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Economy of Austria vs Colombia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Austria has a GDP of $579B compared to $457B for Colombia, ranking 29/197 and 37/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $466B in government debt (80.5% of GDP), compared to $274B (59.9% of GDP) in Colombia.

Austria vs Colombia GDP by year

Austria
Colombia
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Colombia
2025 $579,470,021,095 $457,410,034,203
2024 $534,790,720,467 $420,504,033,143
2023 $516,670,509,629 $366,901,643,683
2022 $473,221,298,968 $345,632,492,851
2021 $480,466,363,177 $318,524,633,225
2020 $434,397,601,558 $270,348,342,541
2019 $442,983,642,372 $323,031,701,193
2018 $452,582,294,973 $334,198,218,098
2017 $414,926,138,133 $311,866,875,157
2016 $393,687,359,770 $282,720,100,286
2015 $379,546,097,301 $293,492,370,193
2014 $438,556,021,078 $381,240,864,422
2013 $426,580,502,769 $382,093,697,078
2012 $406,750,487,604 $370,691,143,018
2011 $428,954,737,064 $334,966,134,805
2010 $389,827,789,218 $286,498,534,095
2009 $399,290,118,782 $232,468,663,110
2008 $429,234,399,096 $242,504,150,473
2007 $386,760,177,589 $206,229,540,926
2006 $333,905,979,332 $161,792,958,905
2005 $313,952,317,331 $145,600,529,606
2004 $299,210,411,455 $117,092,416,666
2003 $260,779,834,340 $94,644,969,157
2002 $212,837,224,023 $97,945,812,803
2001 $196,477,206,829 $98,200,641,203
2000 $196,181,599,831 $99,875,074,951
1999 $216,421,809,126 $86,186,158,685
1998 $217,068,085,816 $98,443,739,941
1997 $211,724,812,267 $106,659,508,271
1996 $235,952,581,232 $97,160,109,278
1995 $240,094,169,510 $92,507,279,383
1994 $202,738,023,130 $81,703,500,846
1993 $189,634,029,339 $66,446,804,803
1992 $194,314,032,056 $58,418,985,443
1991 $173,113,449,617 $49,175,565,911
1990 $165,811,372,383 $47,844,090,710
1989 $132,584,448,258 $39,540,080,200
1988 $132,817,124,707 $39,212,550,050
1987 $123,682,091,859 $36,373,307,085
1986 $98,648,254,169 $34,942,489,684
1985 $69,114,996,010 $34,894,411,352
1984 $67,719,055,773 $38,253,120,738
1983 $71,838,528,420 $38,729,822,782
1982 $70,996,111,963 $38,968,039,722
1981 $70,755,997,062 $36,388,366,869
1980 $81,737,498,405 $33,400,735,644
1979 $73,647,694,287 $27,940,411,250
1978 $61,809,208,756 $23,263,511,958
1977 $51,343,861,460 $19,470,960,619
1976 $42,791,707,448 $15,341,403,660
1975 $39,902,300,703 $13,098,633,902
1974 $35,051,468,640 $12,370,029,584
1973 $29,399,860,145 $10,315,760,000
1972 $21,973,207,929 $8,671,358,733
1971 $17,788,536,733 $7,820,380,971
1970 $15,312,791,744 $7,198,360,460
1969 $13,647,475,854 $6,450,175,214
1968 $12,499,863,917 $5,960,212,869
1967 $11,634,569,522 $5,825,170,438
1966 $10,939,526,219 $5,428,518,519
1965 $10,041,659,445 $5,760,761,905
1964 $9,213,648,656 $5,973,366,667
1963 $8,414,050,621 $4,836,166,667
1962 $7,793,042,529 $4,955,543,963
1961 $7,346,566,038 $4,540,447,761
1960 $6,624,086,313 $4,031,152,977

