1925 -0.46% -4.96%
1924 -0.68% -5.69%
1923 -0.93% -
1922 -1.86% -
1921 -0.99% -
1920 0.2% -
1919 -0.3% -
1918 -1.14% -
1917 -2.18% -
1916 -2.13% -
1915 -2.64% -
1914 -3.03% -
1913 -0.61% -
1912 -0.78% -0.69%
1911 -2.19% 0.03%
1910 -2.24% -0.42%
1909 -2.57% -5.51%
1908 0.28% -1.24%
1907 -0.2% -2.73%
1906 -0.32% -0.05%
1905 -3.52% -0.71%
1904 0.15% -1.12%
1903 -0.25% -0.97%
1902 -2.2% -0.75%
1901 -0.54% -0.56%
1900 -0.42% -0.05%
1899 -0.4% -0.08%
1898 -9.31% -0.17%
1897 -1.46% 0.1%
1896 -4.19% 0.03%
1895 -1.59% 0.36%
1894 -1.06% -1.16%
1893 0.06% -1.31%
1892 -1.33% -0.86%
1891 -4.48% -4.01%
1890 -1.82% -0.26%
1889 -2.88% -1.61%
1888 -0.69% -0.97%
1887 0.35% -1.09%
1886 -2.39% -0.43%
1885 -2.67% -0.57%
1884 -4.07% -6.43%
1883 -4.19% -0.69%
1882 -5.42% -1.06%
1881 -2.31% -3.91%
1880 -2.15% -1.4%
1879 -1.09% -
1878 -1.08% -
1877 -1.68% -
1876 -4.15% -
1875 -3.08% -
1874 -2.59% -
1873 -1.39% -
1872 -1.18% -
1871 -5.54% -
1870 -2.74% -
1869 -1.61% -
1868 -1.8% -
1867 -1.08% -
1866 -2.09% -
1865 -0.79% -
1864 0.51% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/austria | CC BY

In 2024, Argentina's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $2.92B, equivalent to 0.46% of GDP. This compares to Austria's deficit of $24.8B, or 4.64% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Argentina recorded a fiscal deficit in 47 of those years, while Austria ran a deficit in 53 years. On average, Argentina posted an annual deficit equal to 1.51% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.04% of GDP for Austria.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Argentina

Austria
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Argentina Austria
2024 219.9% 2.94%
2023 133.5% 7.81%
2022 72.4% 8.55%
2021 48.4% 2.77%
2020 42% 1.38%
2019 53.5% 1.53%
2018 34.3% 2%
2017 25.7% 2.08%
2016 - 0.89%
2015 - 0.9%
2014 - 1.61%
2013 10.6% 2%
2012 10% 2.49%
2011 9.8% 3.29%
2010 10.5% 1.81%
2009 6.3% 0.51%
2008 8.6% 3.22%
2007 8.8% 2.17%
2006 10.9% 1.44%
2005 9.6% 2.3%
2004 4.4% 2.06%
2003 13.4% 1.36%
2002 25.9% 1.81%
2001 -1.1% 2.65%
2000 -0.9% 2.34%
1999 -1.2% 0.57%
1998 0.9% 0.92%
1997 - 1.31%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1998–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/austria | CC BY

Over the past 27 years, Argentina has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 31.5%, compared with 2.35% in Austria. In 2024, inflation was 219.9% in Argentina and 2.94% in Austria.

Top exports between countries

Argentina
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $7.73M
Animal & marine products $2.23M
Raw agricultural goods $1.22M
Machinery & equipment $858K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $271K
Chemicals & pharma $37K
Precious metals & jewellery $2K
Textiles & consumer goods $1K
Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $108M
Chemicals & pharma $46.1M
Business & finance services $17.7M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $14.9M
Metals $9.52M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.26M
Transport & tourism services $3.55M
Wood & paper products $3.21M
IT & IP services $2.28M
Raw materials & minerals $2.06M

Balance of trade

Argentina Austria
Current account balance
$5.7B
2024
$8.19B
2024
Current account balance ranking
32/190
2024
25/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.89%
2024
+1.53%
2024
Goods imports
$57.4B
2024
$195B
2024
Goods exports
$79.8B
2024
$201B
2024
Service imports
$22.9B
2024
$90.5B
2024
Service exports
$17.2B
2024
$96.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
12.7%
2024
53.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
15.2%
2024
55.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Argentina Austria
Economic freedom 57.4 69.8
Economic freedom ranking 117/197 38/197
Property rights 41.2 95.7
Government integrity 41.2 75
Judicial effectiveness 58.2 94.8
Tax burden 67.8 45.7
Government spending 62.3 12.8
Fiscal health 72.2 67.1
Business freedom 56.8 78.7
Labor freedom 53.5 81.6
Monetary freedom 28.9 76.4
Trade freedom 67.4 79.4
Investment freedom 70 60
Financial freedom 70 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Argentina
Austria
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Argentina Austria
2026 57.4 69.8
2025 54.2 69.7
2024 49.9 68.4
2023 51 71.1
2022 50.1 73.8
2021 52.7 73.9
2020 53.1 73.3
2019 52.2 72
2018 52.3 71.8
2017 50.4 72.3
2016 43.8 71.7
2015 44.1 71.2
2014 44.6 72.4
2013 46.7 71.8
2012 48 70.3
2011 51.7 71.9
2010 51.2 71.6
2009 52.3 71.2
2008 54.2 71.4
2007 54 71.6
2006 53.4 71.1
2005 51.7 68.8
2004 53.9 67.6
2003 56.3 67.6
2002 65.7 67.4
2001 68.6 68.1
2000 70 68.4
1999 70.6 64
1998 70.9 65.4
1997 73.3 65.2
1996 74.7 68.9
1995 68 70

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/austria | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Argentina is 57.4, ranking 117/197, compared to 69.8 for Austria, ranking 38/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Argentina Austria
Services, % of GDP
53.7%
2024
64%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2024
24.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.81%
2024
1.22%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$618B
2024
$503B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$29,800
2024
$74,160
2024
Total reserves including gold
$29.6B
2024
$35.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
56/177
2024
53/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.89B
2024
$135M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$11.6B
2024
$13.7B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.76B
2024
$13.8B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
6.32%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
38.1%
2024
14.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
15.8%
2024
23.6%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/austria | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.