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Economy of Austria vs Jordan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Austria has a GDP of $579B compared to $61.6B for Jordan, ranking 29/197 and 90/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $466B in government debt (80.5% of GDP), compared to $51B (82.8% of GDP) in Jordan.

Austria vs Jordan GDP by year

Austria
Jordan
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Jordan
2025 $579,470,021,095 $61,610,052,535
2024 $534,790,720,467 $58,618,380,563
2023 $516,670,509,629 $56,123,472,113
2022 $473,221,298,968 $53,516,930,141
2021 $480,466,363,177 $50,702,940,986
2020 $434,397,601,558 $47,931,770,986
2019 $442,983,642,372 $48,640,273,803
2018 $452,582,294,973 $47,435,850,423
2017 $414,926,138,133 $45,535,614,366
2016 $393,687,359,770 $43,688,498,732
2015 $379,546,097,301 $42,394,049,296
2014 $438,556,021,078 $40,535,098,592
2013 $426,580,502,769 $37,873,362,958
2012 $406,750,487,604 $34,854,017,887
2011 $428,954,737,064 $32,640,291,549
2010 $389,827,789,218 $30,202,773,521
2009 $399,290,118,782 $27,462,496,197
2008 $429,234,399,096 $25,651,620,831
2007 $386,760,177,589 $17,110,437,236
2006 $333,905,979,332 $15,056,981,664
2005 $313,952,317,331 $12,588,998,590
2004 $299,210,411,455 $11,411,706,629
2003 $260,779,834,340 $10,195,627,645
2002 $212,837,224,023 $9,582,510,578
2001 $196,477,206,829 $8,975,814,653
2000 $196,181,599,831 $8,460,789,845
1999 $216,421,809,126 $8,149,929,478
1998 $217,068,085,816 $7,912,270,804
1997 $211,724,812,267 $7,245,839,210
1996 $235,952,581,232 $6,927,503,526
1995 $240,094,169,510 $6,727,597,032
1994 $202,738,023,130 $6,236,295,978
1993 $189,634,029,339 $5,606,400,222
1992 $194,314,032,056 $5,310,833,194
1991 $173,113,449,617 $4,344,467,193
1990 $165,811,372,383 $4,160,087,508
1989 $132,584,448,258 $4,221,373,674
1988 $132,817,124,707 $6,277,451,829
1987 $123,682,091,859 $6,756,209,762
1986 $98,648,254,169 $6,402,050,485
1985 $69,114,996,010 $4,993,601,520
1984 $67,719,055,773 $4,967,162,160
1983 $71,838,528,420 $4,920,692,191
1982 $70,996,111,963 $4,681,240,993
1981 $70,755,997,062 $4,383,944,703
1980 $81,737,498,405 $3,910,044,474
1979 $73,647,694,287 $3,271,368,781
1978 $61,809,208,756 $2,602,208,589
1977 $51,343,861,460 $2,096,778,602
1976 $42,791,707,448 $1,708,521,219
1975 $39,902,300,703 $1,363,073,498
1974 $35,051,468,640 $1,197,483,949
1973 $29,399,860,145 $943,783,840
1972 $21,973,207,929 $788,479,685
1971 $17,788,536,733 $678,159,729
1970 $15,312,791,744 $639,519,744
1969 $13,647,475,854 $698,879,720
1968 $12,499,863,917 $561,119,776
1967 $11,634,569,522 $631,679,747
1966 $10,939,526,219 $657,999,737
1965 $10,041,659,445 $599,759,760
1964 $9,213,648,656 -
1963 $8,414,050,621 -
1962 $7,793,042,529 -
1961 $7,346,566,038 -
1960 $6,624,086,313 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/jordan | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Jordan by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Jordan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Jordan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $62,930 - $5,348 -
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $5,074 $10,821
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $4,906 $10,412
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $4,754 $9,927
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $4,582 $9,182
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $4,411 $9,579
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $4,558 $9,429
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $4,534 $9,042
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $4,449 $9,266
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $4,366 $8,748
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $4,442 $8,967
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $4,611 $9,145
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $4,739 $9,817
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $4,594 $9,739
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $4,363 $9,632
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $4,139 $9,417
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $3,845 $9,291
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $3,670 $8,983
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $2,506 $8,416
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $2,343 $8,046
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $2,088 $7,697
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $1,940 $7,074
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $1,776 $6,500
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $1,706 $6,256
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $1,632 $5,948
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $1,571 $5,641
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $1,545 $5,402
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $1,532 $5,264
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $1,436 $5,171
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $1,410 $5,055
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $1,416 $5,027
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $1,367 $4,830
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $1,289 $4,726
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $1,287 $4,654
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $1,110 $4,195
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $1,149 $4,317
1989 $17,401 - $1,260 -
1988 $17,510 - $1,966 -
1987 $16,329 - $2,217 -
1986 $13,032 - $2,200 -
1985 $9,136 - $1,797 -
1984 $8,956 - $1,871 -
1983 $9,500 - $1,939 -
1982 $9,373 - $1,929 -
1981 $9,348 - $1,885 -
1980 $10,827 - $1,750 -
1979 $9,755 - $1,519 -
1978 $8,173 - $1,249 -
1977 $6,784 - $1,039 -
1976 $5,656 - $873 -
1975 $5,265 - $718 -
1974 $4,613 - $651 -
1973 $3,875 - $531 -
1972 $2,913 - $460 -
1971 $2,372 - $412 -
1970 $2,051 - $409 -
1969 $1,834 - $474 -
1968 $1,686 - $409 -
1967 $1,577 - $497 -
1966 $1,494 - $558 -
1965 $1,381 - $546 -
1964 $1,275 - - -
1963 $1,173 - - -
1962 $1,093 - - -
1961 $1,037 - - -
1960 $940 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/jordan | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $62,930, ranking 16/197, compared to $5,348 in Jordan, ranking 120/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Jordan ranks 131st at $10,821.

