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Economy of Austria vs Bahamas compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Austria has a GDP of $522B compared to $15.8B for the Bahamas, ranking 31/197 and 140/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $424B in government debt (82.9% of GDP), compared to $12.3B (78.3% of GDP) in the Bahamas.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Austria
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Bahamas
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Austria Bahamas
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $6,624,086,313 $83,828,673,167 $169,736,027 $2,184,283,332
1961 $7,346,566,038 $88,471,087,748 $190,022,030 $2,417,282,963
1962 $7,793,042,529 $90,814,399,431 $212,170,034 $2,669,936,699
1963 $8,414,050,621 $94,572,542,282 $237,650,038 $2,950,922,311
1964 $9,213,648,656 $100,364,499,311 $266,560,043 $3,260,815,401
1965 $10,041,659,445 $103,857,359,442 $300,272,048 $3,600,774,856
1966 $10,939,526,219 $109,717,886,300 $346,800,000 $3,927,434,584
1967 $11,634,569,522 $113,018,252,763 $398,000,000 $4,304,394,228
1968 $12,499,863,917 $118,072,782,528 $453,800,000 $4,666,900,132
1969 $13,647,475,854 $125,482,873,519 $538,700,000 $5,086,065,354
1970 $15,312,791,744 $134,420,862,376 $539,500,000 $4,798,720,488
1971 $17,788,536,733 $141,296,447,063 $573,400,000 $4,876,772,097
1972 $21,973,207,929 $150,067,933,491 $590,900,000 $4,706,214,993
1973 $29,399,860,145 $157,406,909,711 $670,900,000 $5,062,361,052
1974 $35,051,468,640 $163,612,107,623 $632,400,000 $4,214,201,484
1975 $39,902,300,703 $163,016,991,844 $596,200,000 $3,590,367,916
1976 $42,791,707,448 $170,480,635,018 $642,100,000 $3,776,535,134
1977 $51,343,861,460 $179,141,019,238 $713,000,000 $4,122,274,252
1978 $61,809,208,756 $178,763,652,138 $832,400,000 $4,706,792,960
1979 $73,647,694,287 $188,339,484,584 $1,139,800,100 $5,937,115,493
1980 $81,737,498,405 $191,600,555,442 $1,335,300,000 $6,322,747,882
1981 $70,755,997,062 $191,324,085,936 $1,426,500,000 $5,739,385,550
1982 $70,996,111,963 $195,172,100,329 $1,578,300,000 $6,123,861,119
1983 $71,838,528,420 $200,974,738,307 $1,732,800,000 $6,344,139,580
1984 $67,719,055,773 $201,077,788,420 $2,041,100,000 $7,243,177,030
1985 $69,114,996,010 $206,102,076,591 $2,320,699,900 $7,592,963,094
1986 $98,648,254,169 $210,845,294,932 $2,472,500,000 $7,729,408,658
1987 $123,682,091,859 $213,706,819,793 $2,713,999,900 $7,960,094,355
1988 $132,817,124,707 $220,750,339,733 $2,817,900,000 $8,143,949,264
