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Economy of Austria vs Japan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Austria has a GDP of $535B compared to $4.03T for Japan, ranking 30/197 and 4/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $432B in government debt (80.8% of GDP), compared to $9.51T (236.1% of GDP) in Japan.

Austria vs Japan GDP by year

Austria
Japan
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Japan
2024 $534,790,720,467 $4,027,597,523,551
2023 $516,670,509,629 $4,213,167,237,906
2022 $473,221,298,968 $4,262,463,317,797
2021 $480,466,363,177 $5,039,148,168,861
2020 $434,397,601,558 $5,054,068,005,376
2019 $442,983,642,372 $5,117,993,853,017
2018 $452,582,294,973 $5,040,880,939,325
2017 $414,926,138,133 $4,930,837,369,151
2016 $393,687,359,770 $5,003,677,627,544
2015 $379,546,097,301 $4,444,930,651,964
2014 $438,556,021,078 $4,896,994,405,353
2013 $426,580,502,769 $5,212,328,181,166
2012 $406,750,487,604 $6,272,362,996,105
2011 $428,954,737,064 $6,233,147,172,341
2010 $389,827,789,218 $5,759,071,769,013
2009 $399,290,118,782 $5,289,493,117,994
2008 $429,234,399,096 $5,106,679,115,127
2007 $386,760,177,589 $4,579,750,920,355
2006 $333,905,979,332 $4,601,663,122,650
2005 $313,952,317,331 $4,831,467,035,390
2004 $299,210,411,455 $4,893,116,005,657
2003 $260,779,834,340 $4,519,561,645,254
2002 $212,837,224,023 $4,182,846,045,874
2001 $196,477,206,829 $4,374,711,694,091
2000 $196,181,599,831 $4,968,359,075,957
1999 $216,421,809,126 $4,635,982,224,064
1998 $217,068,085,816 $4,098,362,709,531
1997 $211,724,812,267 $4,492,448,605,639
1996 $235,952,581,232 $4,923,391,533,852
1995 $240,094,169,510 $5,545,563,663,890
1994 $202,738,023,130 $4,998,797,547,741
1993 $189,634,029,339 $4,536,940,479,038
1992 $194,314,032,056 $3,980,702,922,118
1991 $173,113,449,617 $3,648,065,760,649
1990 $165,811,372,383 $3,185,904,656,664
1989 $132,584,448,258 $3,109,455,047,824
1988 $132,817,124,707 $3,125,724,434,401
1987 $123,682,091,859 $2,580,748,422,781
1986 $98,648,254,169 $2,120,083,812,110
1985 $69,114,996,010 $1,427,019,759,717
1984 $67,719,055,773 $1,345,824,500,837
1983 $71,838,528,420 $1,270,859,919,743
1982 $70,996,111,963 $1,158,731,426,906
1981 $70,755,997,062 $1,245,221,410,764
1980 $81,737,498,405 $1,129,377,244,854
1979 $73,647,694,287 $1,077,910,077,676
1978 $61,809,208,756 $1,035,611,588,217
1977 $51,343,861,460 $737,069,290,928
1976 $42,791,707,448 $598,883,902,156
1975 $39,902,300,703 $532,861,438,885
1974 $35,051,468,640 $490,035,789,970
1973 $29,399,860,145 $441,460,582,536
1972 $21,973,207,929 $324,933,841,269
1971 $17,788,536,733 $245,364,056,622
1970 $15,312,791,744 $217,223,652,719
1969 $13,647,475,854 $184,298,841,305
1968 $12,499,863,917 $156,897,496,759
1967 $11,634,569,522 $132,475,614,227
1966 $10,939,526,219 $113,046,784,179
1965 $10,041,659,445 $97,338,107,606
1964 $9,213,648,656 $87,490,590,818
1963 $8,414,050,621 $74,379,284,603
1962 $7,793,042,529 $64,987,857,542
1961 $7,346,566,038 $57,266,758,180
1960 $6,624,086,313 $47,419,238,274