Economic indicators

Austria Jordan
Gross domestic product
$579B
2025
$61.6B
2025
GDP rank
29/197
2025
90/197
2025
GDP growth
0.62%
2024-2025
2.83%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$62,930
2025
$5,348
2025
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2025
120/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$10,821
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
131/197
2024
Government debt
$466B
2025
$51B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.5%
2025
82.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$50,654
2025
$4,430
2025
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2025
91/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$38,467
2026
$4,506
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$211B
2025
$37.4B
2025
Number of billionaires
9
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
27.4%
2010
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
3.5%
2010
Government expenditure, % of GDP
55.2%
2025
33.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.53%
2024-2025
1.77%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
5.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.78%
2025
16.8%
2024
Population
9201502
11538682

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Jordan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Jordan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 55.2% 80.5% 33.7% 82.8%
2024 55.2% 79.2% 34.6% 82.1%
2023 52.2% 77.8% 33.9% 81%
2022 53% 78.1% 32.8% 80.7%
2021 56% 82.4% 33.8% 79.9%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 33% 77.9%
2019 49.1% 71% 32.7% 69.4%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 33.3% 67.9%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 31.7% 69.1%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 30% 70.7%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 32.3% 71.4%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 36.3% 68.2%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 34.5% 68.8%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 28.3% 64%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 29.3% 56.1%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 26.6% 53.4%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 30.7% 51.8%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 29.6% 47.9%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 32.4% 58.2%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 34% 60%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 36.6% 66.1%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 35.1% 73.8%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 35% 80.4%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 31.6% 85.9%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 30.6% 85.5%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 31.2% 89.9%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 31.8% 98.7%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 32.3% 96.3%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 30.7% 94.7%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 32.6% 101.2%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 32.1% 102.4%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 30.6% 112.1%