1989 $132,584,448,258 $229,331,070,530 $3,062,000,000 $8,691,819,590
1990 $165,811,372,383 $239,296,977,478 $3,166,000,000 $8,553,076,499
1991 $173,113,449,617 $247,532,688,033 $3,111,160,000 $8,195,405,227
1992 $194,314,032,056 $252,714,845,320 $3,109,000,000 $7,881,883,256
1993 $189,634,029,339 $254,046,171,814 $3,092,000,000 $7,906,144,212
1994 $202,738,023,130 $260,148,661,735 $3,259,000,000 $8,155,102,050
1995 $240,094,169,510 $267,089,386,117 $3,429,000,000 $8,512,193,747
1996 $235,952,581,232 $273,007,464,944 $3,609,000,000 $8,871,708,834
1997 $211,724,812,267 $278,865,754,831 $6,332,360,000 $8,985,954,549
1998 $217,068,085,816 $288,606,201,091 $6,833,220,000 $9,409,803,923
1999 $216,421,809,126 $299,463,348,051 $7,683,870,000 $10,082,050,093
2000 $196,181,599,831 $309,014,800,203 $8,076,470,000 $10,500,295,806
2001 $196,477,206,829 $313,084,486,482 $8,317,830,000 $10,776,034,606
2002 $212,837,224,023 $317,731,814,842 $8,881,160,000 $11,067,521,627
2003 $260,779,834,340 $321,358,930,178 $8,870,090,000 $10,927,526,700
2004 $299,210,411,455 $329,602,607,297 $9,055,290,000 $11,023,948,327
2005 $313,952,317,331 $337,250,591,306 $9,836,200,000 $11,398,330,895
2006 $333,905,979,332 $348,276,446,349 $10,167,250,000 $11,685,180,403
2007 $386,760,177,589 $361,424,664,732 $10,618,340,000 $11,854,159,786
2008 $429,234,399,096 $366,677,269,701 $10,526,000,000 $11,578,710,831
2009 $399,290,118,782 $353,527,252,122 $9,981,960,000 $11,095,250,091
2010 $389,827,789,218 $359,922,497,999 $10,095,760,000 $11,265,968,542
2011 $428,954,737,064 $370,459,113,959 $10,070,450,000 $11,335,048,164
2012 $406,750,487,604 $372,786,509,411 $10,720,400,000 $11,847,406,408
2013 $426,580,502,769 $371,851,835,130 $10,475,300,000 $11,508,181,986
2014 $438,556,021,078 $374,662,287,025 $11,139,100,000 $11,720,773,316
2015 $379,546,097,301 $379,546,097,301 $11,837,600,000 $11,837,600,000
2016 $393,687,359,770 $387,581,921,834 $11,880,900,000 $11,700,725,733
2017 $414,926,138,133 $396,388,751,745 $12,446,900,000 $12,095,184,868
2018 $452,582,294,973 $406,235,924,915 $12,819,200,000 $12,385,290,297
2019 $442,983,642,372 $413,365,268,699 $13,277,000,000 $12,281,371,358
2020 $434,397,601,558 $387,247,796,561 $10,363,200,000 $9,814,098,451
2021 $480,467,037,339 $405,817,601,897 $12,037,000,000 $11,540,093,873
2022 $471,773,629,830 $427,236,226,728 $13,896,800,000 $12,795,362,393
2023 $511,685,203,845 $423,156,280,851 $15,271,300,000 $13,185,464,198
2024 $521,642,466,922 $418,190,370,367 $15,832,800,000 $13,630,935,977