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/japan | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Japan by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Japan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Japan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $32,487 $52,039
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $33,836 $50,662
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $34,066 $47,192
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $40,095 $44,355
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $40,029 $42,426
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $40,416 $42,678
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $39,751 $42,142
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $38,834 $41,444
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $39,375 $40,597
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $34,961 $40,899
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $38,475 $39,555
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $40,899 $39,402
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $49,145 $37,606
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $48,760 $36,214
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $44,968 $35,336
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $41,309 $33,543
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $39,876 $35,274
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $35,779 $35,015
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $35,992 $33,632
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $37,813 $32,170
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $38,299 $30,832
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $35,387 $29,392
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $32,821 $28,624
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $34,406 $27,943
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $39,169 $27,288
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $36,610 $25,736
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $32,424 $25,508
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $35,638 $25,619
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $39,150 $24,999
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $44,198 $23,858
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $39,934 $22,823
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $36,345 $22,168
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $31,993 $21,825
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $29,428 $21,227
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $25,801 $19,912
1989 $17,401 - $25,266 -
1988 $17,510 - $25,500 -
1987 $16,329 - $21,142 -
1986 $13,032 - $17,452 -
1985 $9,136 - $11,809 -
1984 $8,956 - $11,207 -
1983 $9,500 - $10,652 -
1982 $9,373 - $9,780 -
1981 $9,348 - $10,583 -
1980 $10,827 - $9,669 -
1979 $9,755 - $9,301 -
1978 $8,173 - $9,012 -
1977 $6,784 - $6,473 -
1976 $5,656 - $5,310 -
1975 $5,265 - $4,776 -
1974 $4,613 - $4,448 -
1973 $3,875 - $4,061 -
1972 $2,913 - $3,031 -
1971 $2,372 - $2,321 -
1970 $2,051 - $2,101 -
1969 $1,834 - $1,803 -
1968 $1,686 - $1,553 -
1967 $1,577 - $1,326 -
1966 $1,494 - $1,144 -
1965 $1,381 - $994 -
1964 $1,275 - $903 -
1963 $1,173 - $776 -
1962 $1,093 - $685 -
1961 $1,037 - $609 -
1960 $940 - $509 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/japan | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $58,269, ranking 16/197, compared to $32,487 in Japan, ranking 38/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Japan ranks 41st at $52,039.

Economic indicators

Austria Japan
Gross domestic product
$535B
2024
$4.03T
2024
GDP rank
30/197
2024
4/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.66%
2023-2024
0.1%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$58,269
2024
$32,487
2024
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2024
38/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$52,039
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
41/197
2024
Government debt
$432B
2024
$9.51T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.8%
2024
236.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$47,075
2024
$76,704
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2024
3/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$40,736
2026
$23,653
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$121B
2024
$6.31T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
2,732,000
2025
Number of billionaires
9
2025
42
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
23.9%
2020
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
2.4%
2020
Government expenditure, % of GDP
56%
2024
39.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.94%
2023-2024
2.74%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
0.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.16%
2024
2.54%
2024
Population
9163419
122677250