1993 54.3% 61% 32.5% 122.1%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 31.7% 134.7%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 39.6% 180.5%
1990 46.8% 56.2% 39.9% 197.7%
1989 51.6% 56.6% 42.5% 195.4%
1988 53.1% 57.7% 44.3% 129.3%
1987 54.5% 55.5% 42.1% 101.9%
1986 54.3% 52% 33.8% 84.3%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 42.4% 85.2%
1984 52.6% 46% - -
1983 52.4% 43.7% - -
1982 52% 39.7% - -
1981 51.5% 37.5% - -
1980 50% 35.6% - -
1979 49.8% 34.1% - -
1978 50.8% 32.2% - -
1977 47.6% 28.5% - -
1976 47.9% 26.2% - -
1975 46.1% 22.8% - -
1974 42% 16.8% - -
1973 41.5% 16.7% - -
1972 40.1% 16.7% - -
1971 40% 17.4% - -
1970 39.5% 18.6% - -
1969 40.7% 16.8% - -
1968 40.9% 16.8% - -
1967 40.7% 15.6% - -
1966 38.7% 14.1% - -
1965 38.3% 14.8% - -
1964 38.7% 15.5% - -
1963 38.6% 15.6% - -
1962 37.6% 15.5% - -
1961 35.7% 16% - -
1960 36.3% 17.7% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/jordan | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government spending was $320B, accounting for 55.2% of its GDP, while Jordan spent $20.8B, or 33.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.5% in Austria and 82.8% in Jordan, ranking 42/185 and 39/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Jordan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Jordan
2025 -4.52% -6.35%
2024 -4.68% -7.27%
2023 -2.59% -6.49%
2022 -3.41% -4.9%
2021 -5.69% -6.62%
2020 -8.2% -7.56%
2019 0.54% -5.06%
2018 0.2% -4.23%
2017 -0.78% -3.22%
2016 -1.45% -2.62%
2015 -0.48% -5.18%
2014 -1.92% -6.75%
2013 -1.99% -8.78%
2012 -2.18% -3.33%
2011 -2.48% -1.21%
2010 -4.46% 0.19%
2009 -5.38% -2.28%
2008 -1.57% 1.92%
2007 -1.56% 2.76%
2006 -2.61% -1.86%
2005 -2.59% -2.2%
2004 -4.94% 0.56%
2003 -1.84% -1.6%
2002 -1.43% -3.21%
2001 -0.71% -1.13%
2000 -2.07% -1.85%
1999 -2.63% -1.13%
1998 -2.68% -5.59%
1997 -2.38% -2.68%
1996 -4.38% -2.69%
1995 -6.17% -1.45%
1994 -5.04% -1.67%
1993 -4.57% -1.43%
1992 -2.15% 2.07%
1991 -2.96% -8.1%
1990 -2.58% -6.82%
1989 -3.07% -6.89%
1988 -3.43% -13%
1987 -4.33% -13.4%
1986 -3.84% -2.39%
1985 -2.71% -6.9%
1984 -2.67% -
1983 -4.22% -
1982 -3.29% -
1981 -1.79% -
1980 -1.62% -
1979 -2.3% -
1978 -2.67% -
1977 -2.11% -
1976 -3.61% -
1975 -2.41% -
1974 1.23% -
1973 1.24% -
1972 1.97% -
1971 1.46% -
1970 1.16% -
1969 -0.08% -
1968 -0.83% -
1967 -0.56% -
1966 1.73% -
1965 1.38% -
1964 0.48% -
1963 -0.5% -
1962 1.12% -
1961 1.68% -
1960 -0.49% -
1959 -2.16% -
1958 -3.52% -
1957 -0.7% -
1956 -0.78% -
1955 -0.5% -
1954 -0.35% -
1953 -0.24% -
1952 -0.73% -
1951 -1.57% -
1950 -7.72% -
1949 -9.23% -
1948 -9.3% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -2.84% -
1936 -3.91% -
1935 -5.46% -
1934 -5.28% -
1933 -3.55% -
1932 -9.16% -
1931 -11.5% -
1930 -9.68% -
1929 -6.83% -
1928 -7.63% -
1927 -7.3% -
1926 -6.18% -
1925 -4.96% -
1924 -5.69% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -
1912 -0.69% -
1911 0.03% -
1910 -0.42% -
1909 -5.51% -
1908 -1.24% -
1907 -2.73% -
1906 -0.05% -
1905 -0.71% -
1904 -1.12% -
1903 -0.97% -
1902 -0.75% -
1901 -0.56% -
1900 -0.05% -
1899 -0.08% -
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/jordan | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $26.2B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Jordan's deficit of $3.91B, or 6.35% of GDP.