Economic indicators

Austria Bahamas
Gross domestic product
$522B
2024
$15.8B
2024
GDP rank
31/197
2024
140/197
2024
GDP growth
1.95%
2023-2024
3.68%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$56,833
2024
$39,455
2024
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2024
30/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$71,618
2024
$41,198
2024
Government debt
$424B
2024
$12.3B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
82.9%
2025
78.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$46,152
2024
$30,693
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2024
24/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$38,548
2025
$25,682
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$121B
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
56.2%
2025
23.8%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.94%
2023-2024
0.41%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4%
2016
Unemployment rate
5.16%
2024
8.65%
2023
Population
9171198
404321

GDP per capita in Austria vs Bahamas

Austria's GDP per capita is $56,833, ranking 16/197, compared to $39,455 in the Bahamas, ranking 30/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 21st at $71,618, while the Bahamas ranks 56th at $41,198.

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Bahamas
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Austria Bahamas
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $940 - $1,459 -
1961 $1,037 - $1,555 -
1962 $1,093 - $1,651 -
1963 $1,173 - $1,759 -
1964 $1,275 - $1,883 -
1965 $1,381 - $2,030 -
1966 $1,494 - $2,239 -
1967 $1,577 - $2,453 -
1968 $1,686 - $2,668 -
1969 $1,834 - $3,027 -
1970 $2,051 - $2,916 -
1971 $2,372 - $3,004 -
1972 $2,913 - $3,014 -
1973 $3,875 - $3,341 -
1974 $4,613 - $3,080 -
1975 $5,265 - $2,841 -
1976 $5,656 - $2,993 -
1977 $6,784 - $3,253 -
1978 $8,173 - $3,720 -
1979 $9,755 - $4,994 -
1980 $10,827 - $5,743 -
1981 $9,348 - $6,029 -
1982 $9,373 - $6,559 -
1983 $9,500 - $7,081 -
1984 $8,956 - $8,202 -
1985 $9,136 - $9,167 -
1986 $13,032 - $9,601 -
1987 $16,329 - $10,361 -
1988 $17,510 - $10,576 -
1989 $17,401 - $11,291 -
1990 $21,596 $19,383 $11,473 $19,817
1991 $22,323 $20,522 $11,082 $19,296
1992 $24,783 $21,195 $10,873 $18,636
1993 $23,987 $21,632 $10,613 $18,781
1994 $25,546 $22,538 $10,991 $19,441
1995 $30,207 $23,588 $11,375 $20,377
1996 $29,646 $24,418 $11,784 $21,287
1997 $26,572 $25,295 $20,368 $21,606
1998 $27,212 $26,529 $21,667 $22,556
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $24,041 $24,184
2000 $24,487 $29,215 $24,940 $25,422
2001 $24,430 $29,556 $25,372 $26,351
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $26,782 $27,171
2003 $32,110 $31,963 $26,429 $27,031
2004 $36,614 $33,523 $26,650 $27,660
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $28,602 $29,143
2006 $40,382 $37,396 $29,185 $30,401
2007 $46,623 $39,194 $30,052 $31,232
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $29,392 $30,679
2009 $47,857 $40,666 $27,513 $29,197
2010 $46,611 $41,740 $27,473 $29,625
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $27,091 $30,074
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $28,552 $31,036
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $27,643 $30,294
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $29,137 $31,726
2015 $43,915 $49,563 $30,719 $32,138
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $30,617 $32,285
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $31,875 $34,282
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $32,642 $35,228
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $33,640 $36,116
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $26,179 $27,205
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $30,368 $31,065
2022 $52,177 $70,735 $34,957 $36,791
2023 $56,034 $70,479 $38,232 $39,090
2024 $56,833 $71,618 $39,455 $41,198

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Austria's government spending was $294B, accounting for 56.2% of its GDP, while the Bahamas' spent $3.5B, or 23.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 82.9% in Austria and 78.3% in the Bahamas, ranking 39/185 and 45/185, respectively.

Austria
Government spending

Government debt
Bahamas
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Austria Bahamas
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 36.3% 17.7% - -
1961 35.7% 16% - -
1962 37.6% 15.5% - -
1963 38.6% 15.6% - -
1964 38.7% 15.5% - -
1965 38.3% 14.8% - -
1966 38.7% 14.1% - -
1967 40.7% 15.6% - -
1968 40.9% 16.8% - -
1969 40.7% 16.8% - -
1970 39.5% 18.5% - -
1971 40% 17.3% - -
1972 40.1% 16.6% - -
1973 41.5% 16.6% - -
1974 42% 16.7% - -
1975 46.1% 22.7% - -
1976 47.9% 26% - -
1977 47.6% 28.3% - -
1978 50.8% 32% - -
1979 49.8% 33.9% - -
1980 50% 35.4% - -
1981 51.5% 37.3% - -
1982 52% 39.5% - -
1983 52.4% 43.4% - -
1984 52.6% 45.8% - -
1985 53.5% 47.5% - -
1986 54.3% 51.7% - -
1987 54.5% 55.2% - -
1988 53.1% 57.4% - -
1989 51.6% 56.3% - -
1990 46.8% 56.2% 11.4% 13.2%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 12% 15.4%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 11.8% 17.9%
1993 54.3% 61% 11.5% 19.8%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 11.4% 20.4%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 11.2% 20.5%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 11.2% 20.2%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 12.5% 20.8%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 11.6% 20%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 8.78% 18.7%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 11.3% 18.7%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 11.2% 18.2%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 11.3% 18.8%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 11.8% 20.9%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 12.4% 21.4%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 12.3% 22%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 13% 22.8%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 13.3% 23%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 14.4% 25.5%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 15.6% 30.9%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 15.3% 33.7%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 17.1% 35.3%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 16.5% 36.4%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 18.5% 45.1%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 17.8% 47%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 18.1% 49.2%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 19.6% 51.6%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 22.9% 54.3%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 19.5% 61.6%
2019 49.1% 71% 20.3% 60.5%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 29.3% 85.2%
2021 56% 82.4% 28.5% 89.4%
2022 53.1% 78.3% 25.3% 83.7%
2023 52.6% 78.4% 23.6% 79.7%
2024 56.3% 81.2% 22.1% 77.8%
2025 56.2% 82.9% 23.8% 78.3%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$24.5B, equivalent to -4.69% of GDP. This compares to the Bahamas' deficit of -$200M, or -1.27% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 33 of those years, while the Bahamas ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to -2.85% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.43% of GDP for the Bahamas.