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/colombia | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Colombia by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Colombia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Colombia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $62,930 - $8,562 -
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $7,951 $22,349
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $7,012 $21,246
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $6,680 $20,854
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $6,223 $17,383
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $5,340 $15,519
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $6,473 $16,182
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $6,817 $15,239
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $6,480 $14,401
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $5,960 $14,027
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $6,249 $13,332
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $8,187 $13,355
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $8,279 $12,780
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $8,109 $12,093
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $7,401 $11,707
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $6,398 $10,841
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $5,251 $10,367
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $5,542 $10,307
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $4,770 $9,909
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $3,790 $9,154
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $3,456 $8,432
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $2,819 $7,909
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $2,312 $7,420
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $2,429 $7,109
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $2,473 $6,935
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $2,555 $6,776
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $2,241 $6,544
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $2,605 $6,854
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $2,873 $6,861
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $2,665 $6,639
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $2,584 $6,506
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $2,326 $6,174
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $1,929 $5,826
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $1,730 $5,509
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $1,486 $5,281
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $1,475 $5,109
1989 $17,401 - $1,244 -
1988 $17,510 - $1,260 -
1987 $16,329 - $1,193 -
1986 $13,032 - $1,169 -
1985 $9,136 - $1,192 -
1984 $8,956 - $1,336 -
1983 $9,500 - $1,384 -
1982 $9,373 - $1,425 -
1981 $9,348 - $1,362 -
1980 $10,827 - $1,280 -
1979 $9,755 - $1,095 -
1978 $8,173 - $932 -
1977 $6,784 - $798 -
1976 $5,656 - $643 -
1975 $5,265 - $561 -
1974 $4,613 - $542 -
1973 $3,875 - $462 -
1972 $2,913 - $397 -
1971 $2,372 - $367 -
1970 $2,051 - $346 -
1969 $1,834 - $318 -
1968 $1,686 - $302 -
1967 $1,577 - $303 -
1966 $1,494 - $290.3 -
1965 $1,381 - $317 -
1964 $1,275 - $339 -
1963 $1,173 - $282.6 -
1962 $1,093 - $298.5 -
1961 $1,037 - $282.1 -
1960 $940 - $258.3 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/colombia | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $62,930, ranking 16/197, compared to $8,562 in Colombia, ranking 94/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Colombia ranks 87th at $22,349.

Economic indicators

Austria Colombia
Gross domestic product
$579B
2025
$457B
2025
GDP rank
29/197
2025
37/197
2025
GDP growth
0.62%
2024-2025
2.64%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$62,930
2025
$8,562
2025
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2025
94/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$22,349
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
87/197
2024
Government debt
$466B
2025
$274B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.5%
2025
59.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$50,654
2025
$5,126
2025
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2025
85/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$38,467
2026
$6,463
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$211B
2025
$133B
2025
Number of billionaires
9
2026
4
2026
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
42.7%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
1%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
55.2%
2025
33.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.53%
2024-2025
5.14%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
11.3%
2026
Unemployment rate
5.78%
2025
8.43%
2025
Population
9201502
54209462