Over the past 41 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 39 of those years, while Jordan ran a deficit in 36 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.97% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.91% of GDP for Jordan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Jordan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Jordan
2025 3.53% 1.77%
2024 2.94% 1.56%
2023 7.81% 2.08%
2022 8.55% 4.23%
2021 2.77% 1.35%
2020 1.38% 0.33%
2019 1.53% 0.76%
2018 2% 4.46%
2017 2.08% 3.32%
2016 0.89% -0.78%
2015 0.9% -0.88%
2014 1.61% 2.9%
2013 2% 4.82%
2012 2.49% 4.52%
2011 3.29% 4.16%
2010 1.81% 4.85%
2009 0.51% -0.74%
2008 3.22% 14%
2007 2.17% 4.74%
2006 1.44% 6.25%
2005 2.3% 3.49%
2004 2.06% 3.36%
2003 1.36% 1.63%
2002 1.81% 1.83%
2001 2.65% 1.77%
2000 2.34% 0.67%
1999 0.57% 0.61%
1998 0.92% 3.09%
1997 1.31% 3.04%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/jordan | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.35%, compared with 2.87% in Jordan. In 2025, inflation was 3.53% in Austria and 1.77% in Jordan.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $18.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $14.1M
Chemicals & pharma $9.69M
Wood & paper products $3.36M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.59M
Animal & marine products $2.11M
Metals $1.89M
Raw materials & minerals $1.16M
Raw agricultural goods $793K
Miscellaneous $189K
Jordan
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $2.21M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $957K
Metals $344K
Machinery & equipment $272K
Raw agricultural goods $85K
Textiles & consumer goods $42K
Miscellaneous $24K
Chemicals & pharma $23K
Raw materials & minerals $2K
Wood & paper products $1K

Balance of trade

Austria Jordan
Current account balance
$10.4B
2025
-$3.13B
2024
Current account balance ranking
24/190
2025
152/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.79%
2025
-5.33%
2024
Goods imports
$208B
2025
$23.9B
2024
Goods exports
$214B
2025
$13.3B
2024
Service imports
$98.3B
2025
$6.5B
2024
Service exports
$105B
2025
$9.45B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.3%
2025
57.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
54.7%
2025
42.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Jordan
Economic freedom 69.8 59.3
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 104/197
Property rights 95.7 52.3
Government integrity 75 51
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 44
Tax burden 45.7 84.1
Government spending 12.8 67.2
Fiscal health 67.1 5.2
Business freedom 78.7 62.7
Labor freedom 81.6 51.3
Monetary freedom 76.4 81.2
Trade freedom 79.4 82
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Jordan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Jordan
2026 69.8 59.3
2025 69.7 59.4
2024 68.4 58.3
2023 71.1 58.8
2022 73.8 60.1
2021 73.9 64.6
2020 73.3 66
2019 72 66.5
2018 71.8 64.9
2017 72.3 66.7
2016 71.7 68.3
2015 71.2 69.3
2014 72.4 69.2
2013 71.8 70.4
2012 70.3 69.9
2011 71.9 68.9
2010 71.6 66.1
2009 71.2 65.4
2008 71.4 64.1
2007 71.6 64.5
2006 71.1 63.7
2005 68.8 66.7
2004 67.6 66.1
2003 67.6 65.3
2002 67.4 66.2
2001 68.1 68.3
2000 68.4 67.5
1999 64 67.4
1998 65.4 66.8
1997 65.2 63.6
1996 68.9 60.8
1995 70 62.7

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/jordan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 59.3 for Jordan, ranking 104/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Jordan
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2025
56.8%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2025
27.4%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.26%
2025
5.56%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$556B
2025
$60.6B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$77,010
2025
$12,440
2025
Total reserves including gold
$53.4B
2025
$26.6B
2025
Total reserves ranking
46/177
2025
61/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$5.61B
2025
-$1.58B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$54.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
7.85%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
14.2%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.7%
2025
23%
2021

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/jordan | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.