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Bahamas
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Bahamas
1880 -1.4% -
1881 -3.91% -
1882 -1.06% -
1883 -0.69% -
1884 -6.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1886 -0.43% -
1887 -1.09% -
1888 -0.97% -
1889 -1.61% -
1890 -0.26% -
1891 -4.01% -
1892 -0.86% -
1893 -1.31% -
1894 -1.16% -
1895 0.36% -
1896 0.03% -
1897 0.1% -
1898 -0.17% -
1899 -0.08% -
1900 -0.05% -
1901 -0.56% -
1902 -0.75% -
1903 -0.97% -
1904 -1.12% -
1905 -0.71% -
1906 -0.05% -
1907 -2.73% -
1908 -1.24% -
1909 -5.51% -
1910 -0.42% -
1911 0.03% -
1912 -0.69% -
1913 -0.69% -
1914 -0.69% -
1915 -0.69% -
1916 -0.69% -
1917 -0.69% -
1918 -0.69% -
1919 -0.69% -
1920 -0.69% -
1921 -0.69% -
1922 -0.69% -
1923 -0.69% -
1924 -5.69% -
1925 -4.96% -
1926 -6.18% -
1927 -7.3% -
1928 -7.63% -
1929 -6.83% -
1930 -9.68% -
1931 -11.5% -
1932 -9.16% -
1933 -3.55% -
1934 -5.28% -
1935 -5.46% -
1936 -3.91% -
1937 -2.84% -
1938 -2.84% -
1939 -2.84% -
1940 -2.84% -
1941 -2.84% -
1942 -2.84% -
1943 -2.84% -
1944 -2.84% -
1945 -2.84% -
1946 -2.84% -
1947 -2.84% -
1948 -9.3% -
1949 -9.23% -
1950 -7.72% -
1951 -1.57% -
1952 -0.73% -
1953 -0.24% -
1954 -0.35% -
1955 -0.5% -
1956 -0.78% -
1957 -0.7% -
1958 -3.52% -
1959 -2.16% -
1960 -0.49% -
1961 1.68% -
1962 1.12% -
1963 -0.5% -
1964 0.48% -
1965 1.38% -
1966 1.73% -
1967 -0.56% -
1968 -0.83% -
1969 -0.08% -
1970 1.16% -
1971 1.46% -
1972 1.97% -
1973 1.24% -
1974 1.23% -
1975 -2.41% -
1976 -3.61% -
1977 -2.11% -
1978 -2.67% -
1979 -2.3% -
1980 -1.62% -
1981 -1.79% -
1982 -3.29% -
1983 -4.22% -
1984 -2.67% -
1985 -2.71% -
1986 -3.84% -
1987 -4.33% -
1988 -3.43% -
1989 -3.07% -
1990 -2.58% -2.64%
1991 -2.96% -2.29%
1992 -2.15% -2.23%
1993 -4.57% -1.05%
1994 -5.04% -0.39%
1995 -6.17% 0.18%
1996 -4.38% -0.15%
1997 -2.38% -1.56%
1998 -2.68% -0.41%
1999 -2.63% 1.68%
2000 -2.07% 0.09%
2001 -0.71% 0.3%
2002 -1.43% -1.62%
2003 -1.84% -1.63%
2004 -4.94% -1.93%
2005 -2.59% -1.11%
2006 -2.61% -0.43%
2007 -1.56% -0.76%
2008 -1.57% -0.83%
2009 -5.38% -2.45%
2010 -4.46% -2.56%
2011 -2.48% -2.87%
2012 -2.18% -3.15%
2013 -1.99% -5.2%
2014 -1.92% -4.44%
2015 -0.48% -3.28%
2016 -1.45% -2.64%
2017 -0.78% -6.02%
2018 0.2% -3.29%
2019 0.54% -1.68%
2020 -8.2% -8.42%
2021 -5.69% -11.7%
2022 -3.42% -5.46%
2023 -2.61% -3.72%
2024 -4.69% -1.27%
2025 -4.08% -1.53%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.29%, compared with 1.93% in the Bahamas. In 2024, inflation was 2.94% in Austria and 0.41% in the Bahamas.