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Colombia
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Colombia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 55.2% 80.5% 33.2% 59.9%
2024 55.2% 79.2% 34.4% 61%
2023 52.2% 77.8% 35.1% 55.4%
2022 53% 78.1% 34.1% 61.3%
2021 56% 82.4% 34.5% 64.4%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 33.7% 65.3%
2019 49.1% 71% 32.9% 51%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 34.7% 51.8%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 29.3% 49.4%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 30% 49.9%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 31.3% 50.4%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 31.3% 43.3%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 30% 37.6%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 29.1% 34%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 30.2% 35.8%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 30.4% 36.5%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 30.9% 35.4%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 28.4% 32.4%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 28.2% 32.7%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 28.4% 36%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 25.9% 38.5%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 26.6% 41.5%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 28% 45%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 28.1% 47.5%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 27.5% 41.1%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 26.6% 38%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 28.3% 34%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 26.3% 27.5%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 26.2% 25.3%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 25.1% 23.3%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 22.2% 13.8%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 20.6% 12.5%
1993 54.3% 61% 20% 14.2%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 18.4% 16.1%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 17.7% 14.5%
1990 46.8% 56.2% 17.4% 16.7%
1989 51.6% 56.6% 10.3% 17.3%
1988 53.1% 57.7% 10.3% 17.9%
1987 54.5% 55.5% 9.7% 18.9%
1986 54.3% 52% 9.8% 20.2%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 10.5% 19.3%
1984 52.6% 46% 10.3% 15.5%
1983 52.4% 43.7% 10.2% 10.8%
1982 52% 39.7% 10.6% 8.8%
1981 51.5% 37.5% 9.9% 8.5%
1980 50% 35.6% 9.6% 8%
1979 49.8% 34.1% 8.6% 7.7%
1978 50.8% 32.2% 8.1% 7.6%
1977 47.6% 28.5% 7.7% 9.2%
1976 47.9% 26.2% 8% 12.2%
1975 46.1% 22.8% 9.4% 14.6%
1974 42% 16.8% 8.8% 15.9%
1973 41.5% 16.7% 9.4% 16.3%
1972 40.1% 16.7% 10.3% 16.9%
1971 40% 17.4% 10.3% 16.2%
1970 39.5% 18.6% 10% 16.7%
1969 40.7% 16.8% 9.2% 17%
1968 40.9% 16.8% 8.9% 16.2%
1967 40.7% 15.6% 8.2% 15.8%
1966 38.7% 14.1% 8% 15.3%
1965 38.3% 14.8% 7% 15.2%
1964 38.7% 15.5% 8.1% 13.1%
1963 38.6% 15.6% 8.6% 13.9%
1962 37.6% 15.5% 7.8% 14.8%
1961 35.7% 16% 8.6% 8.7%
1960 36.3% 17.7% 6.7% 7.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1995, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/colombia | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government spending was $320B, accounting for 55.2% of its GDP, while Colombia spent $152B, or 33.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.5% in Austria and 59.9% in Colombia, ranking 42/185 and 78/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Colombia
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Colombia
2025 -4.52% -5.75%
2024 -4.68% -6.04%
2023 -2.59% -2.92%
2022 -3.41% -6.36%
2021 -5.69% -7.28%
2020 -8.2% -7.12%
2019 0.54% -3.48%
2018 0.2% -4.67%
2017 -0.78% -2.5%
2016 -1.45% -2.27%
2015 -0.48% -3.52%
2014 -1.92% -1.74%
2013 -1.99% -1.02%
2012 -2.18% 0.15%
2011 -2.48% -1.99%
2010 -4.46% -3.3%
2009 -5.38% -2.67%
2008 -1.57% 0.04%
2007 -1.56% -0.82%
2006 -2.61% -0.99%
2005 -2.59% -0.02%
2004 -4.94% -1.31%
2003 -1.84% -2.7%
2002 -1.43% -3.45%
2001 -0.71% -2.71%
2000 -2.07% -2.94%
1999 -2.63% -5.37%
1998 -2.68% -3.86%
1997 -2.38% -3.23%
1996 -4.38% -2.49%
1995 -6.17% -1%
1994 -5.04% -0.14%
1993 -4.57% -0.24%
1992 -2.15% -0.07%
1991 -2.96% 0.35%
1990 -2.58% -0.41%
1989 -3.07% -1.4%
1988 -3.43% -1.3%
1987 -4.33% -0.4%
1986 -3.84% -1.4%
1985 -2.71% -2.4%
1984 -2.67% -3.3%
1983 -4.22% -3.1%
1982 -3.29% -3.6%
1981 -1.79% -2.8%
1980 -1.62% -2.2%
1979 -2.3% -0.7%
1978 -2.67% 0.3%
1977 -2.11% 0.5%
1976 -3.61% 0.6%
1975 -2.41% -0.5%
1974 1.23% -1.2%
1973 1.24% -1.1%
1972 1.97% -1.7%
1971 1.46% -1%
1970 1.16% -0.7%
1969 -0.08% -0.5%
1968 -0.83% 0%
1967 -0.56% -0.2%
1966 1.73% 0.1%
1965 1.38% -0.6%
1964 0.48% -1.1%
1963 -0.5% -1.7%
1962 1.12% -1.6%
1961 1.68% -1.5%
1960 -0.49% 1.2%
1959 -2.16% 2%
1958 -3.52% 1.7%
1957 -0.7% 1.4%
1956 -0.78% -0.2%
1955 -0.5% 0.7%
1954 -0.35% 1.3%
1953 -0.24% 1.3%
1952 -0.73% 1.6%
1951 -1.57% 2.1%
1950 -7.72% 0.9%
1949 -9.23% 0.5%
1948 -9.3% -0.1%
1947 - 0.2%
1946 - -0.5%
1945 - 0.1%
1944 - -0.2%
1943 - -0.7%
1942 - -1.5%
1941 - 0%
1940 - -1.5%
1939 - 0.8%
1938 - 0.5%
1937 -2.84% 1.4%
1936 -3.91% 1.1%
1935 -5.46% 1.3%
1934 -5.28% 0.2%
1933 -3.55% -0.4%
1932 -9.16% -0.8%
1931 -11.5% -0.2%
1930 -9.68% 0.3%
1929 -6.83% 0.4%
1928 -7.63% -0.4%
1927 -7.3% -0.6%
1926 -6.18% 0%
1925 -4.96% 1%
1924 -5.69% 0.5%
1923 - 0.3%
1922 - -0.7%
1921 - -1.6%
1920 - 0.4%
1919 - -0.8%
1918 - -2.1%
1917 - -0.5%
1916 - 0.2%
1915 - -0.2%
1914 - -0.5%
1913 - 0.5%
1912 -0.69% -0.3%
1911 0.03% -0.1%
1910 -0.42% -0.3%
1909 -5.51% -3.3%
1908 -1.24% -2.7%
1907 -2.73% -2.7%
1906 -0.05% 0.2%
1905 -0.71% -0.9%
1904 -1.12% -
1903 -0.97% -
1902 -0.75% -
1901 -0.56% -
1900 -0.05% -
1899 -0.08% -
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/colombia | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $26.2B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Colombia's deficit of $26.3B, or 5.75% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 54 of those years, while Colombia ran a deficit in 57 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.08% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.93% of GDP for Colombia.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Colombia
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Colombia
2025 3.53% 5.14%
2024 2.94% 6.61%
2023 7.81% 11.7%
2022 8.55% 10.2%
2021 2.77% 3.5%
2020 1.38% 2.53%
2019 1.53% 3.52%
2018 2% 3.24%
2017 2.08% 4.31%
2016 0.89% 7.51%
2015 0.9% 4.99%
2014 1.61% 2.9%
2013 2% 2.02%
2012 2.49% 3.17%
2011 3.29% 3.42%
2010 1.81% 2.27%
2009 0.51% 4.2%
2008 3.22% 7%
2007 2.17% 5.54%
2006 1.44% 4.29%
2005 2.3% 5.05%
2004 2.06% 5.9%
2003 1.36% 7.13%
2002 1.81% 6.35%
2001 2.65% 7.97%
2000 2.34% 9.23%
1999 0.57% 10.9%
1998 0.92% 18.7%
1997 1.31% 18.5%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/colombia | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.35%, compared with 6.47% in Colombia. In 2025, inflation was 3.53% in Austria and 5.14% in Colombia.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $117M
Chemicals & pharma $35.9M
Wood & paper products $15.9M
Textiles & consumer goods $9.92M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $6.16M
Metals $5.67M
Raw materials & minerals $3.05M
Miscellaneous $338K
Animal & marine products $233K
Precious metals & jewellery $163K
Colombia
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $1.56M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $719K
Textiles & consumer goods $367K
Metals $309K
Machinery & equipment $275K
Wood & paper products $125K
Precious metals & jewellery $76K
Chemicals & pharma $17K
Miscellaneous $16K
Animal & marine products $4K