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Japan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Japan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 56% 80.8% 39.1% 236.1%
2023 52.7% 78.5% 39.2% 240.5%
2022 53% 78.4% 41.8% 248.2%
2021 56% 82.4% 42.5% 253.7%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 44.5% 258.4%
2019 49.1% 71% 37.3% 236.4%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 36.7% 232.4%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 36.7% 231.3%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 37.2% 232.4%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 37.3% 228.3%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 38.4% 233.3%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 38.8% 229.5%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 38.6% 226.1%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 38.6% 219.2%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 37.7% 205.9%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 38.7% 198.8%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 34.1% 180.9%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 33.1% 173%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 33.1% 174.1%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 33.5% 174.6%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 33.7% 169.5%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 35% 160%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 35.4% 154.1%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 35.2% 145.1%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 36% 135.6%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 35.6% 129.5%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 38.6% 116%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 33.1% 105%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 33.8% 98.1%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 33.4% 92.5%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 32.8% 84.4%
1993 54.3% 61% 32.1% 72.8%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 30.3% 66.8%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 29.3% 62.4%
1990 46.8% 56.2% 29.5% 63.2%
1989 51.6% 56.6% 29.2% 65.7%
1988 53.1% 57.7% 29.9% 71.9%
1987 54.5% 55.5% 30.6% 75.8%
1986 54.3% 52% 30.4% 74.1%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 30.4% 68.3%
1984 52.6% 46% 31.2% 65.6%
1983 52.4% 43.7% 31.8% 63.5%
1982 52% 39.7% 31.7% 57.7%
1981 51.5% 37.5% 31.5% 52.8%
1980 50% 35.6% 33.5% 47.8%
1979 49.8% 34.1% 33.2% 43.8%
1978 50.8% 32.2% 32.1% 39%
1977 47.6% 28.5% 30.4% 31.1%
1976 47.9% 26.2% 29.1% 26.1%
1975 46.1% 22.8% 28.5% 20.9%
1974 42% 16.8% 25.5% 16.7%
1973 41.5% 16.7% 23.3% 15.9%
1972 40.1% 16.7% 23.1% 16.3%
1971 40% 17.4% 21.8% 12.6%
1970 39.5% 18.6% 20.2% 11.2%
1969 40.7% 16.8% 19.8% 11.4%
1968 40.9% 16.8% 20.1% 11.8%
1967 40.7% 15.6% 19.9% 11.4%
1966 38.7% 14.1% 20.8% 11.2%
1965 38.3% 14.8% 20.4% 9.78%
1964 38.7% 15.5% 19.8% 8.53%
1963 38.6% 15.6% 20% 8.66%
1962 37.6% 15.5% 19.4% 9.01%
1961 35.7% 16% 18.2% 8.44%
1960 36.3% 17.7% 18.4% 10.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/japan | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government spending was $300B, accounting for 56% of its GDP, while Japan spent $1.57T, or 39.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.8% in Austria and 236.1% in Japan, ranking 44/185 and 3/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Japan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Japan
2024 -4.64% -1.53%
2023 -2.62% -2.26%
2022 -3.31% -4.21%
2021 -5.69% -6.13%
2020 -8.2% -9.08%
2019 0.54% -3.04%
2018 0.2% -2.47%
2017 -0.78% -3.1%
2016 -1.45% -3.6%
2015 -0.48% -3.68%
2014 -1.92% -5.62%
2013 -1.99% -7.61%
2012 -2.18% -8.2%
2011 -2.48% -8.99%
2010 -4.46% -9.08%
2009 -5.38% -9.69%
2008 -1.57% -4.11%
2007 -1.56% -2.9%
2006 -2.61% -3.03%
2005 -2.59% -4.44%
2004 -4.94% -5.31%
2003 -1.84% -7.43%
2002 -1.43% -7.34%
2001 -0.71% -6.2%
2000 -2.07% -7.28%
1999 -2.63% -6.75%
1998 -2.68% -10%
1997 -2.38% -3.53%
1996 -4.38% -4.87%
1995 -6.17% -4.3%
1994 -5.04% -3.76%
1993 -4.57% -2.39%
1992 -2.15% 0.57%
1991 -2.96% 1.67%
1990 -2.58% 1.96%
1989 -3.07% 1.23%
1988 -3.43% 0.49%
1987 -4.33% -0.36%
1986 -3.84% -1.36%
1985 -2.71% -1.37%
1984 -2.67% -2.62%
1983 -4.22% -3.95%
1982 -3.29% -3.81%
1981 -1.79% -3.85%
1980 -1.62% -4.66%
1979 -2.3% -5%
1978 -2.67% -5.79%
1977 -2.11% -4.02%
1976 -3.61% -3.89%
1975 -2.41% -2.92%
1974 1.23% 0.38%
1973 1.24% 0.56%
1972 1.97% -0.13%
1971 1.46% 1.21%
1970 1.16% 1.74%
1969 -0.08% 1.26%
1968 -0.83% 0.88%
1967 -0.56% 0.8%
1966 1.73% -0.34%
1965 1.38% 0.48%
1964 0.48% 0.85%
1963 -0.5% 1.08%
1962 1.12% 1.49%
1961 1.68% 2.58%
1960 -0.49% 1.85%
1959 -2.16% 0.97%
1958 -3.52% -0.1%
1957 -0.7% 1.27%
1956 -0.78% 1.39%
1955 -0.5% -0.67%
1954 -0.35% 0.7%
1953 -0.24% 1.65%
1952 -0.73% 2.22%
1951 -1.57% 5.06%
1950 -7.72% 6.99%
1949 -9.23% 12.5%
1948 -9.3% 7.53%
1947 - 6.09%
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - 0.32%
1942 - -0.13%
1941 - -0.19%
1940 - 0.31%
1939 - 0.11%
1938 - 0.45%
1937 -2.84% 0.71%
1936 -3.91% 0.34%
1935 -5.46% 0.26%
1934 -5.28% 0.34%
1933 -3.55% 0.28%
1932 -9.16% 0.31%
1931 -11.5% 0.23%
1930 -9.68% 0.19%
1929 -6.83% 0.5%
1928 -7.63% 0.42%
1927 -7.3% 0.58%
1926 -6.18% 0.65%
1925 -4.96% 0.75%
1924 -5.69% 0.84%
1923 - 0.87%
1922 - 0.89%
1921 - 1.43%
1920 - 1.19%
1919 - 1.21%
1918 - 1.58%
1917 - 1.54%
1916 - 1.37%
1915 - 1.41%
1914 - 1.31%
1913 - 1.21%
1912 -0.69% 1.27%
1911 0.03% 1.21%
1910 -0.42% 1.57%
1909 -5.51% 1.51%
1908 -1.24% 1.63%
1907 -2.73% 1.77%
1906 -0.05% 0.46%
1905 -0.71% -0.68%
1904 -1.12% -0.81%
1903 -0.97% 0.19%
1902 -0.75% 0.44%
1901 -0.56% 0.21%
1900 -0.05% 0.53%
1899 -0.08% 0.2%
1898 -0.17% 0.6%
1897 0.1% 0.33%
1896 0.03% 0.88%
1895 0.36% 0.28%
1894 -1.16% -0.24%
1893 -1.31% 0.6%
1892 -0.86% 0.63%
1891 -4.01% 0.61%
1890 -0.26% 0.74%
1889 -1.61% 0.18%
1888 -0.97% 0.13%
1887 -1.09% 0.11%
1886 -0.43% 0.03%
1885 -0.57% 0.01%
1884 -6.43% 0.001%
1883 -0.69% 0.03%
1882 -1.06% 0.001%
1881 -3.91% 0.001%
1880 -1.4% 0.004%
1879 - 0.02%
1878 - 0.02%
1877 - -0.29%
1876 - -0.42%
1875 - 0.005%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/japan | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.8B, equivalent to 4.64% of GDP. This compares to Japan's deficit of $61.6B, or 1.53% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 53 of those years, while Japan ran a deficit in 47 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.04% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3% of GDP for Japan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Japan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Japan
2024 2.94% 2.74%
2023 7.81% 3.27%
2022 8.55% 2.5%
2021 2.77% -0.23%
2020 1.38% -0.02%
2019 1.53% 0.47%
2018 2% 0.99%
2017 2.08% 0.48%
2016 0.89% -0.13%
2015 0.9% 0.8%
2014 1.61% 2.76%
2013 2% 0.34%
2012 2.49% -0.04%
2011 3.29% -0.27%
2010 1.81% -0.73%
2009 0.51% -1.35%
2008 3.22% 1.38%
2007 2.17% 0.06%
2006 1.44% 0.25%
2005 2.3% -0.28%
2004 2.06% -0.009%
2003 1.36% -0.26%
2002 1.81% -0.92%
2001 2.65% -0.74%
2000 2.34% -0.68%
1999 0.57% -0.34%
1998 0.92% 0.66%
1997 1.31% 1.75%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/japan | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.31%, compared with 0.44% in Japan. In 2024, inflation was 2.94% in Austria and 2.74% in Japan.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $929M
Chemicals & pharma $176M
Wood & paper products $163M
Metals $158M
Business & finance services $110M
Precious metals & jewellery $88M
Textiles & consumer goods $59.9M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $45.1M
Raw materials & minerals $41.1M
Animal & marine products $36M
Japan
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $857M
Chemicals & pharma $294M
Metals $65.5M
Miscellaneous $37.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $20M
Raw materials & minerals $7.62M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $7.61M
Precious metals & jewellery $4.12M
Wood & paper products $2.28M
Raw agricultural goods $194K