Inflation
Austria

Bahamas
Year Inflation
Austria Bahamas Austria Bahamas
1996 1.86% 1.38%
1997 1.31% 0.54%
1998 0.92% 1.34%
1999 0.57% 1.25%
2000 2.34% 1.61%
2001 2.65% 2.04%
2002 1.81% 2.17%
2003 1.36% 3.03%
2004 2.06% 0.98%
2005 2.3% 1.59%
2006 1.44% 2.39%
2007 2.17% 2.49%
2008 3.22% 4.49%
2009 0.51% 2.06%
2010 1.81% 1.34%
2011 3.29% 3.2%
2012 2.49% 1.97%
2013 2% 0.72%
2014 1.61% 1.51%
2015 0.9% 1.86%
2016 0.89% -0.35%
2017 2.08% 1.52%
2018 2% 2.27%
2019 1.53% 2.49%
2020 1.38% 0.04%
2021 2.77% 2.9%
2022 8.55% 5.61%
2023 7.81% 3.05%
2024 2.94% 0.41%

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $9.59M
Wood & paper products $1.46M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.03M
Metals $932K
Chemicals & pharma $226K
Raw materials & minerals $193K
Precious metals & jewellery $11K
Miscellaneous $4K
Animal & marine products $3K
Bahamas
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $79K
Machinery & equipment $15K

Balance of trade

Austria Bahamas
Current account balance
$12.6B
2024
-$1.05B
2024
Current account balance ranking
22/189
2024
126/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+2.42%
2024
-6.65%
2024
Goods imports
$196B
2024
$4.6B
2024
Goods exports
$205B
2024
$874M
2024
Service imports
$88B
2024
$2.47B
2024
Service exports
$94.3B
2024
$5.9B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.6%
2024
41.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
56.9%
2024
37.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Bahamas
Economic freedom 69.7 63.2
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 79/197
Property rights 97 61.8
Government integrity 75.4 66.2
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 78.6
Tax burden 46.3 97.2
Government spending 13.5 77.2
Fiscal health 63.7 6.7
Business freedom 81.7 70
Labor freedom 81.8 68.8
Monetary freedom 72.7 72.9
Trade freedom 79.6 49
Investment freedom 60 50
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.7, ranking 38/197, compared to 63.2 for the Bahamas, ranking 79/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Austria
Bahamas
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Bahamas
1995 70 71.8
1996 68.9 74
1997 65.2 74.5
1998 65.4 74.5
1999 64 74.7
2000 68.4 73.9
2001 68.1 74.8
2002 67.4 74.4
2003 67.6 73.5
2004 67.6 72.1
2005 68.8 72.6
2006 71.1 72.3
2007 71.6 72
2008 71.4 71.1
2009 71.2 70.3
2010 71.6 67.3
2011 71.9 68
2012 70.3 68
2013 71.8 70.1
2014 72.4 69.8
2015 71.2 68.7
2016 71.7 70.9
2017 72.3 61.1
2018 71.8 63.3
2019 72 62.9
2020 73.3 64.5
2021 73.9 64.6
2022 73.8 68.7
2023 71.1 62.6
2024 68.4 62.5
2025 69.7 63.2

More economic indicators

Austria Bahamas
Services, % of GDP
65.3%
2024
77.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
23.1%
2024
9.63%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.23%
2024
0.51%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$497B
2024
$14.2B
2023
GNI per capita, PPP
$71,860
2024
$37,560
2023
Total reserves including gold
$35.4B
2024
$2.51B
2023
Total reserves ranking
53/177
2024
122/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
$1.5B
2024
-$77.6M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$9.31B
2024
$241M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$10.8B
2024
$163M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
9.3%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.3%
2024
26.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs Austria vs Bahamas
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.