Balance of trade

Austria Colombia
Current account balance
$10.4B
2025
-$10.9B
2025
Current account balance ranking
24/190
2025
176/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.79%
2025
-2.38%
2025
Goods imports
$208B
2025
$66.3B
2025
Goods exports
$214B
2025
$51.5B
2025
Service imports
$98.3B
2025
$19.6B
2025
Service exports
$105B
2025
$19.6B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.3%
2025
20.4%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
54.7%
2025
15%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Colombia
Economic freedom 69.8 59.8
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 101/197
Property rights 95.7 43.1
Government integrity 75 41.6
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 57.4
Tax burden 45.7 68.6
Government spending 12.8 64
Fiscal health 67.1 49.8
Business freedom 78.7 71.2
Labor freedom 81.6 59.1
Monetary freedom 76.4 71.9
Trade freedom 79.4 71.4
Investment freedom 60 60
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Colombia
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Colombia
2026 69.8 59.8
2025 69.7 59.8
2024 68.4 59.2
2023 71.1 63.1
2022 73.8 65.1
2021 73.9 68.1
2020 73.3 69.2
2019 72 67.3
2018 71.8 68.9
2017 72.3 69.7
2016 71.7 70.8
2015 71.2 71.7
2014 72.4 70.7
2013 71.8 69.6
2012 70.3 68
2011 71.9 68
2010 71.6 65.5
2009 71.2 62.3
2008 71.4 62.2
2007 71.6 59.9
2006 71.1 60.4
2005 68.8 59.6
2004 67.6 61.2
2003 67.6 64.2
2002 67.4 64.2
2001 68.1 65.6
2000 68.4 63.3
1999 64 65.3
1998 65.4 65.5
1997 65.2 66.4
1996 68.9 64.3
1995 70 64.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/colombia | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 59.8 for Colombia, ranking 101/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Colombia
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2025
58.5%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2025
21.8%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.26%
2025
9.95%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$556B
2025
$422B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$77,010
2025
$22,250
2025
Total reserves including gold
$53.4B
2025
$65.8B
2025
Total reserves ranking
46/177
2025
41/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$5.61B
2025
-$7.31B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$13.7B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$4.51B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
8.17%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
31.8%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.7%
2025
16.7%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/colombia | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1995, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.