Balance of trade

Austria Japan
Current account balance
$8.19B
2024
$194B
2024
Current account balance ranking
25/190
2024
3/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.53%
2024
+4.82%
2024
Goods imports
$195B
2024
$719B
2024
Goods exports
$201B
2024
$694B
2024
Service imports
$90.5B
2024
$246B
2024
Service exports
$96.6B
2024
$228B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.1%
2024
23.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.7%
2024
22.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Japan
Economic freedom 69.8 70.3
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 36/197
Property rights 95.7 94.2
Government integrity 75 81.1
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 97.9
Tax burden 45.7 63
Government spending 12.8 52
Fiscal health 67.1 41.7
Business freedom 78.7 77.8
Labor freedom 81.6 65.9
Monetary freedom 76.4 74.3
Trade freedom 79.4 76.2
Investment freedom 60 60
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Japan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Japan
2026 69.8 70.3
2025 69.7 70.2
2024 68.4 67.5
2023 71.1 69.3
2022 73.8 69.9
2021 73.9 74.1
2020 73.3 73.3
2019 72 72.1
2018 71.8 72.3
2017 72.3 69.6
2016 71.7 73.1
2015 71.2 73.3
2014 72.4 72.4
2013 71.8 71.8
2012 70.3 71.6
2011 71.9 72.8
2010 71.6 72.9
2009 71.2 72.8
2008 71.4 73
2007 71.6 72.7
2006 71.1 73.3
2005 68.8 67.3
2004 67.6 64.3
2003 67.6 67.6
2002 67.4 66.7
2001 68.1 70.9
2000 68.4 70.7
1999 64 69.1
1998 65.4 70.2
1997 65.2 70.3
1996 68.9 72.6
1995 70 75

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/japan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 70.3 for Japan, ranking 36/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Japan
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
69.8%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
28.6%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.22%
2024
0.94%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$503B
2024
$4.46T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,160
2024
$55,490
2024
Total reserves including gold
$35.4B
2024
$1.23T
2024
Total reserves ranking
53/177
2024
2/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$135M
2024
$191B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$16.2B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$203B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
16.1%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.6%
2024
26.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/japan | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.